The phospholipase C isozymes and their regulation.
Subcell Biochem
; 58: 61-94, 2012.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-22403074
ABSTRACT
The physiological effects of many extracellular neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors, and other stimuli are mediated by receptor-promoted activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and consequential activation of inositol lipid signaling pathways. These signaling responses include the classically described conversion of phosphatidylinositol(4,5)P(2) to the Ca(2+)-mobilizing second messenger inositol(1,4,5)P(3) and the protein kinase C-activating second messenger diacylglycerol as well as alterations in membrane association or activity of many proteins that harbor phosphoinositide binding domains. The 13 mammalian PLCs elaborate a minimal catalytic core typified by PLC-d to confer multiple modes of regulation of lipase activity. PLC-b isozymes are activated by Gaq- and Gbg-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and activation of PLC-g isozymes occurs through phosphorylation promoted by receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. PLC-e and certain members of the PLC-b and PLC-g subclasses of isozymes are activated by direct binding of small G proteins of the Ras, Rho, and Rac subfamilies of GTPases. Recent high resolution three dimensional structures together with biochemical studies have illustrated that the X/Y linker region of the catalytic core mediates autoinhibition of most if not all PLC isozymes. Activation occurs as a consequence of removal of this autoinhibition.
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Fosfolipasas de Tipo C
/
Sistemas de Mensajero Secundario
/
Regulación de la Expresión Génica
/
Proteínas de Unión al GTP Heterotriméricas
/
Células Eucariotas
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Subcell Biochem
Año:
2012
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos