[Optimization of the puncture treatment method for acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis]. / Optimizatsiya metoda punktsionnogo lecheniya ostrogo bakterial'nogo verkhnechelyustnogo sinusita.

OBJECTIVE: Optimization of the method of puncture treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis (ABMS) through the development of original devices for drainage of the maxillary sinus (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Registration and comparative analysis of the results of puncture methods of treatment of 120 patients with ABMS using developed new original devices for drainage of MS with one channels and with two channels in comparison with the Kulikovsky's needle (KN) was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, the effectiveness of the original devices was assessed. During the clinical study, patients were divided into two groups: in group I, patients underwent of the MS puncture using KN, in group II, using original devices. Groups I and II, depending on the absence or presence of a block of the natural anastomosis MS, was divided into subgroups A and B, respectively. After puncture of the MS, the pain syndrome was assessed by patients using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and by doctors - using Touch Visual Pain (TVP) scale. RESULTS: Our study showed that when puncturing the upper jaw with an original needle with one channels and with two channels, compared with the use of KN, there is a decrease in pain (the average VAS score was 1.5±0.3 and 1.7±0.3 points, respectively; the average TVP scale score was 0.9±0.2 and 1.8±0.3 points, respectively, the difference is significant, p≤0.05). Patients of subgroup IB were manipulated with two KN, patients of subgroup IIB manipulated using the original device with two channels without an additional needle (the average VAS score was 3.0±0.4 and 1.3±0.3 points, respectively; the average TVP scale score was 2.7±0.4 and 1.0±0.2 points, respectively, the difference is significant, p≤0.05). The doctors also assessed the devices used for puncture of the upper jaw. As a result of the study, the high efficiency and safety of using new original devices was established.

Tendencias de punción extrapapilar en nefrolitotomía percutánea. Revisión de la literatura / Percutaneous nephrolithotomy non–papiilary puncture trends. A review of the literature

La nefrolitotomía percutánea (NLPC) es el tratamiento de referencia para los cálculos renales de gran tamaño. Aunque tradicionalmente la punción dirigida a la papila renal ha sido la piedra angular de este tratamiento, se han desarrollado tendencias de punción en sitios distintos de la papila renal que han despertado interés en este contexto. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la evolución del acceso extrapapilar para la NLPC a lo largo de los años. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura y se incluyeron 13 publicaciones en el estudio. Se encontraron 2estudios experimentales que investigaban la viabilidad del acceso extrapapilar, 5estudios prospectivos de cohortes, 2retrospectivos sobre el acceso extrapapilar y 4estudios que comparaban el acceso papilar con el extrapapilar. La técnica de acceso extrapapilar ha demostrado ser una solución segura y eficaz capaz de adaptarse a las últimas tendencias endoscópicas. El uso generalizado de esta técnica es previsible en el futuro. (AU)

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the gold standard of treatment for large renal calculi. Papillary puncture is the mainstay of treatment for large renal calculi, but the non-papilary has been introduced and gained some interest. The aim of this study is the investigation of trends of non-papillary access for PCNL over the years. A review of the literature took place and 13 publications were included in the study. Two experimental studies investigating the feasibility of non-papillary access were found. Five cohort prospective and 2retrospective studies for non-papillary access and 4comparative studies between papillary and non-papillary access were included. Non papillary access is a technique that has been proved as a safe and efficient solution that keeps up with the latest endoscopic trends. A wider use of this method could be expected in the future. (AU)

Vascular access: the impact of ultrasonography / Acesso vascular: o impacto da ultrassonografia

ABSTRACT Vascular punctures are often necessary in critically ill patients. They are secure, but not free of complications. Ultrasonography enhances safety of the procedure by decreasing puncture attempts, complications and costs. This study reviews important publications and the puncture technique using ultrasound, bringing part of the experience of the intensive care unit of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo (SP), Brazil, and discussing issues that should be considered in future studies.

