Oral microbiome sequencing revealed the enrichment of Fusobacterium sp., Porphyromonas sp., Campylobacter sp., and Neisseria sp. on the oral malignant fibroma surface of giant panda.

Introduction: Microbial community composition is closely associated with host disease onset and progression, underscoring the importance of understanding host-microbiota dynamics in various health contexts. Methods: In this study, we utilized full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to conduct species-level identification of the microorganisms in the oral cavity of a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) with oral malignant fibroma. Results: We observed a significant difference between the microbial community of the tumor side and non-tumor side of the oral cavity of the giant panda, with the latter exhibiting higher microbial diversity. The tumor side was dominated by specific microorganisms, such as Fusobacterium simiae, Porphyromonas sp. feline oral taxon 110, Campylobacter sp. feline oral taxon 100, and Neisseria sp. feline oral taxon 078, that have been reported to be associated with tumorigenic processes and periodontal diseases in other organisms. According to the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, more than 9 distinct biomarkers were obtained between the tumor side and non-tumor side samples. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the oral microbiota of the giant panda was significantly associated with genetic information processing and metabolism, particularly cofactor and vitamin, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, a significant bacterial invasion of epithelial cells was predicted in the tumor side. Discussion: This study provides crucial insights into the association between oral microbiota and oral tumors in giant pandas and offers potential biomarkers that may guide future health assessments and preventive strategies for captive and aging giant pandas.

Characterization of exogenous type D retrovirus from a fibroma of a macaque with simian AIDS and fibromatosis.

A novel type D retrovirus was isolated by cocultivation of explants of fibromatous tissue from a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) with immunodeficiency and retroperitoneal fibromatosis. This type D virus, isolated from a macaque with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS-D/Washington), is exogenous and is partially related to the Mason-Pfizer and the langur monkey type D viruses. The SAiDS-D virus can be distinguished from all other primate retroviruses by antigenicity and molecular hybridization. Nucleic acid hybridization studies reveal that the origin of the SAIDS-D isolate may reside in Old World monkey (subfamily Colobinae) cellular DNA.

Alimentary fibropapilloma in cattle: a spontaneous tumor, nonpermissive for papillomavirus replication.

Fibropapillomatosis of the upper alimentary canal of cattle is described. The tumors, found in the esophagus, esophageal groove, and rumen, showed involvement of the subepithelial fibroblasts as well as of the squamous epithelial layer. Although the fibropapilloma cells harbored multiple episomal copies of the genome of bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) easily detected by hybridization techniques, no mature virus could be isolated from these lesions or seen by electron microscopy, and no viral antigen could be detected by immunohistochemical methods. It would appear, therefore, that within the limitations of the techniques employed the alimentary canal epithelium and the underlying fibroblasts, while allowing BPV-2 DNA replication, are nonpermissive for the expression of the viral vegetative functions and that transformation of the epithelial cells, like transformation of fibroblasts, can take place in the absence of infectious viral progeny.

Detection of papillomaviruses in cutaneous fibromas of white-tailed and mule deer.

Naturally occurring cutaneous fibromas affecting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O hemionus), and cutaneous fibropapillomas of domestic cattle were tested for papillomavirus using indirect immunofluorescence (IF), peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP), and negative-stain electron microscopic techniques. Papillomavirus was consistently detected using rabbit antiserum against papillomavirus group-specific antigen in all mule deer fibromas and bovine fibropapillomas; only 16 of 28 white-tailed deer fibromas tested by IF and 9 of 15 tested by PAP were detected. Normal skin from white-tailed deer or cattle was consistently negative for virus. Similar results were obtained by negative-stain electron microscopic examination of partially purified tumor homogenates. Using deer fibroma virus or bovine papillomavirus type 1-specific antisera, viruses were typed by IF, PAP, and immunoelectron microscopy.

Papillomavirus genomes in experimentally induced fibromas in white-tailed deer.

Cutaneous fibromas of white-tailed deer were transmitted successfully to 5 young deer. Serial biopsy specimens of the induced lesions were analyzed for white-tailed deer papillomavirus, using Southern blot hybridization. Viral genomes were found in all specimens taken 1 to 7 weeks after inoculation and, in some cases, from specimens of the inoculation site obtained later. Viral DNA was found before histologic evidence of fibroblast proliferation and persisted in low copy number, compared with viral DNA of naturally developing fibromas.

Poxvirus fibromas on African hares.

Small dermal tumors were found on three African hares (Lepus capensis) in the Laikipia District, Kenya. Gross and histopathologic studies revealed similarities to the Shope's fibroma of wild rabbits in North America and fibromas of European hares. Histological examination of the African hare fibromas revealed intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of poxviruses and poxvirus virions were demonstrated by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. Attempts to propagate the virus in rabbit skin, embryonated chicken eggs and cell cultures were unsuccessful.

Lip fibromas associated with retrovirus-like particles in angel fish.

Fibromas were observed on the lips of adult female and juvenile angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare) from 3 Florida farm populations. Tumor prevalence in each population was < 1%. Affected fish were clinically normal except for those with large tumors, which had weight loss caused by physical obstruction of food intake. Fibromas originated as elevated masses from the mucocutaneous junction near the midline of the upper and/or lower lips. Characteristic features included dense fibrous stroma covered by thickened, stratified squamous epithelium, numerous intraneoplastic teeth, and scattered foci of stromal inflammation. Electron microscopy revealed intracytoplasmic type-A retrovirus-like particles in stromal cells from all tumors. Attempts to transmit fibromas, using a cell-free tumor ultrafiltrate, were unsuccessful. The relationship of the intraneoplastic viral particles to the development of lip fibromas in angel fish is uncertain.

Deer fibroma: a review.

Fibromas are frequent cutaneous neoplasms of young deer of many species, characterized by proliferation of both epithelial and dermal cells. Virus particles, similar to those found in fibrous skin tumors of several wild and domestic species, have been identified in some species by electron microscopy. Attempted transmission of fibromas has not been uniformly successful using filtered preparations.

[An enzootic with pseudo-tumoral manifestations in Vipera lebetina in captivity]. / Une enzootie à manifestations pseudo-tumorales chez des vipères lébétines en captivité.

The authors report the clinical and epizootic evolution of an epizooty, characterized by pseudo-tumours, observed on some vipers (Vipera lebetina) maintained in captivity at the "institut Pasteur de Tunis". The disease was characterized by 2.3 cm size nodules, scattered under the skin or into splanchnic cavities. These ones, spherical and well capsuled, were formed by a mass of clear rounded cells (histiocytes or monocytes), the necrotic central area of which contained innumerable bacteria. Several reviewed works show that this appearance of chronic abcess is a common and univocal reaction to various pathogenic factors, such as bacteria and parasites. As to etiology, the authors have doubt about the pathological role of the germs which they have identified (Salmonella and other anterobacteria) because these latter belong to the normal microbial flora of snakes and are, in the present case, probably occasional infective agents only.

Mesenchymal neoplasms associated with type D retroviruses in macaques.

The type D subfamily of retroviruses contains five distinct viruses which are found in New and Old World monkeys. The retroviruses found in Old World macaque (genus Macaca) monkeys are exogenous to the species and upon injection induce a fatal simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS). Two serotypes of type D virus, SAIDS retrovirus types 1 and 2 (SRV-1 and SRV-2), are found in captive macaques in primate centres in the United States. In addition to SAIDS, two neoplasms, retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF) and subcutaneous fibrosarcomas (SF), have been found in macaques with type D retrovirus-induced SAIDS. Only SRV-2 is found in association with RF, and only about 35% of SRV-2-infected macaques develop RF. SF is found in association with both serotypes, but less than 5% of infected monkeys develop SF. The RF in macaques is potentially a model for human disease since the lesions in macaques are similar to the idiopathic RF described in humans. Thus far, RF has not been found in species other than macaque or man. The complete sequence of three type D retroviruses is known. Importantly, no oncogenes are present in the viral genome. Therefore, the mechanisms for tumour induction which involve immunosuppressive or genetic properties of the virus that are distinct from classic oncogenes must be considered.