[Apoptosis and necrosis--two different ways leading to the same target]. / Apoptoza i martwica--dwie drogi do jednego celu.

ABSTRACT

Both apoptosis and necrosis lead to the same target, i.e. the death of the cell. However their mechanisms are different although they are evoked by similar factors. The differences between apoptosis and necrosis concern not only morphological features but also biochemical changes taking place in the cell. In the case of apoptotic death of cell, its intracellular content is not released and that is why inflammatory reaction, which is present in necrosis, is absent. In necrosis, defined as a passive death, majority of enzymes as well as metabolic tracts are lost and the released lysosome enzymes digest cellular components. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is an active process which requires supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and which is controlled by many genes. There are many factors that determine the kind of cell death. The most important of them seems to be the level of intracellular ATP connected with caspase activation. This is the reason why mitochondria are considered to be the main cell organelles, which determine the type of cell death. Disturbances in the flow of ions connected with the activation of specific ion channels as well as free oxygen radicals are of importance here, too.