Pathogenesis of Gram-Negative Bacteremia.
Clin Microbiol Rev
; 34(2)2021 06 16.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33692149
ABSTRACT
Gram-negative bacteremia is a devastating public health threat, with high mortality in vulnerable populations and significant costs to the global economy. Concerningly, rates of both Gram-negative bacteremia and antimicrobial resistance in the causative species are increasing. Gram-negative bacteremia develops in three phases. First, bacteria invade or colonize initial sites of infection. Second, bacteria overcome host barriers, such as immune responses, and disseminate from initial body sites to the bloodstream. Third, bacteria adapt to survive in the blood and blood-filtering organs. To develop new therapies, it is critical to define species-specific and multispecies fitness factors required for bacteremia in model systems that are relevant to human infection. A small subset of species is responsible for the majority of Gram-negative bacteremia cases, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii The few bacteremia fitness factors identified in these prominent Gram-negative species demonstrate shared and unique pathogenic mechanisms at each phase of bacteremia progression. Capsule production, adhesins, and metabolic flexibility are common mediators, whereas only some species utilize toxins. This review provides an overview of Gram-negative bacteremia, compares animal models for bacteremia, and discusses prevalent Gram-negative bacteremia species.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas
/
Bacteriemia
/
Acinetobacter baumannii
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Clin Microbiol Rev
Asunto de la revista:
MICROBIOLOGIA
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos