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1.
Nat Immunol ; 22(6): 723-734, 2021 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33958784

RESUMEN

Continuous supply of immune cells throughout life relies on the delicate balance in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool between long-term maintenance and meeting the demands of both normal blood production and unexpected stress conditions. Here we identified distinct subsets of human long-term (LT)-HSCs that responded differently to regeneration-mediated stress: an immune checkpoint ligand CD112lo subset that exhibited a transient engraftment restraint (termed latency) before contributing to hematopoietic reconstitution and a primed CD112hi subset that responded rapidly. This functional heterogeneity and CD112 expression are regulated by INKA1 through direct interaction with PAK4 and SIRT1, inducing epigenetic changes and defining an alternative state of LT-HSC quiescence that serves to preserve self-renewal and regenerative capacity upon regeneration-mediated stress. Collectively, our data uncovered the molecular intricacies underlying HSC heterogeneity and self-renewal regulation and point to latency as an orchestrated physiological response that balances blood cell demands with preserving a stem cell reservoir.


Asunto(s)
Autorrenovación de las Células/inmunología , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/fisiología , Reconstitución Inmune , Células Madre Multipotentes/fisiología , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunología , Adulto , Animales , Autorrenovación de las Células/genética , Células Cultivadas , Epigénesis Genética/inmunología , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/citología , Citometría de Flujo , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Hematopoyesis , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Humanos , Separación Inmunomagnética , Recién Nacido , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nectinas/metabolismo , Cultivo Primario de Células , RNA-Seq , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Sirtuina 1/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Trasplante Heterólogo , Quinasas p21 Activadas/genética , Quinasas p21 Activadas/metabolismo
2.
Nature ; 632(8024): 390-400, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39048830

RESUMEN

Most cases of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) remain unexplained1,2. Here, we report on two unrelated people who had HSE as children and are homozygous for rare deleterious variants of TMEFF1, which encodes a cell membrane protein that is preferentially expressed by brain cortical neurons. TMEFF1 interacts with the cell-surface HSV-1 receptor NECTIN-1, impairing HSV-1 glycoprotein D- and NECTIN-1-mediated fusion of the virus and the cell membrane, blocking viral entry. Genetic TMEFF1 deficiency allows HSV-1 to rapidly enter cortical neurons that are either patient specific or derived from CRISPR-Cas9-engineered human pluripotent stem cells, thereby enhancing HSV-1 translocation to the nucleus and subsequent replication. This cellular phenotype can be rescued by pretreatment with type I interferon (IFN) or the expression of exogenous wild-type TMEFF1. Moreover, ectopic expression of full-length TMEFF1 or its amino-terminal extracellular domain, but not its carboxy-terminal intracellular domain, impairs HSV-1 entry into NECTIN-1-expressing cells other than neurons, increasing their resistance to HSV-1 infection. Human TMEFF1 is therefore a host restriction factor for HSV-1 entry into cortical neurons. Its constitutively high abundance in cortical neurons protects these cells from HSV-1 infection, whereas inherited TMEFF1 deficiency renders them susceptible to this virus and can therefore underlie HSE.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Encefalitis por Herpes Simple , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Proteínas de la Membrana , Internalización del Virus , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Encéfalo/citología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/virología , Encefalitis por Herpes Simple/virología , Encefalitis por Herpes Simple/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 1/patogenicidad , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiología , Homocigoto , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Interferón Tipo I/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana/deficiencia , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Nectinas/genética , Nectinas/metabolismo , Neuronas/citología , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neuronas/virología , Células Madre Pluripotentes/citología , Replicación Viral , Preescolar , Adulto Joven , Linaje
3.
Nature ; 632(8024): 383-389, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39048823

RESUMEN

The brain is highly sensitive to damage caused by infection and inflammation1,2. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus and the cause of herpes simplex encephalitis3. It is unknown whether neuron-specific antiviral factors control virus replication to prevent infection and excessive inflammatory responses, hence protecting the brain. Here we identify TMEFF1 as an HSV-1 restriction factor using genome-wide CRISPR screening. TMEFF1 is expressed specifically in neurons of the central nervous system and is not regulated by type I interferon, the best-known innate antiviral system controlling virus infections. Depletion of TMEFF1 in stem-cell-derived human neurons led to elevated viral replication and neuronal death following HSV-1 infection. TMEFF1 blocked the HSV-1 replication cycle at the level of viral entry through interactions with nectin-1 and non-muscle myosin heavy chains IIA and IIB, which are core proteins in virus-cell binding and virus-cell fusion, respectively4-6. Notably, Tmeff1-/- mice exhibited increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection in the brain but not in the periphery. Within the brain, elevated viral load was observed specifically in neurons. Our study identifies TMEFF1 as a neuron-specific restriction factor essential for prevention of HSV-1 replication in the central nervous system.


