Physicochemical characteristics of paper industry effluents--a case study of South India Paper Mill (SIPM).

Pulp and paper mills generate varieties of pollutants depending upon type of the pulping process being used. This paper presents the characteristics of wastewater from South India Paper Mill, Karnataka, India which is using recycled waste paper as a raw material. The raw wastewater consists of 80-90 mg L( - 1) suspended solid and 1,010-1,015 mg L( - 1) dissolved solid. However, pH varied from 5.5-6.8. The biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand ranged from 200-210 and 1,120-1,160 mg L( - 1), respectively. Aerobic treatment of raw effluent attribute to significant reduction in suspended solid (range between 25 to 30 mg L( - 1)) and total dissolved solid (range between 360 to 390 mg L( - 1)). However, pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity were found superior after treatment. Copper, cadmium, iron, lead, nickel, and zinc were found in less quantity in raw effluent and were almost completely removed after treatment. The dendrogram of the effluent quality parameters clearly indicate that South India Paper Mill does not meet Minimal National Standard set by central Pollution Control Board to discharge in agricultural field.

Ostracods as indicators of pollution in the lakes of Mysore.

Ostracods are small crustaceans found in aquatic habitats and the present paper deals with the role of water quality index on their population diversity and seasonal fluctuations in the four lakes of Mysore city The present investigation was carried out from July 2004 to June 2005. The study revealed highest water quality index and population density of ostracods during summer and least during winter Dalvoi lake recorded higher waterquality index (125.04), population density (60 l(-1)) but lower species diversity (2 species) of ostracods, whereas Kamana lake recorded lowest water quality index (63.49), population density (40 l(-1)) and highest species diversity (6 species) of ostracods. Increase in the water quality index indicates increase in the pollution load. As water quality index (WQI) increases, population density of ostracods increases but species diversity decreases.

Ostracods as indicators of pollution in the lakes of Mysore.

Ostracods are small crustaceans found in aquatic habitats and the present paper deals with the role of water quality index on their population diversity and seasonal fluctuations in the four lakes of Mysore city. The present investigation was carried out from July 2004 to June 2005. The study revealed highest water quality index and population density of ostracods during summer and least during winter. Dalvoi lake recorded higher water quality index (125.04), population density (60 l(-1)) but lower species diversity (2 species) of ostracods, whereas Kamana lake recorded lowest water quality index (63.49), population density (40 l(-1)) and highest species diversity (6 species) of ostracods. Increase in the water quality index indicates increase in the pollution load. As water quality index (WQI) increases, population density of ostracods increases but species diversity decreases.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of pseudostellarin B.

A new potent bioactive cyclic peptide pseudostellarin B has been synthesised. The structure was elucidated by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FAB mass spectral data. The synthesised compound was also screened for its antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory and anthelmintic activities.

Synthetic and antibacterial studies on some new furanopeptides.

A series of new furanopeptides (3) are prepared by the coupling of arylsubstituted furoic acids (1) with amino acid methyl esters, di and tetra-peptide methyl esters using dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) as coupling agent. Some of the newly synthesized compounds are characterized on the basis of IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. Some of the selected compounds are also tested for their antibacterial properties.

(Nitro) hymenamide A, unusual biologically active cyclic peptide.

A new biological active cyclic peptide (Nitro) Hymenamide A has been synthesized and the structure was established on the basis of analytical, IR, NMR and mass spectral data. The new compound was subjected to both antimicrobial and pharmacological studies.

Microbial quality of lakes around Dharwad City, Karnataka, India.

Water being an essential component of food chain of living beings is contaminated day-by-day in the increasing order due to public apathy and improper management of water sources like lakes, reservoirs and ponds. The microbiological studies of Kelageri, Nuggikeri, Navalur, Neerasagar and Salakinakoppa lakes located around Dharwad were carried out with respect to total plate count (TPC),Total Fungal count (TFC) and total Coliform. They are highly contaminated with bacterial species like fecal Coliforms, E. coli, Bacillus species, Actinomycetes, Monococcus sps, Streptococcus sps. and Fungal sps like Pencilium, Fusarium, Mucor , Rhizopus, Yeast cells. The results indicate that the lakes except Neerasagar lake were considered to be unfit for drinking purpose due to the excess of anthropogenic activities, inflow of water through widespread agricultural land and stream, where the dairy industry, poultry, brick manufacturing unit, animal husbandry are maintained. The extent of pollution of water depends upon the dense population of these microorganisms which vary in rainy, winter and summer seasons. The presence of Fecal Streptococcal species viz., S. fecalis, S. equinus, S. faecium, S. bovis, S. avium, indicate the fecal pollution with seasonal variations throughout the year.

Water quality index of Kabini River in the Kallahally Village of Nanjangud Taluk, Mysore District, Karnataka (India).

The people of Kallahally and nearby villages are drinking Kabini river water because of ground water pollution caused by the release of industrial effluent from Jubilient Pharmaceutical Industry. To know the potability of Kabini river water, water samples were collected from 3 sites for six months, i.e. from October 2004 to March 2005 and analyzed for parameters such as pH, Dissolved Oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, COD, BOD, TDS and total acidity. The mean values of these parameters were compared with WHO, ICMR and ISI standards. Out of 12 analyzed parameters, 9 parameters were considered for the computation of water quality rating and water quality index. Except dissolved oxygen (DO), other parameters were found within the permissible limits. DO was found below the prescribed standard. The water quality indices of upstream, Kallahally and downstream were found 58.6, 67.82 and 69.63 respectively. This clearly indicated that, the pollution load increase as the river flows further. The river water was found safe for human consumption.