Clinical implication of renal allograft volume to recipient body surface area ratio in pediatric renal transplant.

Our study aims to assess the clinical implication of RAV/rBSA ratio in PRT as a predictor for attained renal function at 1 year post-transplantation and its association with surgical complications. A retrospective cohort was performed for PRT cases from January 2000 to December 2015 in our institution. Extracted clinical information includes the recipient's demographics, donor type, renal allograft characteristics, arterial, venous and ureteral anastomoses, vascular anastomosis time while kidney off ice, overall operative time, and estimated blood loss. The RAV/rBSA was extrapolated and assessed for its association with renal graft function attained in 1 year post-transplantation and surgical complications within 30-day post-transplantation. A total of 324 PRTs cases were analyzed. The cohort consisted of 187 (52.4%) male and 137 (42.3%) female recipients, with 152 (46.9%) living donor and 172 (53.1%) deceased donor renal transplants, and an overall median age of 155.26 months (IQR 76.70-186.98) at time of renal transplantation. The receiver operating characteristic identified that a RAV/rBSA ratio of 135 was the optimal cutoff in determining the renal graft function outcome. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed the relative OR for RAV/rBSA ≥ 135 ratio in predicting an eGFR ≥ 90 attained within 1 year post-transplant was highest among younger pediatric recipients (<142.5 months) of deceased kidney donors (OR = 11.143, 95% CI = 3.156-39.34). Conversely, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that RAV/rBSA ratio ≥ 135 is associated with lower odds of having eGFR <60 (OR = 0.417, 95% CI = 0.203-0.856). The RAV/rBSA ratio was not associated nor predictive of transplant-related surgical complications. Our study determined that the RAV/rBSA ratio is predictive of renal graft function at 1-year PRT, but not associated with any increased surgical complications.

Non-stented versus stented urethroplasty for distal hypospadias repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown that non-stented distal hypospadias repair eliminates stent-related bladder spasm and stent removal discomfort without increasing complications; however, results are inconsistent. We performed a systematic review to assess the complication rates of non-stented compared to the stented distal hypospadias repair. METHODS: The literature search included randomized control trials (RCTs) and cohort studies published prior to October 2016 in all languages (PROSPERO CRD42016047563). All included studies were assessed according to Cochrane Collaborative recommendations and included for meta-analysis. Surgical outcomes from each treatment group were classified according to early complications and later final outcomes. Outcomes were expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed using chi-square and I2. Effect estimates were pooled using the inverse variant method with random effect model. Subgroup analysis was performed according to surgical technique (Mathieu versus tubularized incised plate) and study design. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies (14 cohorts, 6 RCTs) with 2466 hypospadias repairs (1290 non-stented, 1176 stented) were included for the meta-analysis. Serious risk of bias was noted among the cohort studies with publication bias likely present, while the included RCTs were of moderate methodological quality. The overall pooled effect estimates comparing non-stented versus stented distal hypospadias repair showed no between-group difference for outcomes of early and late complications (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.46-1.50; RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92, 1.48; respectively) CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence of low to moderate quality suggests that there is likely no outcome difference between non-stented and stented distal hypospadias repair.