ABSTRACT
Worldwide, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have become emergent pathogens of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, with an estimated prevalence ranging from 5 to 20%. This work investigated the presence of NTM in sputum samples of 129 CF patients (2 to 18 years old) submitted to longitudinal clinical supervision at a regional reference center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From June 2009 to March 2012, 36 NTM isolates recovered from 10 (7.75%) out of 129 children were obtained. Molecular identification of NTM was performed by using PCR restriction analysis targeting the hsp65 gene (PRA-hsp65) and sequencing of the rpoB gene, and susceptibility tests were performed that followed Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. For evaluating the genotypic diversity, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and/or enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) was performed. The species identified were Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii (n = 24), M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (n = 6), Mycobacterium fortuitum (n = 3), Mycobacterium marseillense (n = 2), and Mycobacterium timonense (n = 1). Most of the isolates presented resistance to five or more of the antimicrobials tested. Typing profiles were mainly patient specific. The PFGE profiles indicated the presence of two clonal groups for M. abscessus subsp. abscessus and five clonal groups for M. abscesssus subsp. bolletii, with just one clone detected in two patients. Given the observed multidrug resistance patterns and the possibility of transmission between patients, we suggest the implementation of continuous and routine investigation of NTM infection or colonization in CF patients, including countries with a high burden of tuberculosis disease.
Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis/complications , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/drug effects , Adolescent , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Brazil , Chaperonin 60/genetics , Child , Child, Preschool , DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Genetic Variation , Genotype , Humans , Male , Molecular Typing , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/classification , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/genetics , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Sputum/microbiologyABSTRACT
Neste artigo de atualização discutiremos, à luz dos mais recentes e relevantes trabalhos, a terapia dupla com broncodilatadores de longa ação para os pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) no período estável, destacando sua proteção quanto a exacerbações, dispneia, qualidade de vida, utilizando como orientador de sua oportunidade de uso a recomendação mais recente do Iniciativa Global para Doenças Pulmonares (GOLD) da sigla em língua inglesa.
In this update article we will discuss the light of the most recent and relevant studies on dual therapy with long acting bronchodilators for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the stable period, highlighting their protection against exacerbations, dyspnea, quality of life, Using the most recent recommendation of the Global Initiative for Lung Disease (GOLD) as the guideline of their opportunity to use the English acronym.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bronchodilator Agents , Cholinesterase Inhibitors , Adrenergic beta-Agonists , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapyABSTRACT
A história natural do status asmaticus é na maioria das vezes de resolução com mortalidade geral menor que 1%. Cerca de 80% dos pacientes com exacerbação de asma brônquica são liberados da emergência nas primeiras duas horas de tratamento. No entanto, nos pacientes com necessidade de ventilação mecânica a mortalidade pode chegar a 8%. O tratamento rápido e eficaz é essencial para o sucesso do tratamento e a prevenção de complicações. Neste artigo são abordadas as recomendações atuais do tratamento das exacerbações graves de asma brônquica nos setores de emergência e terapia intensiva...
The natural history of status asthmaticus is, most of the time, sorted out with overall mortality less than 1%. About 80% of patients with exacerbation of asthma emergency are released within the first two hours of treatment. However, in patients requiring mechanical ventilation mortality can reach 8%. The rapid and effective treatment is essential for the success of the treatment and the prevention of complications. This paper addresses the current recommendations the treatment of severe exacerbations of asthma in the emergency department and intensive care...