Relationship of calcium and magnesium intakes with the dietary approaches to stop hypertension score and blood pressure: the International Study of Macro/micronutrients and Blood Pressure.

OBJECTIVE: Research investigating calcium and magnesium intakes from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) pattern and other sources in association with blood pressure is limited. We aimed to characterize sources/intake levels of calcium and magnesium in relation to overall diet quality (DASH-score) and determine modification effects with DASH score and blood pressure. METHODS: Cross-sectional United States data (average dietary and supplement intake from four 24 h recalls and eight blood pressure measurements) from two separate visits, 2195 men and women (40-59 years) in the International Study of Macro/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure were analysed. Food-based adherence to the DASH diet was estimated. Linear models tested associations between each 1-point DASH score with blood pressure. Participants were stratified by adherence to sex-specific recommended allowance for magnesium and calcium intakes. Effect-modification was tested across DASH-score quintiles and median of urinary sodium. RESULTS: DASH-score was inversely associated with SBP in fully adjusted models (-0.27; 95%CI: -0.38 to -0.15 mmHg). SBP was inversely associated with dietary calcium intake from DASH food groups: -1.54 (95% CI: -2.65 to -0.43) mmHg; calcium intake from other non-DASH food groups: -1.62 (95% CI: -2.94 to -0.29) mmHg. Dietary magnesium intake from DASH food groups (-1.59; 95% CI: -2.79, -0.40 mmHg) and from other non-DASH foods (-1.92; 95% CI: -3.31, -0.53 mmHg) was inversely associated with SBP. CONCLUSION: A higher DASH score showed a consistent association with lower BP suggesting a relationship between intakes of calcium and Mg with BP regardless of whether the source is part of the DASH diet or not, even when adjusted for supplement intakes.The INTERMAP is registered as NCT00005271 at www.clinicaltrials.gov .

Blood metabolomic shift links diet and gut microbiota to multiple health outcomes among Hispanic/Latino immigrants in the U.S.

Immigrants from less industrialized countries who are living in the U.S. often bear an elevated risk of multiple disease due to the adoption of a U.S. lifestyle. Blood metabolome holds valuable information on environmental exposure and the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, offering insights into the link between environmental factors and disease burden. Analyzing 634 serum metabolites from 7,114 Hispanics (1,141 U.S.-born, 5,973 foreign-born) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), we identified profound blood metabolic shift during acculturation. Machine learning highlighted the prominent role of non-genetic factors, especially food and gut microbiota, in these changes. Immigration-related metabolites correlated with plant-based foods and beneficial gut bacteria for foreign-born Hispanics, and with meat-based or processed food and unfavorable gut bacteria for U.S.-born Hispanics. Cardiometabolic traits, liver, and kidney function exhibited a link with immigration-related metabolic changes, which were also linked to increased risk of diabetes, severe obesity, chronic kidney disease, and asthma. Highlights: A substantial proportion of identified blood metabolites differ between U.S.-born and foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S.Food and gut microbiota are the major modifiable contributors to blood metabolomic difference between U.S.-born and foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos.U.S. nativity related metabolites collectively correlate with a spectrum of clinical traits and chronic diseases.

Susceptibility of hypertensive individuals to acute blood pressure increases in response to personal-level environmental temperature decrease.

BACKGROUND: Environmental temperature is negatively associated with blood pressure (BP), and hypertension may exacerbate this association. The aim of this study is to investigate whether hypertensive individuals are more susceptible to acute BP increases following temperature decrease than non-hypertensive individuals. METHODS: The study panel consisted of 126 hypertensive and 125 non-hypertensive (n = 251) elderly participants who completed 940 clinical visits during the winter of 2016 and summer of 2017 in Beijing, China. Personal-level environmental temperature (PET) was continuously monitored for each participant with a portable sensor platform. We associated systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) with the average PET over 24 h before clinical visits using linear mixed-effects models and explored hourly lag patterns for the associations using distributed lag models. RESULTS: We found that per 1 °C decrease in PET, hypertensive individuals showed an average (95 % confidence interval) increase of 0.96 (0.72, 1.19) and 0.28 (0.13, 0.42) mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively; and non-hypertensive participants showed significantly smaller increases of 0.28 (0.03, 0.53) mmHg SBP and 0.14 (-0.01, 0.30) mmHg DBP. A lag pattern analysis showed that for hypertensive individuals, the increases in SBP and DBP were greatest following lag 1 h PET decrease and gradually attenuated up to lag 10 h exposure. No significant BP change was observed in non-hypertensive individuals associated with lag 1-24 h PET exposure. The enhanced increase in PET-associated BP in hypertensive participants (i.e., susceptibility) was more significant in winter than in summer. CONCLUSIONS: We found that a decrease in environmental temperature was associated with acute BP increases and these associations diminished over time, disappearing after approximately 10 hours. This implies that any intervention measures to prevent BP increases due to temperature drop should be implemented as soon as possible. Such timely interventions are particularly needed for hypertensive individuals especially during the cold season due to their increased susceptibility.