RESUMO Punções vasculares são muitas vezes necessárias em pacientes gravemente enfermos. São seguras, mas não isentas de complicações. A ultrassonografia associada à técnica de punção gera diminuição do número de tentativas, de complicações e de custos. O presente artigo revisou importantes publicações sobre o tema, bem como técnicas de punções, trazendo parte da experiência do centro de terapia intensiva de adultos do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, em São Paulo (SP) e discutindo tópicos que devem ser melhor explorados em estudos futuros.

Brinquedo terapêutico no procedimento de punção venosa: estratégia para reduzir alterações comportamentais / Juguete terapéutico durante el procedimiento de punción venosa: estrategia para reducir alteraciones de comportamiento / Therapeutic toy during the procedure of venipuncture: a strategy to reduce behavioral changes

Introdução: A enfermagem pediátrica deve estar atenta aos subsídios da assistência que tornem possível um melhor manejo da dor e da ansiedade oriundas da hospitalização infantil, geralmente, causadas pela realização de procedimentos invasivos como a punção venosa. O uso do Brinquedo Terapêutico Instrucional (BTI) pode representar uma intervenção eficaz para lidar com os efeitos negativos da hospitalização. Objetivo: Comparar as reações manifestadas pela criança frente ao preparo para punção venosa antes e após o uso do BTI. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa é analítica, exploratória e de abordagem quantitativa. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste de McNemar. A amostra consistiu de 21 crianças hospitalizadas, pré-escolares e escolares, a coleta deu-se entre junho e agosto de 2012, em unidade de internação pediátrica do Crato, CE (Brasil). Resultados e Discussão: Após o uso do BTI, observou-se uma redução na frequência de variáveis comportamentais que indicam menor adaptação ao procedimento, com significância estatística em especial para: “Solicita a presença Materna” e “Evita olhar para o Profissional” (p<0,001). A realização das sessões também potencializou a frequência de, praticamente, todos os comportamentos associados a uma melhor aceitação ao preparo ou realização da punção venosa, com destaque para “Observa o Profissional” (p<0,001) e “Sorri” (p<0,005). Conclusões: O BTI constitui relevante intervenção para a enfermagem pediátrica, sendo necessário, para sua aplicação sistematizada, articular ações que visem uma maior sensibilização dos órgãos gestores dos serviços de pediatria, maior capacitação dos profissionais envolvidos e melhor abordagem do ensino do brinquedo terapêutico nos cursos de graduação de enfermagem.

Introducción: La enfermería pediátrica debe conocer los recursos de asistencia que permitan mejor manejo del dolor y la ansiedad ocasionada de una hospitalización infantil, generalmente, causadas por realización de procedimientos invasivos, como la punción venosa. El uso del Juego Terapéutico Instruccional (JTI) puede representar una intervención eficaz para hacer frente a efectos negativos de la hospitalización. Objetivo: Comparar las reacciones manifestadas por el niño sometido a punción venosa antes y después del uso del JTI. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio es analítico, exploratorio y cuantitativo. Para el análisis de datos se empleó el test de McNemar. La muestra consistió en 21 niños hospitalizados, pre-escolares y escolares, la recolección de datos ocurrió entre junio y agosto de 2012 en unidad pediátrica de Crato, CE (Brasil). Resultados y Discusión: Después del uso del JTI, se observó una reducción en la frecuencia de las variables de comportamiento que indican una adaptación menor al procedimiento de punción venosa, estadísticamente significativo: “Solicita la presencia Materna” y “Evita mirar el Profesional” (p <0,001). La realización de las sesiones también potencializó la frecuencia de prácticamente todos los comportamientos asociados a una mejor aceptación a la preparación o realización de la punción venosa: “Observa el Profesional” (p <0,001) y “Sonríe” (p <0,005). Conclusiones: El JTI constituye una intervención relevante para la enfermería pediátrica, siendo necesario para su aplicación, articular acciones destinadas a aumentar la sensibilización entre los administradores de los servicios de pediatría, mayor capacitación de los profesionales y un mejor abordaje en la educación del juguete terapéutico en los pregrados de enfermería.