Asunto(s)
Factores de Restricción Antivirales , Encéfalo , Herpes Simple , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Proteínas de la Membrana , Neuronas , Internalización del Virus , Replicación Viral , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Factores de Restricción Antivirales/metabolismo , Encéfalo/citología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/virología , Muerte Celular , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Herpes Simple/inmunología , Herpes Simple/metabolismo , Herpes Simple/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/crecimiento & desarrollo , Herpesvirus Humano 1/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiología , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/deficiencia , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Neuronas/virología , Neuronas/metabolismo , Carga Viral , Nectinas/metabolismo , Miosina Tipo IIA no Muscular/metabolismo , Miosina Tipo IIB no Muscular/metabolismo , Interferón Tipo I , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/inmunología , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/metabolismo , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/patología , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/prevención & control , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/virología
4.
PLoS Pathog ; 20(6): e1012267, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38857290

RESUMEN

HSV infects keratinocytes in the epidermis of skin via nectin-1. We established a human foreskin explant infection model to investigate HSV entry and spread. HSV1 entry could only be achieved by the topical application of virus via high density microarray projections (HD-MAPs) to the epidermis, which penetrated beyond one third of its thickness, simulating in vivo microtrauma. Rapid lateral spread of HSV1 to a mean of 13 keratinocytes wide occurred after 24 hours and free virus particles were observed between keratinocytes, consistent with an intercellular route of spread. Nectin-1 staining was markedly decreased in foci of infection in the epidermis and in the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. Nectin-1 was redistributed, at the protein level, in adjacent uninfected cells surrounding infection, inducible by CCL3, IL-8 (or CXCL8), and possibly CXCL10 and IL-6, thus facilitating spread. These findings provide the first insights into HSV1 entry and spread in human inner foreskin in situ.


Asunto(s)
Quimiocinas , Prepucio , Herpes Simple , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Queratinocitos , Nectinas , Humanos , Masculino , Queratinocitos/virología , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Prepucio/virología , Prepucio/citología , Nectinas/metabolismo , Herpes Simple/virología , Herpes Simple/metabolismo , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiología , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Internalización del Virus
5.
Nat Immunol ; 15(5): 431-8, 2014 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24658051

RESUMEN

CD96, CD226 (DNAM-1) and TIGIT belong to an emerging family of receptors that interact with nectin and nectin-like proteins. CD226 activates natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, whereas TIGIT reportedly counterbalances CD226. In contrast, the role of CD96, which shares the ligand CD155 with CD226 and TIGIT, has remained unclear. In this study we found that CD96 competed with CD226 for CD155 binding and limited NK cell function by direct inhibition. As a result, Cd96(-/-) mice displayed hyperinflammatory responses to the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and resistance to carcinogenesis and experimental lung metastases. Our data provide the first description, to our knowledge, of the ability of CD96 to negatively control cytokine responses by NK cells. Blocking CD96 may have applications in pathologies in which NK cells are important.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Receptores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Animales , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/genética , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica/genética , Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Nectinas , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Neoplasias Experimentales/inmunología , Neumonía/inmunología , Unión Proteica/genética , Receptores Virales/metabolismo
6.
J Virol ; 98(9): e0090124, 2024 Sep 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39194240