T2 mapping and quantitative analysis of the porcine patellar osteoarthritis model in vitro by collagenase / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the ability of T2 mapping in early detection of the change of cartilage collagen by quantitative analysis.Methods 20 porcine patellae were randomly assigned into 4 groups,3 treated groups and 1 control group.The samples of 3 treated groups were respectively immersed in PBS with 100 mg/100 mL,1 50 mg/100 mL and 200 mg/100 mL typeⅡ collagenase for 4 h,whereas control group samples in PBS for 4 h.T2 relaxation times of superficial,deep and full layers of cartilage and mean densi-ty after Van Gieson stain were measured.The correlation of T2 relaxation times and mean density were statistically analyzed.Results Gross pathology showed all articular cartilages maintained intact after treatment.T2 relaxation times of superficial and full layers and mean density increased significantly in any treated group in comparison with control group(P 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a close correlation(r=-0.837)between T2 relaxation times of full layers and mean density.Conclusion T2 map-ping can adequately detect the change of cartilage collagen in the early stage of osteoarthritis,and shows a good clinical application prospect.

The value of multi-source RF-transmission in balanced fast field echo cardiac cine imaging at 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To assess the advantages of multi-source RF transmission(MT) for balanced fast field echo(BFFE) cardiac cine imaging.Methods Fifteen volunteers were scanned on a clinical 3.0 T MR system equipped with MT.Acquisition of B1 maps with and without MT were followed by axial and four chambers BFFE cine imaging for all subjects with different transmission modes[single source RF transmission (ST),MT and MT with allowable shortest TR(MTS)].The B1 field uniformity and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were quantitatively analyzed.The B1 field uniformity was evaluated by the pixel values within the ROI and was compared with Student t test.CNR was defined as follows:(SIblood-SImyocardium)/ 0.5 ×(SDblood + SDmyocardium).CNR were tested with one-way ANOVA for three groups comparision and with LSD for inter-group comparison.Image qualities were blindly assessed by 2 readers with a 4-score scale.Global image quality scores were tested for statistical significance by using the nonparametric paired sample Friedman rank test for three groups and the Wilcoxon signed rank test for further inter-group comparison.The Kappa statistics was used to assess interreader agreement.Results B1 homogeneity was significantly improved for images with MT compared with ST under the condition of other parameters unchanged (t =21.632,P ＜0.01).In left ventricular,CNR of blood and myocardium was improved from 10.8 ±2.2 for ST to 14.4 ± 2.4 for MT and 14.1 ± 2.2 for MTS.In fight ventricular,it was improved from 7.7 ± 1.2 for ST to 12.2 ± 1.4 for MT and 12.0 ± 1.2 for MTS.The differences were statistically significant (F =11.617,61.472,P ＜0.01).The images of MT and MTS groups demonstrated greater CNR versus the ST images.There was no statistical difference between latter two groups.The image scores of Reader 1 and 2 were 4.60 ± 1.18 and 4.73 ± 1.10 for ST,6.53 ± 1.19 and 6.67 ± 1.29 for MT and 6.73 ± 1.03 and 6.73 ± 0.88 for MTS respectively.There were statistically differences among three groups (x2 =23.577,24.275,P ＜ 0.01).The image quality was improved on BFFE images using MT and MTS technology compared to ST technology,and there were also significant differences.The interreader agreement between two readers was good [K=0.643,0.722 and 0.814(P ＜0.05) for ST,MT,and MTS group respectively].Conclusions MT technology significantly improves B1 field uniformity,increases CNR and reduces artifact on BFFE cardiac cine images.The TR is decreased within the normal SAR ranges,and thus scanning speed is increased.

Comparison of dual-source parallel radio frequence transmission liver MRI at 3.0 T with conventional MRI / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of dual-source parallel radio frequence (RF) and single-source excitation in liver imaging at 3.0 T MR.Methods This study was a retrospective analysis.One hundred and seven subjects underwent a 3.0 T TX MR scanning including axial spectrally selective attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) T2WI,axial DWI and coronal balanced-fast field echo( Balanced FFE).Each sequence was carried out with both single-source and dual-source RF excitation.Student＇s t test was used to compare the differences between single-source and dual-source RF excitation in the image uniformity,signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine whether there was difference between conventional and parallel transmission in the score of image quality.Reader agreement was assessed using the Cohen＇s Kappa test.Results For the image uniformity,there was significant difference between single-source and dual-source excitation (418.40 ± 66.75 for single-source vs.416.26 ± 50.61 for dual-source,t =2.524,P ＜ 0.05 ).There also existed significant difference between single-source and dual-source excitation in SNR and CNR,respectively.The SNR and CNR of parallel transmission (22.03 + 12.16 and 18.33 ± 10.01,respectively) were both higher than those of single transmission (20.36 ± 11.21 and 15.22 ± 8.95,respectively) ( t =- 2.630,P ＜ 0.05 for SNR and t =- 4.238,P ＜ 0.05 for CNR).Image quality comparisons revealed significantly better results with dual-source than single-source RF excitation at SPAIR T2 WI ( 1.40 + 0.42 vs.1.81 ± 0.27 ),DWI ( 1.08 ± 0.40 vs.1.63 ± 0.36 ) and Balanced FFE sequence ( 0.95 ± 0.45 vs.1.65 ± 0.37,Z =- 5.894,- 5.801 and - 6.985,respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ).In the comparison of image quality,the agreement between the two readers was very good ( Kappa ＞ 0.8,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Dual-source parallel RF excitation MR imaging in liver enables reducing dielectric shading,improving homogeneity of the RF magnetic induction field,and increasing SNR and CNR at 3.0 T.