Updated Characterization of Poliovirus Transmission in Pakistan and Afghanistan and the Impacts of Different Outbreak Response Vaccine Options.
J Infect Dis
; 224(9): 1529-1538, 2021 11 16.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33885734
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Pakistan and Afghanistan remain the only reservoirs of wild poliovirus transmission. Prior modeling suggested that before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, plans to stop the transmission of serotype 1 wild poliovirus (WPV1) and persistent serotype 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) did not appear on track to succeed.METHODS:
We updated an existing poliovirus transmission and Sabin-strain oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) evolution model for Pakistan and Afghanistan to characterize the impacts of immunization disruptions and restrictions on human interactions (ie, population mixing) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also consider different options for responding to outbreaks and for preventive supplementary immunization activities (SIAs).RESULTS:
The modeling suggests that with some resumption of activities in the fall of 2020 to respond to cVDPV2 outbreaks and full resumption on 1 January 2021 of all polio immunization activities to pre-COVID-19 levels, Pakistan and Afghanistan would remain off-track for stopping all transmission through 2023 without improvements in quality.CONCLUSIONS:
Using trivalent OPV (tOPV) for SIAs instead of serotype 2 monovalent OPV offers substantial benefits for ending the transmission of both WPV1 and cVDPV2, because tOPV increases population immunity for both serotypes 1 and 2 while requiring fewer SIA rounds, when effectively delivered in transmission areas.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Poliomielitis
/
Vacuna Antipolio Oral
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Brotes de Enfermedades
/
Poliovirus
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COVID-19
Límite:
Humans
País/Región como asunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Infect Dis
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos