Time to Recurrence of Ameloblastoma and Associated Factors in a Multi-institutional Black Patient Cohort.

Ameloblastoma is a highly recurrent odontogenic neoplasm with variable global distribution. However, impact of race and ethnicity on ameloblastoma recurrence are still unclear. The primary aim of this study was to assess duration of time between primary and recurrent ameloblastomas in a predominantly Black multi-institutional patient cohort and secondarily to determine whether recurrent ameloblastomas are more readily discovered when clinically-symptomatic rather than by radiographic surveillance. A retrospective cross-sectional design was used to evaluate demographic, clinical, and pathological information on recurrent ameloblastomas patients. Outcome variable was time to recurrence, determined as period between the diagnosis of primary and recurrent ameloblastomas. We assessed associations between outcome variable and race, time lapse between primary and recurrent ameloblastomas and clinical symptoms of recurrent ameloblastomas at time of diagnosis. Among 115 recurrent ameloblastomas identified, 90.5% occurred in adults, 91.3% in Blacks, and similarly, 91.3% were conventional ameloblastomas. About 41% affected the posterior mandible. 93.9% were clinically symptomatic at time of presentation while 6.1% non-symptomatic lesions were discovered by routine diagnostic radiology. Median time to presentation of recurrent tumor was significantly longer in females (90 months, p = 0.016) and clinically symptomatic group of ameloblastoma patients (75 months, p = 0.023). Ameloblastoma recurrence was distinctively high in Black patients, occurred faster in males than females and was located mostly in the posterior mandible. Concomitant with delayed access to healthcare of Black individuals, routine post-surgical follow-up is essential because time lag between primary and recurrence tumors was longer in clinically symptomatic ameloblastomas at the time of diagnosis.

Dislocation of the mandible into the middle cranial fossa. Case report.

Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa is a rare event due to anatomical and biomechanical factors. The authors report the case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with this condition after colliding with a classmate. One day after her injury, the patient demonstrated an inability to close her mouth completely, and she had minor tenderness to palpation anterior to the tragus, without neurological deficits. Imaging studies demonstrated a fractured glenoid fossa with intrusion of the mandible into the cranial cavity. Open reduction of the mandibular condyle was performed, and the glenoid fossa was reconstructed with a split-thickness bone graft and titanium screws. Several dural tears noted at the time of surgery were repaired primarily. Mandibular condyle dislocation into the middle cranial fossa is often misdiagnosed initially because of its low incidence and nonspecific symptoms. Computed tomography scanning is the most sensitive diagnostic study for detecting this injury. Closed reduction after induction of general anesthesia has been recommended in recently suffered injuries without neurological deficits, but this approach may overlook damage to intracranial structures. Surgical repair is recommended if neurological injury is suspected. Treatment options should be tailored to the individual factors of each case.

Perioperative management of patients with renal disease.

The patient who has renal disease is susceptible to many potential complications during the perioperative period. The prevention of postoperative acute renal failure (ARF), especially in patients who have existing chronic kidney disease, and management of patients who have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are undergoing surgery are challenging. Elimination of risk factors for ARF and early diagnosis of ARF should improve patient outcomes. For patients who have ESRD, a thorough and comprehensive evaluation is necessary to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with the end-organ damage. This article reviews the prevention of postoperative ARF and the perioperative management of patients who have ESRD who are undergoing surgery.

Unused opioid analgesics and drug disposal following outpatient dental surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Individuals who abuse prescription opioids often use leftover pills that were prescribed for friends or family members. Dental surgery has been identified as a common source of opioid prescriptions. We measured rates of used and unused opioids after dental surgery for a pilot program to promote safe drug disposal. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of opioid use patterns among patients undergoing surgical tooth extraction at a university-affiliated oral surgery practice. The primary objective was to describe opioid prescribing and consumption patterns, with the number of unused opioid pills remaining on postoperative day 21 serving as the primary outcome. The secondary aim was to measure the effect of a behavioral intervention (informing patients of a pharmacy-based opioid disposal program) on the proportion of patients who disposed or reported intent to dispose of unused opioids. (NCT02814305) Results: We enrolled 79 patients, of whom 72 filled opioid prescriptions. On average, patients received 28 opioid pills and had 15 pills (54%) left over, for a total of 1010 unused pills among the cohort. The behavioral intervention was associated with a 22% absolute increase in the proportion of patients who disposed or reported intent to dispose of unused opioids (Fisher's exact p=0.11). CONCLUSION: Fifty-four percent of opioids prescribed in this pilot study were not used. The pharmacy-based drug disposal intervention showed a robust effect size but did not achieve statistical significance. Dentists and oral surgeons could potentially reduce opioid diversion by moderately reducing the quantity of opioid analgesics prescribed after surgery.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: classifications, oral manifestations, and dental considerations.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is the name given for 6 types of connective tissue disorders. While the prevalence of this disease is small, it is seen on every continent and affects both sexes and all races. The various types of EDS are reviewed with reference given to both the older Berlin nosology and the newer Villefranche nosology. Phenotypes of EDS vary depending upon which type of collagen is altered, leading the practitioner to the diagnosis before biochemical confirmation is obtained. In this regard, because collagen is present throughout the head and neck, oral and maxillofacial manifestations of the disease are discussed and are readily noticeable to the astute dentist. Specialists in several fields of dentistry are made aware of the complications EDS can pose on treatment, healing, and follow-up care.