Introduction: Pediatric nurses should always be attentive to the care subsidies that make possible a better control of pain and anxiety generated by infant hospitalization. Generally, these adverse feeling in children are caused by the realization of intrusive procedures, such as venipuncture. The use of the Therapeutic Toy Instructional (TTI) may represent an effective intervention to deal with the negatives effects of hospitalization. Objective: To compare the reactions expressed by the child, exposed to venipuncture, before and after the use of TTI. Materials and Methods: The research is analytical, exploratory and quantitative approach. For analysis of the data was employed the McNemar test. The sample consisted of 21 hospitalized children, pre-school and school ages, the process of data was collected between June and August of 2012 in a pediatric unit from Crato, CE (Brazil). Results and Discussion: After using the TTI, there was a reduction in frequency of behavioral variables that indicate less adaptation to the procedure, particularly for “Require the presence of mother" and "Try not to look for the Professional" (p <0.001). The realization of the sessions also increased the frequency of many behaviors associated with better acceptance of the procedure, especially: "Look for the Professional" (p <0.001) and "Smile" (p <0.005). Conclusions: The TTI is a relevant intervention for pediatric nursing; to use it in a systematic way is needed: planning actions aimed at increasing awareness among managers of pediatric services, better training of professionals and the inclusion of teaching of therapeutic toy in nursing courses.

Dispositivo de fijación, cierre y acoplamiento para catéter de perfusión intravenosa / Fixing device for closing and coupling an intravenous catheter

Introducción: los medios de fijación a la piel de un catéter venoso periférico, de un catéter venoso central o de un catéter arterial central presentan los siguientes graves inconvenientes: ser la sede de infecciones a nivel del lugar de la punción, provocar una saturación de la zona anatómica, la cual resulta muy difícil de soportar e incómodo para el paciente portador, y suponer un riesgo para el personal de enfermería cuando se usan hilos de sutura para fijar el soporte del catéter. Objetivo: por lo anteriormente expuesto, se ha detectado la necesidad de diseñar un dispositivo que reduzca la complejidad y aparatosidad de los sistemas conocidos y empleados en la actualidad, favoreciendo la asepsia y la movilidad del paciente. Método: el desarrollo presentado en este artículo se refiere a un sistema mecánico de fijación, cierre y acoplamiento para catéter de perfusión intravenosa. El sistema dispone de una pieza circular de pequeño espesor con al menos dos orificios para su fijación subcutánea, centralmente de uno o más conductos para acoplar lúmenes, y de una parte cilíndrica hueca que sobresale a uno de los lados, exteriormente roscada e interiormente lisa con un tetón de posición. Para uso domiciliario se dispone de un tapón de estanqueidad con uno o más tubos de pequeño diámetro que se acoplan en los orificios para lúmenes, una ranura de posición, un tirador y un tapón roscado ciego para el cierre hermético con la parte roscada. Para uso hospitalario se dispone de un tapón intermedio con una o más entradas para lúmenes, así como de un tapón roscado hueco que permite su acoplamiento hermético con la parte roscada. Resultados: el desarrollo descrito en este artículo va a ser utilizado en dos ambientes: ambiente domiciliario y ambiente hospitalario. Además, reduce el riesgo de infección y saturación de la zona anatómica de los pacientes en los que se realiza la punción cutánea en la que se fijan catéteres venosos periféricos, catéteres venosos centrales o catéteres arteriales centrales (AU)