RESUMEN

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a highly neurotropic virus that poses a persistent threat to the survival of multiple fish species. However, its inimitable neuropathogenesis remains largely elusive. To rummage potential partners germane to the nervous system, we investigated the interaction between red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) and grouper brain by immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry and discerned Nectin1 as a novel host factor subtly involved in viral early invasion events. Nectin1 was abundant in neural tissues and implicated in the inception of tunnel nanotubes triggered by RGNNV. Its overexpression not only dramatically potentiated the replication dynamics of RGNNV in susceptible cells, but also empowered non-sensitive cells to expeditiously capture free virions within 2 min. This potency was impervious to low temperatures but was dose-dependently suppressed by soluble protein or specific antibody of Nectin1 ectodomain, indicating Nectin1 as an attachment receptor for RGNNV. Mechanistically, efficient hijacking of virions by Nectin1 strictly depended on intricate linkages to different modules of viral capsid protein, especially the direct binding between the IgC1 loop and P-domain. More strikingly, despite abortive proliferation in Nectin1-reconstructed CHSE-214 cells, a non-sensitive cell, RGNNV could gain access to the intracellular compartment by capitalizing on Nectin1, thereby inducing canonical cytoplasmic vacuolation. Altogether, our findings delineate a candidate entrance for RGNNV infiltration into the nervous system, which may shed unprecedented insights into the exploration and elucidation of RGNNV pathogenesis.IMPORTANCENervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the most virulent pathogens in the aquaculture industry, which inflicts catastrophic damage to ecology, environment, and economy annually around the world. Nevertheless, its idiosyncratic invasion and latency mechanisms pose enormous hardships to epidemic prevention and control. In this study, deploying grouper brain as a natural screening library, a single-transmembrane glycoprotein, Nectin1, was first identified as an emergent functional receptor for red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) that widely allocated in nervous tissues and directly interacted with viral capsid protein through distinct Ig-like loops to bridge virus-host crosstalk, apprehend free virions, and concomitantly propel viral entry. Our findings illuminate the critical role of Nectin1 in RGNNV attachment and entry and provide a potential target for future clinical intervention strategies in the therapeutic race against RGNNV.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces , Nectinas , Nodaviridae , Infecciones por Virus ARN , Internalización del Virus , Animales , Nectinas/metabolismo , Nodaviridae/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/virología , Enfermedades de los Peces/metabolismo , Infecciones por Virus ARN/virología , Infecciones por Virus ARN/metabolismo , Infecciones por Virus ARN/veterinaria , Replicación Viral , Acoplamiento Viral , Proteínas de la Cápside/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Encéfalo/virología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Virión/metabolismo , Línea Celular
7.
J Immunol ; 210(3): 310-321, 2023 02 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36480269

RESUMEN

Neutrophil heterogeneity represents different subtypes, states, phenotypes, and functionality of neutrophils implicated in sepsis pathobiology. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) is a damage-associated molecular pattern that promotes inflammation and alters neutrophil phenotype and function through TLR4. Nectin-2 or CD112 is an Ig-like superfamily member. CD112 serves as the ligand for DNAM-1 (CD226), which induces Th1 differentiation in naive CD4+ T cells. Th1 cells produce IFN-γ to fuel inflammation. CD112 is expressed mainly on APCs, but its expression in neutrophils is unknown. We hypothesize that eCIRP induces CD112 expression in neutrophils, promoting Th1 differentiation in sepsis. Incubation of neutrophils with recombinant murine (rm)CIRP significantly increased the gene and protein expression of CD112 in neutrophils. Anti-TLR4 Ab-treated neutrophils significantly decreased CD112+ neutrophils compared with controls upon rmCIRP stimulation. After 4 h of rmCIRP injection in mice, CD112+ neutrophils were significantly increased in the blood and spleen. At 20 h after cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis, CD112+ neutrophils were also significantly increased. Blood and splenic CD112+ neutrophils in septic CIRP-/- mice were much lower than in septic wild-type mice. Coculture of naive CD4 T cells with rmCIRP-treated (CD112+) neutrophils significantly increased IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells compared with coculture with PBS-treated neutrophils. CD112 Ab significantly attenuated Th1 differentiation induced by rmCIRP-treated neutrophils. Thus, eCIRP increases CD112 expression in neutrophils via TLR4 to promote Th1 differentiation in sepsis. Targeting eCIRP may attenuate sepsis by reducing Th1-promoting CD112+ neutrophils.


Asunto(s)
Neutrófilos , Sepsis , Ratones , Animales , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Nectinas/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Sepsis/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL
8.
Carcinogenesis ; 45(6): 387-398, 2024 Jun 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38693810

RESUMEN

Effective diagnosis and understanding of the mechanism of intrapulmonary metastasis (IM) from multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) aid clinical management. However, the actual detection panels used in the clinic are variable. Current research on tumor microenvironment (TME) of MPLC and IM is insufficient. Therefore, additional investigation into the differential diagnosis and discrepancies in TME between two conditions is crucial. Two hundred and fourteen non-small cell lung cancer patients with multiple tumors were enrolled and 507 samples were subjected to DNA sequencing (NGS 10). Then, DNA and RNA sequencing (master panel) were performed on the specimens from 32 patients, the TME profiles between tumors within each patient and across patients and the differentially expressed genes were compared. Four patients were regrouped with NGS 10 results. Master panel resolved the classifications of six undetermined patients. The TME in MPLC exhibited a high degree of infiltration by natural killer (NK) cells, CD56dim NK cells, endothelial cells, etc., P < 0.05. Conversely, B cells, activated B cells, regulatory cells, immature dendritic cells, etc., P < 0.001, were heavily infiltrated in the IM. NECTIN4 and LILRB4 mRNA were downregulated in the MPLC (P < 0.0001). Additionally, NECTIN4 (P < 0.05) and LILRB4 were linked to improved disease-free survival in the MPLC. In conclusion, IM is screened from MPLC by pathology joint NGS 10 detections, followed by a large NGS panel for indistinguishable patients. A superior prognosis of MPLC may be associated with an immune-activating TME and the downregulation of NECTIN4 and LILRB4 considered as potential drug therapeutic targets.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Transcriptoma , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Anciano , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/genética , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/patología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Pronóstico , Genómica/métodos , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Nectinas/genética , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología
9.
J Cell Mol Med ; 28(14): e18572, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39072867

