Small Bowel Enteritis and Myocardial Depression Complicating Organophosphorus Poison in a Patient With Sleeve Gastrectomy and Intestinal Bypass Surgeries: An Atypical Presentation.

Organophosphate (OP) is a pesticide that has been used in agriculture and domestic pest control since the mid-1900s. Acute OP toxicity is caused by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, resulting in a cholinergic surge. It is treated with atropine and pralidoxime. Our case is a patient with a past history of sleeve gastrectomy and intestinal bypass surgery presented after oral OP intake. He initially had small bowel enteritis, followed by lactic acidosis, acute renal injury, and distributive shock. The serum troponin had peaked 50-folds. The echocardiography showed myocardial depression and global hypokinesia with no significant wall motion abnormalities. In contrast to classic bradycardia with OP poisoning, our patient developed persistent sinus tachycardia on the second day. He had a concomitant alcohol withdrawal syndrome, which was managed with intravenous (IV) hydration and benzodiazepines. He had a dramatic improvement on the third day with near resolution of creatinine and lactic acid. The outpatient cardiac follow-up showed partial resolution of the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) to 48%. In this literature, we discuss the complications and long-term effects of bariatric surgeries, particularly on gastric emptying and medication absorption. We also discuss OP mechanism of action, clinical presentation, therapeutic lines, and atypical presentations in the prior literatures.

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Patient: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome that arises due to a dysregulated immune response caused by the aberrant activation of lymphocytes and macrophages. In this rare case report, we describe a newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient who was found to have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) provoked HLH and co-existing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).  Our patient was a 28-year-old newly diagnosed HIV patient who presented with nonspecific symptoms, including bilateral foot pain and tingling sensation. Laboratory findings were significant for pancytopenia. With a high index of suspicion, the patient had a bone marrow biopsy done which confirmed a diagnosis of both HLH and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The case highlighted the diagnostic dilemma of HLH in the setting of HIV infection. Identifying the major components of his disease process was pivotal to ensure that the patient was commenced on appropriate therapy for the EBV-driven HLH and HL.  The diagnosis of HLH in newly diagnosed HIV remains challenging due to the diverse clinical presentations and the need to exclude other possible causes. The clinical features of HLH, HL, and HIV can be nonspecific and overlap, creating a diagnostic dilemma. Diagnosis requires a combination of clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features. The management in such cases requires prompt diagnosis through a multidisciplinary approach, a variety of chemotherapy, immunosuppression, supportive care, and treatment of the underlying triggers.

Stauffer Syndrome as the Initial Presentation of Advanced Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Stauffer's syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome that has historically been associated with renal cell carcinoma. It is defined by the anicteric elevation of liver enzymes in the absence of liver metastasis, and the reversibility of clinical and biochemical changes upon treatment of the primary pathology. Here, we discuss the rare presentation of Stauffer's syndrome in a patient with advanced metastatic prostate cancer. A 72-year-old male presented with generalized weakness, dizziness, weight loss, and icterus who was incidentally found to have a prostatic enlargement on physical examination. The laboratory investigations and radiographic imaging confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic prostatic cancer without any evidence of mechanical biliary obstruction as confirmed by biopsy and imaging. The cancer had metastasized to pelvic sidewalls, pelvic bones, ribs, urinary bladder, and local lymph nodes. Our case signifies that a high index of suspicion for underlying cancer should be maintained in patients presenting with cholestatic liver dysfunction, with or without jaundice, especially in the absence of a recognizable mechanical etiology of cholestasis.

Nail Polish Remover Induced Methemoglobinemia: An Uncommon Occurrence.

Methemoglobinemia, defined as hemoglobin's impaired oxygen-carrying capacity due to oxidation from the ferrous (Fe2+) state to the ferric (Fe3+) state, has many well-documented etiologies. One example of an uncommon cause of acquired methemoglobinemia is the ingestion of nail polish remover, which can contain methemoglobin generators such as nitroethane, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, and isobutyl nitrite. We present a case of methemoglobinemia in an 81-year-old male following accidental ingestion of isobutyl nitrite-containing nail polish remover, commonly used as a recreational inhalant. Furthermore, we review potentially toxic substances found in commercially available nail products. This case was designed to identify and efficiently treat a rather uncommon cause of methemoglobinemia induced in this case by a common household item, nail polish remover.