Introduction: skin fixing devices in peripheral, central or arterial catheters have several important drawbacks: site infection, stacking of material in the anatomical area which is very annoying for the patient and medical staff risk when fixating stitches are used. Objective: to develop a fixing device that simplifies presently used systems, favoring asepsis and motility. Methods: the device herein described is composed by a mechanical fixation, a closing system and coupling for intravenous catheters. The system has a thin circular piece with at least two holes for subcutaneous fixation, one or several conducts for lumina and a hollow cylindrical part in one side, screwed exteriorly and flat inside, with an oriented protuberance. A watertight plug with one or several thin tubes that adapt to the lumina, a positional slot, a handle and a solid screwed tap for perfect closure are available for at home use. An intermediate plug with one or several lumina and a screwed hollow plug are provided for in hospital use. Results: the above described device is intended to be used in two settings: in hospital and at home. It is supposed to reduce the risk of infection and stacking of the anatomical site where cutaneo us puncture with fixation of peripheral, central or arterial catheters is performed (AU)

Robot-assisted needle insertion for venous catheterization / Injeção-robô para cateterismo venoso

Vein access can be challenging for a variety of patients. The development of robots-assisted central or peripheral veins puncture would facilitate life of health professionals and patients. New robots are under development for this purpose and probably they will become available for practical use in the near future. These techniques may decrease significantly the cost of medicine, which currently uses less informatics resources than other industries.

O acesso venoso pode ser difícil em muitos pacientes. O desenvolvimento de robôs com capacidade de puncionar veias centrais ou periféricas pode facilitar a vida dos profissionais de saúde e dos pacientes. Novos robôs estão sendo desenvolvidos para essa finalidade e, provavelmente, entrarão em uso na prática clínica em um futuro próximo. Técnicas como estas poderão baixar progressivamente o custo em medicina, que, atualmente, tem usado menos recursos de informática que outras áreas.

Percutaneous puncture of renal calyxes guided by a novel device coupled with ultrasound

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of a novel device coupled with ultrassound for renal percutaneous puncture. Materials and Methods: After establishing hydronephrosis, ten pigs had three calyxes of each kidney punctured by the same urology resident, with and without the new device ("Punctiometer"). Time for procedure completion, number of attempts to reach the calyx, puncture precision and puncture complications were recorded in both groups and compared. Results: Puncture success on the first attempt was achieved in 25 punctures (83%) with the Punctiometer and in 13 punctures (43%) without the Punctiometer (p=0.011). The mean time required to perform three punctures in each kidney was 14.5 minutes with the Punctiometer and 22.4 minutes without the Punctiometer (p=0.025). The only complications noted were renal hematomas. In the Punctiometer group, all kidneys had small hematomas. In the no Punctiometer group 80% had small hematomas, 10% had a medium hematoma and 10% had a big hematoma. There was no difference in complications between both groups. Conclusions: The Punctiometer is an effective device to increase the likelihood of an accurate renal calyx puncture during PCNL, with a shorter time required to perform the procedure.

Does a small size needle puncture cause intervertebral disc changes?

PURPOSE:Small size needles have been regularly used for intradiscal injection of innocuous/potential therapeutic compounds in experimental conditions, but also in clinic procedures, such as discography. Our aim was to investigate if a 30-gauge needle could trigger observable changes on intact intervertebral discs. We compared these effects to those induced by a large size needle (21-gauge), a well-known intervertebral disc degenerative model based on needle puncture.METHODS:Coccygeal intervertebral discs (Co8-9) of adult male Wistar rats were punctured with a 21-gauge needle, while the coccygeal levels Co7-8 and Co9-10 remained intact. The 30-gauge needle was used to inject a safe volume of saline (2 µl) on both intact (Co9-10) and punctured (Co8-9) discs. MRI and histological score were performed at 2, 15 and 42 days after procedure.RESULTS: MRI analyses revealed significant reduction on signal intensity of 21-gauge punctured discs. Intact discs which received a saline injection through a 30-gauge needle also revealed significant alterations in the MRI signal when compared with control discs. No histological changes were observed in the intact saline injected discs at any time analyzed.CONCLUSION: Since significant intervertebral image changes were observed with a 30-gauge needle, cautious interpretation of the pharmacological inoculation findings is required.