RESUMEN

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel type of targeted cancer therapy combining the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapy. Recently, ADCs have demonstrated practice-changing efficacy across diverse solid cancers. The anti-NECTIN-4 ADC enfortumab vedotin (EV) has just been approved for patients with urothelial cancer and is currently under investigation for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC e.g. Phase II ENCORE trial). Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of EV in established prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and to examine the membranous NECTIN-4 expression in primary tumours (PRIM) and distant metastases (MET). NECTIN-4 was heterogeneously expressed in the panel of PCa cell lines. EV led to growth inhibition in NECTIN-4 expressing PCa cells (22Rv1 and LNCaP), whereas the NECTIN-4-negative PC-3 cells were significantly less responsive to EV, emphasizing the dependence of EV response on its target expression. Immunohistochemical staining revealed moderate membranous NECTIN-4 expression only in a small subgroup of CRPC patients with lung and peritoneal MET [n = 3/22 with H-score ≥100, median H-score 140 (IQR 130-150)], while 100% of PRIM (n = 48/48) and 86.4% of common MET sites (n = 19/22), including lymph node, bone and liver MET, were NECTIN-4 negative. In summary, EV may be effective in NECTIN-4-positive PCa. However, our findings demonstrate that the tumoural NECTIN-4 expression is predominantly low in metastatic PCa, which suggests that EV may only be effective in a biomarker-stratified subgroup.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/genética , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunoconjugados/farmacología , Inmunoconjugados/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/patología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Nectinas
10.
Hum Mol Genet ; 31(15): 2535-2547, 2022 08 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35220430

RESUMEN

Epidermal development and maintenance are finely regulated events requiring a strict balance between proliferation and differentiation. Alterations in these processes give rise to human disorders such as cancer or syndromes with skin and annexes defects, known as ectodermal dysplasias (EDs). Here, we studied the functional effects of two novel receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 (RIPK4) missense mutations identified in siblings with an autosomal recessive ED with cutaneous syndactyly, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and orofacial synechiae. Clinical overlap with distinct EDs caused by mutations in transcription factors (i.e. p63 and interferon regulatory factor 6, IRF6) or nectin adhesion molecules was noticed. Impaired activity of the RIPK4 kinase resulted both in altered epithelial differentiation and defective cell adhesion. We showed that mutant RIPK4 resulted in loss of PVRL4/nectin-4 expression in patient epidermis and primary keratinocytes, and demonstrated that PVRL4 is transcriptionally regulated by IRF6, a RIPK4 phosphorylation target. In addition, defective RIPK4 altered desmosome morphology through modulation of plakophilin-1 and desmoplakin. In conclusion, this work implicates RIPK4 kinase function in the p63-IRF6 regulatory loop that controls the proliferation/differentiation switch and cell adhesion, with implications in ectodermal development and cancer.


Asunto(s)
Displasia Ectodérmica , Factores Reguladores del Interferón , Adhesión Celular/genética , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Displasia Ectodérmica/metabolismo , Homeostasis , Humanos , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/genética , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/metabolismo , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Nectinas , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas
11.
Cancer ; 130(21): 3658-3670, 2024 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38959291

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer with divergent differentiation (BCDD) comprises a heterogenous group of tumors with a poor prognosis, and differential expression of nectin-4 and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has been reported in BCDD. Importantly, nectin-4 expression in bladder cancer is associated with response to enfortumab vedotin, and PD-L1 expression is associated with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective review identifying 117 patients with advanced or metastatic BCDD who were treated at Winship Cancer Institute from 2011 to 2021. They performed immunohistochemistry staining for nectin-4 and PD-L1 expression by histologic subtype as well as genomic analysis of these patients, including RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and fusion detection analysis as well as a subgroup genomic analysis of patients with BCDD who received ICIs. RESULTS: The results indicated that nectin-4 expression was highest in the groups who had the squamous and plasmacytoid subtypes, whereas the group that had the sarcomatoid subtype (70.8%) had the highest proportion of PD-L1-positive patients. Genomic analysis yielded several key findings, including a 50% RB1 mutation rate in patients who had small cell BCDD, targetable PIK3CA mutations across multiple subtypes of BCDD, and significantly higher expression of TEC in responders to ICIs. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the authors identified clinically relevant data on nectin-4 and PD-L1 expression in patients with rare bladder tumors. They also identified several novel findings in the genomic analysis that highlight the role of precision medicine in this population of patients. Larger, prospective studies are needed to validate these hypothesis-generating data.


