ABSTRACT
Non-alcoholic liver steatosis is currently considered an epidemic. It involves a broad spectrum of liver diseases, in which older adults constitute a susceptible group. The aim of this study is to identify the role of waist circumference as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 99 older adults who regularly attended five gerontological centers in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. The variables studied were age, gender, independent life, access to complete meals, waist circumference, and NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasound. RESULTS: A significant relationship exists between waist circumference, body mass index, and fat mass percentage. However, only age and waist circumference were significant in the multivariate logistic regression model. Our results suggest that in the presence of waist circumference, body mass index loses its significance and age may be a protective factor due to adipose tissue loss and redistribution. CONCLUSION: Anthropometric measurements such as waist circumference can be used as complement indicators of NAFLD.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The Mini-Cog is a simple and short test that identifies cognitive impairment. Its detection helps provide an early dementia diagnosis, rapid access to treatments, and even delay or reversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study included 214 patients. Patients enrolled in this study were community dwellers aged ≥55-year-old, without prior diagnosis of cognitive impairment or dementia, with adequate hearing and vision functions. It was conducted in primary care health centers localized in rural communities of Ecuador. RESULTS: Ages ranged from 50 to 98 years and there was predominance of female gender: 66% versus 33%. The percentage of illiteracy was 26.4% (CI: 25.32-27.48), and 63% (CI: 62.1-63.94) of patients had complete primary educational level. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment was 50.9% (95% CI: 48.5-53.3) and 47.2% (95% CI: 45.2-49.2) in patients with risk factors. We found several established risk factors associated with cognitive impairment onset, including social factors, physiological factors, and comorbidities. CONCLUSION: This is the first epidemiological research of CI in rural populations in this country using the Mini-Cog as a screening tool. Adopting public health measures for the prevention and control of those modifiable risk factors could reduce the prevalence of cognitive impairment and even its progression to dementia.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is an asthma phenotype that involves high costs and significant burden for health systems. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of knowledge and attitudes towards AERD among Ecuadorian physicians. METHODS: Descriptive, observational study. A questionnaire about knowledge on the disease and attitude towards it (confidence in the treatment and importance of AERD, measured with a Likert scale) was developed. The answers about knowledge were dichotomized into right and wrong; attitude was rated as high or low. Means and percentages were obtained; the answers of doctors with or without specialty were compared using the chi-square test. RESULTS: One-hundred eighteen physicians participated. The age was 41.3 ± 11.7 years; 48.3 % were specialists. Less than 50% answered correctly the questions about knowledge. Specialist physicians obtained more correct answers regarding first symptoms, prevalence and leukotriene overproduction (67.9 %, 46.3% and 90.7 %), when compared with general practitioners (45.0 %, 25% and 74.6 %) (p < 0.05). More than 70 % of physicians indicated high confidence in the identification of patients with AERD. There were no significant differences in attitudes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Medical education programs should be developed in order to improve the level of knowledge about AERD.
Antecedentes: La enfermedad respiratoria exacerbada por aspirina (EREA) es un fenotipo de asma que conlleva un alto costo e importante carga para los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos y actitudes hacia la EREA en médicos ecuatorianos. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se elaboró un cuestionario acerca de los conocimientos sobre la enfermedad y la actitud hacia ella (confianza en el tratamiento e importancia de la EREA, medidas con una escala de Likert). Las respuestas sobre conocimiento se dicotomizaron en correctas e incorrectas; la actitud se calificó como alta o baja. Se obtuvo media y porcentaje; con c2 se compararon las respuestas de los médicos con o sin especialidad. Resultados: Participaron 118 médicos. La edad fue de 41.3 ± 11.7 años; 48.3 % era especialista. Menos de 50 % contestó correctamente las preguntas sobre conocimiento. Los especialistas obtuvieron más respuestas correctas respecto a los primeros síntomas, prevalencia y sobreproducción de leucotrienos (67.9, 46.3 y 90.7 %), al compararlos con los médicos generales (45, 25 y 74.6 %) (p < 0.05). Más de 70 % de los médicos indicó alta confianza en la identificación de pacientes con EREA. No hubo diferencias significativas en las actitudes (p > 0.05). Conclusión: Se deben desarrollar programas de educación médica para mejorar el conocimiento acerca de la EREA.