A Novel method of ensuring safe and accurate dilatation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy

ABSTRACT Objective: To report our technique that helps locate the guidewire into the ureter enabling safe dilatation during PCNL. Materials and Methods: Cases in which the guidewire failed to pass into the ureter following successful puncture of the desired calyx were subjected to this technique. A second guidewire was passed through the outer sheath of a 9 Fr. metallic dilator cannula, passed over the first guidewire. The cannula and outer sheath were removed, followed by percutaneous passage of a 6/7.5 Fr ureteroscope between the two guidewires, monitoring its progress through both the endoscopic and fluoroscopic monitors. Once the stone was visualized in the calyx a guidewire was passed through the working channel and maneuvered past the stone into the pelvis and ureter under direct endoscopic vision. This was followed by routine tract dilatation. Results: This technique was employed in 85 out of 675 cases of PCNL carried out at our institute between Jan 2010 to June 2014. The mean time required for our technique, calculated from the point of introduction of the ureteroscope untill the successful passage of the guidewire down into the ureter was 95 seconds. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications as a result of this technique. Guidewire could be successfully passed into the ureter in 82 out of 85 cases. Conclusions: Use of the ureteroscope introduced percutaneously through the puncture site in PCNL, is a safe and effective technique that helps in maneuvering the guidewire down into the ureter, which subsequently enables safe dilatation.

Citodiagnóstico en otorrinolaringología: diez años de experiencia en el Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau 2001 a 2010 / Citodiagnostic in otorhinolaryngology: ten years of experience in Barros Luco Hospital 2001 to 2010

Introducción: Dentro del estudio diagnóstico de pacientes con masa cervical la punción por aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) es una herramienta útil debido a su facilidad y seguridad. Objetivo: Evaluar el rendimiento de las PAAF realizadas en nuestro servicio en los últimos diez años. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se obtuvieron los datos de pacientes sometidos a PAAF en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau entre los años 2001 a 2010 y se correlacionaron con las biopsias definitivas atingentes. Resultados: Se realizaron 197 PAAF, de las cuales 140 (71%) fueron aptas para estudio citológico y 77 tenían biopsias concomitantes. Se obtuvo una sensibilidad de 46°%, especificidad de 85°%, valor predictivo positivo de 74°% y valorpredictivo negativo de 62°%. La localización para la cual se obtuvo un mejor rendimiento de la técnica fue para glándulas salivales y los diagnósticos con mejor rendimiento fueron carcinoma escamoso y tumor mixto. Discusión: La PAAFes una herramienta subutilizada. Obtuvimos una alta tasa de muestras insuficientes para estudio diagnóstico y, en nuestro medio, es útil para descartar neo-plasia maligna en masas de glándulas salivales y metástasis de carcinoma escamoso.

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an useful tool for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with a cervical mass, because of its feasibility and safety. Aim: To determine the accuracy of FNA cytology in our hospital over the last ten years. Material and method: A retrospective and descriptive study. Data were obtained from patients undergoing FNA in the Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau from 2001 to 2010 and compared with the corresponding histology report of the original surgical specimen. Results: A total of 197 FNA procedures were performed in 143 patients. A definite cytological diagnosis was made in 140 patients (71%%). 77 patients had corresponding histology samples. The sensitivity was 46%%, specificity 85%%, positive predictive value 74% and negative predictive value 62%. The location for which we obtained a better performance of the technique was in salivary glands and the best performing diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. Discussion: FNA is an underused diagnostic tool with a high rate of non diagnostic samples. It is useful to rule out malignancy in salivary gland masses and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in lymph nodes.

Manejo del hydrops corneal mediante aire y micropunciones / Management of corneal hydrops using air and micro-punctures

CASO CLÍNICO: Mujer de 22 años con hydrops corneal agudo y rotura de la membrana de Descemet. Se trató mediante una inyección de aire intracamerular combinada con múltiples incisiones intraestromales para conseguir el drenaje del líquido intraestromal. No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias y el líquido intraestromal desapareció a las 2 semanas. DISCUSIÓN: El hydrops corneal agudo es una importante complicación del queratocono. Sin tratamiento, se puede resolver en un período de 2 a 4 meses. El edema persistente puede causar complicaciones tales como neovascularización corneal, infección y perforación

CASE REPORT: A 22-year- old woman with an acute hydrops and Descemet membrane detachment was managed by intracameral air injection combined with multiple corneal stromal venting incisions for the drainage of intrastromal fluid. No intraoperative complications were encountered, and the intrastromal fluid was resolved over 2 weeks. DISCUSSION: Acute corneal hydrops is a significant complication of keratoconus. If not treated, resolution usually occurs over a period of 2-4 months. The persistent oedema can cause complications, such as corneal neovascularisation, infection and corneal perforation

Cómo reducir los riesgos de la punción venosa periférica con un nuevo catéter de sistema cerrado / How to reduce the risks of the peripheral venous puncture with a new closed system catheter

En el presente artículo se exponen algunas de las complicaciones asociadas a la terapia endovenosa por vía periférica y se describen las características de un catéter de sistema cerrado, que consigue mejorar la seguridad tanto de los pacientes como de los profesionales sanitarios. El catéter dispone en su interior de una membrana antirreflujo que mejora su manipulación, y un novedoso sistema de conexión, con una gran plataforma de fijación, que reduce las complicaciones relacionadas con una sujeción deficiente. Además, está dotado de un dispositivo de seguridad de activación automática que protege de forma inmediata y eficaz, lo que elimina el riesgo de pinchazos accidentales (AU)

This article explains some complications associated with peripheral intravenous venipuncture and also describes the characteristics of a closed system catheter providing an improved safety, both for patient and health care professional. The catheter is designed with a multi-access septum providing a closed-system and with a new hub including a stabilisation platform for better fixation in order to reduce any complication resulting from insufficient fixation. Additionally it is a passive safety device that automatically protects from the risk of needle stick injuries (AU)

Actuación ante una lesión percutanea contaminada con sangre / Managemetn of blood-contaminated percutaneous injury

Analizamos en este artículo las normas fundamentales para la prevención de las punciones accidentales por parte de los trabajadores sanitarios, así como los pasos a seguir una vez que se ha producido la punción accidental

In the current paper we have assessed the main guidelines for prevention of accidental puntures by helthcare workers as well s the recommended steps to follow once the punture has occurred

Dispositivos técnicos en la asistencia a pacientes críticos en emergencias extrahospitalarias / Technical devices in the medical care of critical patients in extra-hospital emergencies

En el presente artículo se analizan las ventajas que en la práctica asistencial de la Enfermería de emergencias aportan cuatro dispositivos en aras de conseguir unos estándares de calidad inimaginables hace una década. La evidencia científica y la excelencia profesional se dan la mano en el manejo del paciente crítico. Así, en escenarios en los que se precisa un Soporte Vital Avanzado (SVA), los cardiocompresores torácicos, dispositivos de punción intraósea, bombas de infusión de emergenciacompactas y dispositivos facilitadores de la visualización vascular en la canalización de vías venosas periféricas, aportan una inestimable ayuda que viene a facilitar de forma evidente la labor del profesional enfermero en el ámbito de la emergencia prehospitalaria. Cabe esperar una presencia cada vez más generalizada de los cuatro dispositivos descritos, independientemente del modelo de que se trate, en el manejo del paciente crítico por parte de los profesionales de Enfermería, tanto de forma autónoma como de forma multidisciplinar (AU)

The present paper analyses the advantages that four devices provide in emergency nursing practice with a view to achieve quality standards that were unimaginable ten years ago. Scientific evidence and professional excellence go hand in hand in the management of the critical patient. Hence, in scenarios in which advance life support (ALS) is required, thoracic cardiocompressors, intraosseous access devices, compact emergency infusion pumps and devices that facilitate vascular visualization in peripheral vein canalisation, are of invaluable help as theyclearly facilitate the work of the nursing professional in the field of extrahospital and prehospital emergency care. A more and more generalized presence of the four mentioned devices, regardless of the modelin question, can be expected in the management of the critical patient by the nursing professional, both autonomously as in a multidisciplinary manner (AU)

