Sequential classification of endocrine stages during reproductive aging in women: the FREEDOM study.
Menopause
; 12(3): 281-90, 2005.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-15879917
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
Reproductive aging involves complex endocrine changes affecting women's fertility, health, and well-being; however, understanding of the specific changes involved is limited by the lack of detailed quantitative studies. We undertook a thorough study with the aim of characterizing the different endocrine stages involved in female reproductive aging.DESIGN:
FREEDOM is a cohort study designed to determine the endocrine changes during reproductive aging in women. Here, we ascertained the different endocrine patterns in a representative population and developed a staging system. In this study, 112 women aged 30 to 58 years collected daily urine samples over a 6- to 18-month period and recorded their menstrual periods. A total of 36,786 samples were analyzed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, estrone 3-glucuronide, and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide.RESULTS:
A classification of five sequential endocrine stages of reproductive aging was developed stage 1, regular menstrual cycles with mean initial (day 1-5) FSH less than 5 IU/L; stage 2, regular cycles with FSH greater than 5 IU/L; stage 3, menstrual irregularity (with the appearance of "delayed-response cycles"); stage 4, acyclical ovarian activity with no evidence of ovulation and luteinization; and stage 5, ovarian quiescence and persistently raised gonadotropins. Distinct hormonal characteristics during the follicular and luteal phase were noted at each stage.CONCLUSION:
This classification provides a detailed insight into the endocrinology of reproductive aging in women that could be useful for both clinical guidance and personal health care.
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Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Ovario
/
Envejecimiento
/
Perimenopausia
/
Ciclo Menstrual
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Guideline
/
Incidence_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Menopause
Asunto de la revista:
GINECOLOGIA
Año:
2005
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Reino Unido