Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Sudanese Health Care Providers toward Ebola Virus Outbreak.

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a highly contagious and fatal disease in humans. Healthcare providers (HCPs) are often at the frontline of epidemics and can thus be in jeopardy of contracting EVD. Sudan is at a great risk of an EVD outbreak, as it borders countries that experienced EVD outbreaks. It is therefore imperative in Sudan to assess the HCPs' awareness and knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about EVD for its control and man-agement and for preparedness. A KAP survey was conducted among 387 HCPs (physicians, nurses and labora-tory technicians) in the three main tertiary hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan. The majority of the survey respon-dents (54.5%) were females, < 30 years old (76.3%), and single (77.4%). Most (94%) had heard about EVD, 62% from classical media. Only 14% had received education or training regarding EVD. About 40% reported being adherent to universal precautions and 72% were willing to deal with EVD patients under safety precau-tions. Only 10% knew of any available standard national guidelines for EVD. Nearly half of the HCPs (47%) rated the potential risk of an EVD outbreak in Sudan as high, and 52% rated health authorities' effort against it as weak. These findings revealed the HCPs' insufficient knowledge of EVD and the necessary universal precau-tions. This lack of knowledge would negatively affect the HCPs' preparedness toward any potential EVD out-break. There is a dire need to train HCPs in Sudan on the management of EVD, including preventive and con-trol measures.

Antenatal Care Visits and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes at a Hospital in Rural Western Province, Rwanda.

In many economically developing countries, and especially in the rural regions of sub-Saharan African coun-tries, there have been only limited investigations into the association between antenatal care (ANC) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We obtained information on ANC and pregnancy outcomes between 2011 and 2016 from hospital files of pregnant women (n = 4,960) served at a rural hospital in Rwanda, and we examined the associa-tions between their ANC visits and the adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by using univariate and mul-tivariate logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Most of the pregnant women had ≥ 4 ANC visits, but 39% (n = 1,911) did not have ≥ 3 visits before delivery. The prev-alence of low birth weight (LBW) and that of preterm birth (PTB) were 12% and 9.9%, respectively. Compared to the women who attended only one ANC visit, those who attended ≥ 4 ANC visits had lower risks of LBW (OR 0.20; 95%CI: 0.11-0.36) and PTB (OR 0.28; 95%CI: 0.11-0.76). Frequent ANC visits were also associ-ated with better postnatal outcomes of the newborns. Encouraging women to attend ANC visits before delivery can markedly reduce PTB-related and LBW-related complications, especially in resource-limited settings.