Asunto(s)
Antígeno B7-H1 , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/metabolismo , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/genética , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Genómica/métodos , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Nectinas
12.
J Virol ; 97(6): e0026223, 2023 06 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37289055

RESUMEN

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) must overcome epidermal barriers to reach its receptors on keratinocytes and initiate infection in human skin. The cell-adhesion molecule nectin-1, which is expressed in human epidermis, acts as an efficient receptor for HSV-1 but is not within reach of the virus upon exposure of human skin under nonpathological conditions. Atopic dermatitis skin, however, can provide an entry portal for HSV-1 emphasizing the role of impaired barrier functions. Here, we explored how epidermal barriers impact HSV-1 invasion in human epidermis and influence the accessibility of nectin-1 for the virus. Using human epidermal equivalents, we observed a correlation of the number of infected cells with tight-junction formation, suggesting that mature tight junctions prior to formation of the stratum corneum prevent viral access to nectin-1. Consequently, impaired epidermal barriers driven by Th2-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13 as well as the genetic predisposition of nonlesional atopic dermatitis keratinocytes correlated with enhanced infection supporting the impact of functional tight junctions for preventing infection in human epidermis. Comparable to E-cadherin, nectin-1 was distributed throughout the epidermal layers and localized just underneath the tight-junctions. While nectin-1 was evenly distributed on primary human keratinocytes in culture, the receptor was enriched at lateral surfaces of basal and suprabasal cells during differentiation. Nectin-1 showed no major redistribution in the thickened atopic dermatitis and IL-4/IL-13-treated human epidermis in which HSV-1 can invade. However, nectin-1 localization toward tight junction components changed, suggesting that defective tight-junction barriers make nectin-1 accessible for HSV-1 which enables facilitated viral penetration. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a widely distributed human pathogen which productively infects epithelia. The open question is which barriers of the highly protected epithelia must the virus overcome to reach its receptor nectin-1. Here, we used human epidermal equivalents to understand how physical barrier formation and nectin-1 distribution contribute to successful viral invasion. Inflammation-induced barrier defects led to facilitated viral penetration strengthening the role of functional tight-junctions in hindering viral access to nectin-1 that is localized just underneath tight junctions and distributed throughout all layers. We also found nectin-1 ubiquitously localized in the epidermis of atopic dermatitis and IL-4/IL-13-treated human skin implying that impaired tight-junctions in combination with a defective cornified layer allow the accessibility of nectin-1 to HSV-1. Our results support that successful invasion of HSV-1 in human skin relies on defective epidermal barriers, which not only include a dysfunctional cornified layer but also depend on impaired tight junctions.


Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica , Herpes Simple , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Nectinas , Uniones Estrechas , Humanos , Dermatitis Atópica/virología , Epidermis/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiología , Interleucina-13 , Interleucina-4
13.
J Virol ; 97(2): e0187122, 2023 02 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36648234

RESUMEN

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a neurotropic virus causing obvious neurological disorders and reproductive failure in pigs. PRV entry into target cells is a complex multistep process initiated by interacting viral envelope glycoproteins with cellular receptors. In the current study, we found that thrombospondin 3 (THBS3) plays an important role in PRV entry into target cells, indicating that THBS3 is a new PRV coreceptor. To confirm this hypothesis, the knockdown of THBS3 in several permissive cells inhibited PRV primary infection, and overexpression of THBS3 in PK15 cells promoted PRV infection. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout markedly reduced PRV infection in PK15 cells. Antibodies against THBS3 blocked PRV infection in naturally permissive target cells. Moreover, soluble THBS3 protein neutralized the infectivity of PRV. Mechanistically, THBS3 interacted with the PRV gD via its N and C termini to facilitate PRV binding in permissive and nonpermissive cells. Also, in the absence of Nectin-1, THBS3 promoted cell-to-cell fusion mediated by virus glycoproteins. While THBS3 alone could not increase virus entry, overexpression of it in the presence of Nectin-1 promoted virus entry into CHO-K1 cells. Our results have identified THBS3 as a critical player in PRV binding and subsequent membrane fusion and entry. IMPORTANCE Herpesvirus entry occurs through a cascade of virus-cell interactions, and multiple surface glycoproteins play a role in virus binding and entry during the virus invasion process. Early studies showed that attachment to cells by PRV, as well as other alphaherpesviruses, is mediated by interactions between the viral glycoprotein gC and cell membrane proteoglycans carrying heparan sulfate chains (HSPGs). However, gD may also be involved in virus binding in an HSPG-independent manner. To date, the respective cellular receptors are still unknown. In this report, we identified a host molecule, THBS3, involved in gD-mediated PRV binding and subsequent membrane fusion and entry, which increases our understanding of the initial events in alpha herpesvirus infections.


