Gut microbiota, a potential cause of higher insulin sensitivity in children with Prader-Willi syndrome.

PURPOSE: Obesity is the main driving factor for comorbidities in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) patients due to overeating behaviors. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the etiology of obesity and associated comorbidities. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the fecal microbiota in Chinese patients with PWS and compare it to that of patients with obesity as well as healthy controls. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 35 PWS patients (PWS), 35 patients with obesity (OB), and 35 healthy controls (HC). Metagenomic sequencing was performed in stool samples. RESULTS: The composition of the fecal microbiota in PWS patients differed from that of participants in the OB and HC groups. It was characterized by increased Akkermansia Eubacterium, Eubacterium rectale, and Roseburia intestinalis and decreased Parabacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium. Additionally, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was lower in PWS patients than in patients with obesity. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that Achromobacter, Acidiphilium, Xylophilus, and Frisingicoccus were significantly negatively correlated with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION: The composition of the gut microbiota in Chinese PWS patients differed from that in patients with obesity, which might contribute to higher insulin sensitivity in PWS patients.