Life-long Maternal Cafeteria Diet Promotes Tissue-Specific Morphological Changes in Male Offspring Adult Rats

ABSTRACT Here, we evaluated whether the exposure of rats to a cafeteria diet pre- and/or post-weaning, alters histological characteristics in the White Adipose Tissue (WAT), Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), and liver of adult male offspring. Female Wistar rats were divided into Control (CTL; fed on standard rodent chow) and Cafeteria (CAF; fed with the cafeteria diet throughout life, including pregnancy and lactation). After birth, only male offspring (F1) were maintained and received the CTL or CAF diets; originating four experimental groups: CTL-CTLF1; CTL-CAFF1; CAF-CTLF1; CAF-CAFF1. Data of biometrics, metabolic parameters, liver, BAT and WAT histology were assessed and integrated using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). According to PCA analysis worse metabolic and biometric characteristics in adulthood are associated with the post-weaning CAF diet compared to pre and post weaning CAF diet. Thus, the CTL-CAFF1 group showed obesity, higher deposition of fat in the liver and BAT and high fasting plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Interestingly, the association between pre and post-weaning CAF diet attenuated the obesity and improved the plasma levels of glucose and triglycerides compared to CTL-CAFF1 without avoiding the higher lipid accumulation in BAT and in liver, suggesting that the impact of maternal CAF diet is tissue-specific.

Regresión de tumor pardo en adenoma paratiroideo / Brown tumor regression in parathyroid adenoma

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Physical training improves thermogenesis and insulin pathway, and induces remodeling in white and brown adipose tissues

Physical training (PT) has been considered as a treatment in metabolic syndrome (MS), since it induces thermogenic activity in brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissues. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of PT on activity of WAT and BAT in rats with MS induced by high-fat diet (30% lard) for 13 weeks and submitted, for the last 6 weeks, to swimming or kept sedentary (SED) rats. MS-SED rats compared to control diet (CT-SED) rats showed low physical fitness and high levels of glucose, insulin, homeostasis evaluation of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis evaluation of the functional capacity of Beta-cells (HOMA-Beta), and blood pressure. The gastrocnemius muscle decreased in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and beta (PGC-1alfa, PGC-1beta), and uncoupled protein 2 and 3 (UCP2 and UCP3) expressions. Both WAT and BAT increased in the adipocyte area and decreased in blood vessels and fibroblast numbers. WAT increased in expression of pro-inflammatory adipokines and decreased in anti-inflammatory adipokine and adiponectin. WAT and gastrocnemius showed impairment in the insulin signaling pathway. In response to PT, MS rats showed increased physical fitness and restoration of certain biometric and biochemical parameters and blood pressure. PT also induced thermogenic modulations in skeletal muscle, WAT and BAT, and also improved the insulin signaling pathway. Collectively, PT was effective in treating MS by inducing improvement in physical fitness and interchangeable effects between skeletal muscle, WAT and BAT, suggesting a development of brown-like adipocyte cells

Effects of pterostilbene in brown adipose tissue from obese rats

In recent years, much attention has been paid by the scientific community to phenolic compounds as active biomolecules naturally present in foods. Pterostilbene is a resveratrol dimethylether derivative which shows higher bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of pterostilbene on brown adipose tissue thermogenic markers in a model of genetic obesity, which shows reduced thermogenesis. The experiment was conducted with 30 Zucker (fa/fa) rats that were distributed in three experimental groups: control and two groups orally administered with pterostilbene at 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight/day for 6 weeks. Gene expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1 α (Pgc-1α), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b (Cpt1b), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Pparα), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nfr1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2); protein expression of PPARα, PGC-1α, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), UCP1 and glucose transporter (GLUT4); and enzyme activity of CPT 1b and citrate synthase (CS) were assessed in interscapular brown adipose tissue. With the exception of Pgc-1α expression, all these parameters were significantly increased by pterostilbene administration. These results show for the first time that pterostilbene increases thermogenic and oxidative capacity of brown adipose tissue in obese rats. Whether these effects effectively contribute to the antiobesity properties of these compound needs further research

Hibernoma mediastínico con apariencia singular en tomografía computarizada / Mediastinal hibernoma: singular appearance on computed tomography

Los hibernomas son tumores benignos de grasa parda, muy poco frecuentes, cuya localización intratorácica es rara, y más aún en el mediastino. Presentamos un caso de hibernoma en una niña de 14 años, que se manifestó en la tomografía computarizada (TC) como una masa homogénea de densidad grasa situada en el mediastino anterior y, cuyas características microscópicas fueron las típicas de estos tumores. Hasta donde sabemos, esta apariencia en TC no ha sido nunca descrita en la bibliografía (AU)

Hibernomas are very uncommon benign tumors of brown fat; they are rarely located within the thorax and are even rarer in the mediastinum. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl with a hibernoma seen on CT as a homogeneous fat density mass located in the anterior mediastinum. Histological study revealed the typical microscopic characteristics of these tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these CT imaging characteristics in association with a hibernoma (AU)

Extenso patrón hipermetabólico por activación de la grasa parda en un paciente diagnosticado de paraganglioma para-vesical secretor de catecolaminas explorado mediante 18F-FDG PET/TC / Extensive hypermetabolic pattern of brown adipose tissue activation on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient diagnosed of catecholamine-secreting para-vesical paraganglioma

El uso generalizado de la exploración 18F-FDG PET-TC en pacientes de cáncer ha permitido demostrar la existencia de grasa parda metabólicamente activa, también llamada tejido adiposo pardo (TAP), en sujetos humanos adultos, y conocer su distribución anatómica in vivo. Como determinantes fisiológicos de la captación de 18F-FDG por el TAP se han identificado el sexo, la edad, la temperatura y el índice de masa corporal. Hemos observado una extensa activación del TAP, incluyendo la región mesentérica, en un paciente con un paranganglioma paravesical secretor de catecolaminas. La activación extensa del TAP podría ser secundaria a la estimulación adrenérgica por un exceso de la concentración de noradrenalina circulante (AU)

The widespread use of 18F-FDG PET-CT scanning in oncological patients has allowed to demonstrate the existence of metabolically active brown fat, also called brown adipose tissue (BAT), in adult humans, and specifying its anatomical distribution in vivo. As physiological determinants to BAT 18F-FDG uptake has been identified gender, age, temperature, and body mass index. We have observed extensive activation of the BAT, including the mesenteric region, in a patient with a catecholamine-secreting para-vesical paranganglioma. The extensive BAT activation could be secondary to adrenergic stimulation due to excess of circulating norepinephrine concentration (AU)

Hibernoma subescapular. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía / Subscapular hibernoma: a case report and literature review

Los hibernomas son tumores raros compuestos de grasa parda. La mayor base de datos encontrada contiene 170 casos. En humanos surge a partir de vestigios de la grasa parda fetal. La escisión incompleta puede tener como resultado el continuo crecimiento y recurrencia, incluso en tumores en apariencia benignos. Este caso fue un hallazgo quirúrgico que se detectó tras realizar la linfadenectomía axilar en un carcinoma de la mama derecha (AU)

Hibernomas are uncommon neoplasms composed of brown adipose tissue. The largest database found contains 170 cases. In humans, this type of tumor arises from the remnants of fetal brown adipose tissue. Incomplete excision may result in continued growth and recurrence, even in tumors appearing to be histologically benign. The interest of the case reported herein lies in detection of the tumor during axillary lymphadenectomy for a right breast carcinoma (AU)

Mielolipoma gigante: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Giant myelolipoma: case report and review of the literature

Mielolipomas são tumores benignos raros compostos por tecido adiposo maduro e por elementos hematopoiéticos. Geralmente são menores que 5 cm e assintomáticos, embora lesões maiores podem apresentar-se com dor ou hemorragia retroperitoneal. Descrevemos um caso de mielolipoma gigante, associado à hemorragia retroperitoneal após biópsia por punção com agulha fina

Tumores pardos: Dignóstico indirecto en pacientes paratiroidectomizados / Brown Tumors: Indirect diagnostic in parathiroidectomyzed patients

La principal causa de hiperparatiroidismo (HPT) secundario es la insuficiencia renal terminal, que frecuentemente precisa de cirugía para suc orrección. Tras esta cirugía aparece el síndrome de hueso hambriento, por el que aumentan las necesidades de calcio (Ca) y fósforo (P) en el organismo. Estas necesidades pueden preverse según los niveles de fosfatasa alcalina (FA) previos a la cirugía. En determinadas circunstancias, las necesidades reales exceden a las teóricas. Planteamos considerar como una de las posibles causas de esta mayor necesidad la existencia de tumores pardos. Aportamos dos casos que justifican esta pretensión

The main cause of secondary hyperparathyriodismis end-stage renal disease, that requires surgical correction in many cases. Hungry Bone Syndrome following parathyroidectomy can be recognized by hypocalcemia, that requires (extra) calcium and phosphorus administration. Serum alkaline phosphatase level before surgery is a good predictor of right quantity of calcium and phosphorus nedeed. However, real needs somethimes exceed theoretical ones. We consider brown tumor as one of fue possible reasons for this gap. We report cases which support it