Efecto del calibre de la aguja sobre la eficacia de la hemodiálisis / Effect of the needle calibre on the efficiency of haemodialysis

Uno de los factores íntimamente relacionados con el aclaramiento de solutos durante la HD es el flujo de sangre; para que éste sea el adecuado es importante considerar el calibre de la aguja. Estudiamos el efecto de los cambios del calibre de la aguja sobre la eficacia de la DH considerando el tipo de acceso vascular. Se diseñó un estudio prospectivo en 66 pacientes en HD (48 con fístula nativa y 18 con protésica), en los que se modificó el calibre de la aguja. Se registró dolor, sangrado, tiempo de coagulación, presión venosa y KT/v. El uso de agujas 15G en la punción arterial mejora el aclaramiento de urea en las fístulas nativas pero no lo hace en las protésicas. El uso de agujas 14G provoca más episodios de dolor, sangrado periaguja y prolongación del tiempo de coagulación, por lo que recomendamos el uso de agujas15G para conseguir una mayor eficacia en la HD a flujos de 350 ml/min

One of the factors closely related to the clearance of solutes during HD is the blood flow; in order for the blood flow to be adequate, it is important to consider the needle calibre. We studied the effect of changes in needle calibre on the efficiency of HD, considering the type of vascular access. A prospective study in 66 HD patients was designed (48 with native fistula and 18 with con prosthetic), in which the needle calibre was modified. Pain, bleeding, coagulation times, vein pressure and Kt/V were recorded. The use of 15G needs in the arterial puncture improves the clearance of urea in native fistulas but not in the prosthetic fistulas. The use of 14G needles causes more episodes of pain, bleeding around the puncture site and prolongation of the coagulation time, and therefore we recommend the use of 15G needles to achieve greater efficiency in HD at flows of 350 ml/min

Complicaciones en el tratamiento percutáneo de la neuralgia de trigémino / No disponible

No disponible

Aporte de la ultrasonografía al resultado de la punción vesical suprapúbica en lactantes recién nacidos / Contribution of ultrasound to the results of suprapubic vesical puncture in infants and newborn infants

En un trabajo prospectivo, los investigadores demuestran como la técnica de la punción suprapúbica obtiene notable mejoría en su rendimiento al incorporar la ultrasonografía previal al procedimiento. Para ello efectúan 63 punciones vesicales a 54 pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de infección del tracto urinario. Obtuvieron rendimiento de un 100% cuando al medir el diámetro anteroposterior de la vejiga ecográficamente, éste superaba los 3,5 cm. La principal ventaja del método consiste en evitar un gran número de punciones vesicales destinadas al fracaso al efectuar el procedimiento a ciegas

Punción ecodirigida de la vena yugular interna por abordaje posterior / No disponible

No disponible

Grado de dolor al pinchar la fistula arteriovenosa con agujas congeladas comparando con agujas a temperatura ambiente / Level of pain in the arteriovenous fistula comparing frozen needles with room temperature needles

El dolor es una sensación subjetiva de malestar o sufrimiento que se origina como resultado de estimulaciones nocivas que indican daño tisular o enfermedad de cualquier tipo. Ocupa un lugar preeminente entre todas las experiencias sensoriales por medio de las cuales el hombre es consciente de que padece una enfermedad o está sufriendo una agresión externa, provocada por otra persona, sobre alguna parte de su cuerpo al realizar un tratamiento médico, produciendo dolor agudo. El objetivo principal del trabajo es comparar el grado de dolor al que es sometido el paciente cuando se punciona su fístula arteriovenosa (FA-VI) con agujas a distinta temperatura. El número de pacientes fueron 25. Las variables estudiadas: edad, sexo y tipo de acceso vascular no han sido estadísticamente significativas, por el contrario, en la comparación entre agujas a - 8°C y agujas a temperatura ambiente, si existe diferencia significativa en la intensidad del dolor que siente el paciente (AU)