ABSTRACT
Coffee bean seed (Cassia obtusifolia) was ground and mixed in the feed at levels of 2,5, and 10% and fed to White Leghorn hens. Feed consumption and egg production were reduced by all three although more so at 5 and 10%. Feed consumption and egg production had not returned to control levels four weeks after the adulterated feed was suspended, though the response was more pronounced in the younger birds. The semitendinosus and pectoralis superficialis muscles were pale and edematous at postmortem examination of the birds, being most pronounced at the 5 and 10% levels.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed/toxicity , Chickens/metabolism , Eating , Oviposition , Animals , Diarrhea/etiology , Diarrhea/veterinary , Eggs , Female , Muscular Diseases/etiology , Muscular Diseases/veterinary , Poultry Diseases/etiology , SeedsABSTRACT
The effects of Ca source (limestone or a mixture of one-third limestone and two-thirds oyster shell), NaHCO3 (0 or .5%) and feeding photoperiod (16 or 24 hr) were studied in a 16-week experiment involving 240 Hy-Line W-36 Leghorn hens, 25 weeks of age. Neither egg production (percent hen-day and egg mass, kg egg/bird per 16 weeks) nor feed conversion ratio (kg feed per kg egg) were significantly (P greater than .05) affected by dietary treatment or photoperiod. However, extending the photoperiod to 24 hr significantly (P less than .05) increased feed consumption with a consequent increase in egg weight (P less than .01). Feeding oyster shell in combination with limestone significantly (P less than .05) improved specific gravity of eggs, whereas dietary NaHCO3 significantly (P less than .01) improved elasticity of the egg shell as measured by deformation. Eggshell quality was improved by increasing the photoperiod to 24 hr and was most pronounced when hens were fed diets supplemented with .5% NaHCO3 and limestone as the only source of Ca.
Subject(s)
Bicarbonates/pharmacology , Calcium, Dietary/pharmacology , Egg Shell , Light , Periodicity , Sodium/pharmacology , Animals , Female , Sodium BicarbonateABSTRACT
Six trials were conducted at different locations to examine the response of broiler chickens to roxarsone and bacitracin in the form of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) in the presence of the anticoccidal narasin. All diets contained narasin (80 mg/kg) and were fortified with a factorial arrangement of roxarsone (0 to 50 mg/kg) and BMD (0 or 55 mg/kg). Broilers were grown to market weights with narasin and roxarsone removed from the diets for the final 5 days. Addition of both roxarsone and BMD resulted in significant (P less than .05) improvements in body weight and feed utilization. Response to roxarsone for feed utilization was influenced to some extent by the presence or absence of BMD. Although the response to roxarsone was always positive, the degree of response was lessened by the presence of BMD. This resulted in a significant (P less than .10) interaction between roxarsone and BMD for feed utilization but not for body weight.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Arsenicals/pharmacology , Bacitracin/pharmacology , Body Weight/drug effects , Chickens/growth & development , Coccidiostats/pharmacology , Food Additives/pharmacology , Pyrans/pharmacology , Roxarsone/pharmacology , Salicylates/pharmacology , Animals , Female , MaleSubject(s)
Swine/blood , Vitamin K/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Body Weight , Diet , Female , Hematocrit , Leukocyte Count , Male , Prothrombin Time , Pyrimidines/metabolism , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Swine/growth & development , Vitamin K/metabolism , Vitamin K/pharmacology , Vitamin K 2/analogs & derivativesSubject(s)
Poultry Diseases/drug therapy , Quail , Thiamine Deficiency/veterinary , Turkeys , Animals , Female , Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Folic Acid/therapeutic use , Injections, Subcutaneous , Male , Pantothenic Acid/administration & dosage , Pantothenic Acid/therapeutic use , Polyneuropathies/drug therapy , Polyneuropathies/veterinary , Poultry Diseases/diagnosis , Pyridoxine/administration & dosage , Pyridoxine/therapeutic use , Riboflavin/administration & dosage , Riboflavin/therapeutic use , Thiamine/administration & dosage , Thiamine/therapeutic use , Thiamine Deficiency/diagnosis , Thiamine Deficiency/drug therapy , Vitamin B Complex/administration & dosage , Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Anticoagulants , Chickens , Dicumarol , Vitamin K/analysis , Animals , Biological Assay , Female , Male , Prothrombin Time/veterinarySubject(s)
Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Dicumarol/pharmacology , Poultry , Prothrombin Time/drug effects , AnimalsABSTRACT
The efficacy of four preenrichment media (lactose broth, lactose broth with Tergitol, buffered peptone and M-9) and of direct enrichment in selenite cystine and modified tetrathionate broths for recovering two Salmonella serotypes from dry poultry feed was determined. The salmonellae, artificially inoculated and stored for 7 wk in the dry feed (1.5 to 2.2 cells of salmonellae/g of feed analyzed), were recovered from significantly more samples after preenrichment with M-9 or buffered peptone than with any of the other procedures tested.
ABSTRACT
The survival of Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella heidelberg in dry milk, cocoa powder, poultry feed, and meat and bone meal was studied at three water activities (aw) in the range of 0.4 to 0.75. S. montevideo was more resistant to the various dry environments than S. heidelberg . Salmonellae were enumerated immediately after inoculation, after 2 d, and after 1, 3, 7 and 14 wk. Survival was greater at aw of 0.43 and 0.52 than at 0.75 aw. Based on these findings and due to the marked differences in survival observed in the different products equilibrated at a specific aw value, it is concluded that the survival of salmonellae in a dry product cannot be predicted on the basis of the aw alone.