Asunto(s)
Herpesvirus Suido 1 , Seudorrabia , Acoplamiento Viral , Internalización del Virus , Animales , Cricetinae , Células CHO , Herpesvirus Suido 1/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Suido 1/patogenicidad , Nectinas/genética , Nectinas/metabolismo , Porcinos , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genética , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/metabolismo , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen
14.
Histopathology ; 84(5): 863-876, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38196202

RESUMEN

AIMS: Treatment options for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) rapidly evolved: besides immunomodulative therapeutic options and inhibitors targeting Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alterations, two new antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), sacituzumab govitecan (SG) and enfortumab vedotin (EV), have been approved. However, little is known about the associations of specific aUC properties and the surface target expression of TROP2 and NECTIN-4. Our aim was to characterize associations of TACSTD2/TROP2 and NECTIN-4/NECTIN-4 protein and gene expression with morphomolecular and clinicopathological characteristics of aUC in two large independent cohorts. METHODS AND RESULTS: The TCGA BLCA (n = 405) and the CCC-EMN (n = 247) cohorts were retrospectively analysed. TROP2/TACSTD2 and NECTIN-4/NECTIN-4 are highly expressed at the protein and transcript level in aUC, and their expression status did not correlate with patient survival in both cohorts. NECTIN-4/NECTIN-4 expression was higher in luminal tumours and reduced in squamous aUCs. NECTIN-4 was negative in 10.6% of samples, and 18.4% of samples had low expression (H-score <15). The TROP2 negativity rate amounted to 6.5%. TACSTD2 and NECTIN-4 expression was reduced in neuroendocrine-like and/or protein-based double-negative tumours. TROP2- and NECTIN-4-negative tumours included one sarcomatoid and four neuroendocrine aUC. FGFR3 alterations and PD-L1 expression on tumour and immune cells did not associate with TROP2 or NECTIN-4 expression. CONCLUSIONS: TACSTD2/TROP2 and NECTIN-4/NECTIN-4 are widely expressed in aUC, independent of FGFR3 alterations or PD-L1 expression, thus representing a suitable target for ADC treatment in the majority of aUC. The expression loss was associated with aggressive morphomolecular aUC subtypes, i.e. neuroendocrine(-like) and sarcomatoid aUC.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Transicionales , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Nectinas/genética , Antígeno B7-H1 , Estudios Retrospectivos , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Receptor Tipo 3 de Factor de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/genética
15.
Haematologica ; 109(4): 1107-1120, 2024 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37731380

RESUMEN

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy that frequently relapses, even if remission can be achieved with intensive chemotherapy. One known relapse mechanism is the escape of leukemic cells from immune surveillance. Currently, there is no effective immunotherapy for AML because of the lack of specific antigens. Here, we aimed to elucidate the association between CD155 and CD112 in AML cell lines and primary AML samples and determine the therapeutic response. Briefly, we generated NK-92 cell lines (NK-92) with modified DNAX-associated molecule 1 (DNAM-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), which are receptors of CD155 and CD112, respectively. Analysis of 200 cases of AML indicated that the survival of patients with high expression of CD112 was shorter than that of patients with low expression. NK-92 DNAM-1 exhibited enhanced cytotoxic activity against AML cell lines and primary cells derived from patients with AML. DNAM-1 induction in NK-92 cells enhanced the expression of cytotoxicity-related genes, thus overcoming the inhibitory activity of TIGIT. Between CD155 and CD112, CD112 is an especially important target for natural killer (NK)-cell therapy of AML. Using a xenograft model, we confirmed the enhanced antitumor effect of NK-92 DNAM-1 compared with that of NK-92 alone. We also discovered that CD112 (Nectin-2), an immune checkpoint molecule belonging to the Nectin/Nectin-like family, functions as a novel target of immunotherapy. In conclusion, modification of the DNAM-1/CD112 axis in NK cells may be an effective novel immunotherapy for AML. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the levels of expression of these molecules are potential prognostic markers in AML.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Punto de Control Inmunitario , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Nectinas , Proteínas de Punto de Control Inmunitario/metabolismo , Células Asesinas Naturales , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Receptores Inmunológicos , Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/metabolismo
16.
FASEB J ; 37(6): e22970, 2023 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37184041

RESUMEN

Nectin-like family members (Necls) are involved in synaptic organization. In contrast to that of Necl-2/CADM1/SynCAM1, which is critical in synaptic events, investigation of Necl-4/CADM4/SynCAM4 in synapses has largely lagged behind given the particularity of homophilic self-interactions compared to interactions with other Necls. We sought to further understand the role of Necl-4 in synapses and found that knockout of Necl-4 led to aberrant expression levels of proteins mediating synaptic function in cortex homogenates and augmented accumulation of ionotropic glutamate receptor in postsynaptic density fractions, although a compensatory effect of Necl-1 on the expression levels existed. Concurrently, we also found increased synaptic clefts in the cortex and simplified dendritic morphology of primary cultured cortical neurons. Experiments on individual behaviors suggested that compared to their wild-type littermates, Necl-4-KO mice exhibited impaired acquisition of spatial memory and working memory and enhanced behavioral despair and anxiety-like behavior. These findings suggest that Necl-4 mediates synaptic function and related behaviors through an indispensable role and offer a new perspective about collaboration and specialization among Necls.


Asunto(s)
Moléculas de Adhesión Celular , Neuronas , Ratones , Animales , Nectinas/genética , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Sinapsis/metabolismo
17.
Mol Pharm ; 21(9): 4430-4440, 2024 Sep 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39069891

RESUMEN

Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (Nectin-4) is overexpressed in various malignant tumors and has emerged as a promising target for tumor imaging. Bicyclic peptides, known for their conformational rigidity, metabolic stability, and membrane permeability, are ideal tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of visualizing Nectin-4-positive tumors using radiolabeled bicyclic peptide derivatives and optimized the pharmacokinetics of radiotracers by introducing PEG chains of different lengths. Five PEGylated radiotracers radiolabeled with 68Ga3+ exhibited high radiochemical purity and stability. As the chain length increased, the Log D values decreased from -2.32 ± 0.13 to -2.50 ± 0.16, indicating a gradual increase in the hydrophilicity of the radiotracers. In vitro cell-binding assay results showed that the PEGylated bicyclic peptide exhibits nanomolar affinity, and blocking experiments confirmed the specific binding of the tracers to the Nectin-4 receptor. In vivo PET imaging and biodistribution studies in SW780 and 5637 xenograft mice showed that [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEG12-BP demonstrated optimal pharmacokinetics, characterized by rapid and good tumor uptake, faster background clearance, and improved tumor-to-tissue contrast. Finally, compared with 18F-FDG, PET imaging, in vivo blocking assays of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEG12-BP and histological staining confirmed that specific tumor uptake was mediated by Nectin-4 receptors. The results indicated that [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEG12-BP was a promising PET radiotracer for Nectin-4 targeting, with applications for clinical translation.


Asunto(s)
Radioisótopos de Galio , Polietilenglicoles , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Animales , Radioisótopos de Galio/farmacocinética , Radioisótopos de Galio/química , Ratones , Humanos , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Polietilenglicoles/química , Distribución Tisular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Ratones Desnudos , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Radiofármacos/química , Femenino , Péptidos/química , Péptidos/farmacocinética , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Nectinas
18.
Am J Hematol ; 99(1): 113-123, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38009642

RESUMEN

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that significantly contributes to childhood cancer burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria, is geographically associated with BL, but the evidence remains insufficient for causal inference. Inference could be strengthened by demonstrating that mendelian genes known to protect against malaria-such as the sickle cell trait variant, HBB-rs334(T)-also protect against BL. We investigated this hypothesis among 800 BL cases and 3845 controls in four East African countries using genome-scan data to detect polymorphisms in 22 genes known to affect malaria risk. We fit generalized linear mixed models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), controlling for age, sex, country, and ancestry. The ORs of the loci with BL and P. falciparum infection among controls were correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.37, p = .039). HBB-rs334(T) was associated with lower P. falciparum infection risk among controls (OR = 0.752, 95% CI 0.628-0.9; p = .00189) and BL risk (OR = 0.687, 95% CI 0.533-0.885; p = .0037). ABO-rs8176703(T) was associated with decreased risk of BL (OR = 0.591, 95% CI 0.379-0.992; p = .00271), but not of P. falciparum infection. Our results increase support for the etiological correlation between P. falciparum and BL risk.


Asunto(s)
Linfoma de Burkitt , Malaria Falciparum , Malaria , Rasgo Drepanocítico , Humanos , África Oriental , Alelos , Linfoma de Burkitt/epidemiología , Linfoma de Burkitt/genética , Malaria Falciparum/epidemiología , Malaria Falciparum/genética , Malaria Falciparum/complicaciones , Rasgo Drepanocítico/epidemiología , Rasgo Drepanocítico/genética , Rasgo Drepanocítico/complicaciones , Nectinas/metabolismo
19.
Fish Shellfish Immunol ; 150: 109650, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38788912

RESUMEN

Nectins are adhesion molecules that play a crucial role in the organization of epithelial and endothelial junctions and function as receptors for the entry of herpes simplex virus. However, the role of Nectin4 remains poorly understood in fish. In this study, nectin4 gene was cloned from medaka (OlNectin4). OlNectin4 was located on chromosome 18 and contained 11 exons, with a total genome length of 25754 bp, coding sequences of 1689 bp, coding 562 amino acids and a molecular weight of 65.5 kDa. OlNectin4 contained four regions, including an Immunoglobulin region, an Immunoglobulin C-2 Type region, a Transmembrane region and a Coiled coil region. OlNectin4 shared 47.18 % and 25.00 % identity to Paralichthys olivaceus and Mus musculus, respectively. In adult medaka, the transcript of nectin4 was predominantly detected in gill. During red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection, overexpression of OlNectin4 in GE cells significantly increased viral gene transcriptions. Meanwhile, Two mutants named OlNectin4△4 (+4 bp) and OlNectin4△7 (-7 bp) medaka were established using CRISPR-Cas9 system. Nectin4-KO medaka had higher mortality than WT after infected with RGNNV. Moreover, the expression of RGNNV RNA2 gene in different tissues of the Nectin4-KO were higher than WT medaka after challenged with RGNNV. The brain and eye of Nectin4-KO medaka which RGNNV mainly enriched, exhibited significantly higher expression of interferon signaling genes than in WT. Taken together, the OlNectin4 plays a complex role against RGNNV infection by inducing interferon responses for viral clearance.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces , Proteínas de Peces , Nectinas , Nodaviridae , Oryzias , Infecciones por Virus ARN , Animales , Oryzias/genética , Oryzias/inmunología , Nodaviridae/fisiología , Infecciones por Virus ARN/veterinaria , Infecciones por Virus ARN/inmunología , Nectinas/genética , Nectinas/inmunología , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Proteínas de Peces/inmunología , Proteínas de Peces/química , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/virología , Filogenia , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Alineación de Secuencia/veterinaria , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/veterinaria
20.
J Cutan Pathol ; 51(5): 360-367, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38200650

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody-drug conjugate directed against Nectin-4 that is used to treat urothelial carcinoma. Nectin-4 is inherently expressed in the skin and adnexal structures. Since therapeutic options for cutaneous adnexal carcinomas are limited, we sought to evaluate Nectin-4 expression in adnexal carcinomas and benign adnexal neoplasms to identify tumors that are potentially targetable with EV. METHODS: Eight sebaceous carcinomas (seven periocular and one lymph node metastasis), eight digital papillary adenocarcinomas, seven squamoid eccrine ductal carcinomas, eight poromas, eight trichilemmomas, and seven sebaceous adenomas were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for anti-Nectin-4 antibody. H-scores for Nectin-4 expression were calculated. RESULTS: Benign adnexal neoplasms had a significantly lower mean (±SD) Nectin-4 H-score (142.6 ± 39.1) than did the adnexal carcinomas (198 ± 90.8; p = 0.006). Nectin-4 was expressed in 91% (21/23) of adnexal carcinomas. Sebaceous carcinomas frequently exhibited high expression of Nectin-4 (88% [7/8]), with a mean (±SD) H-score (258.1 ± 58.4) significantly higher than those for digital papillary adenocarcinomas (197.5 ± 52.5; p = 0.035) and squamoid eccrine ductal carcinomas (131.4 ± 114.1; p = 0.031). Sebaceous carcinomas also had significantly higher H-scores than did sebaceous adenomas (186.4 ± 25.0; p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Increased Nectin-4 expression in a subset of cutaneous adnexal carcinomas, particularly sebaceous carcinomas, reveals that EV is a potential therapeutic option for these tumors.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma Papilar , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Nectinas , Neoplasias de Anexos y Apéndices de Piel , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Adenoma , Carcinoma Ductal , Carcinoma de Apéndice Cutáneo , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales , Neoplasias de Anexos y Apéndices de Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sebáceas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/tratamiento farmacológico
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