ABSTRACT
El propósito principal del presente estudio fue verificar la estructura factorial de las dos escalas que componen el Inventario Multicultural de la Expresión de la Ira y Hostilidad desde una perspectiva confirmatoria. Se utilizó el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio en una muestra de 264 participantes provenientes de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. El muestreo fue no probabilístico e incluyó estudiantes (25%), personal docente (17.8%) y personal administrativo (57.2%). La confiabilidad del instrumento fue evaluada mediante los modelos congenérico, tau-equivalente y paralelo para cada una de las seis subescalas del instrumento, así como también calculada en base al coeficiente alfa de Cronbach con intervalos de confianza.
The main purpose of this study was to verify the factorial structure of the two scales that make up the Multicultural Inventory of Expression of Anger and Hostility from a confirmatory perspective. We performed the Confirmatory Factor Analysis with a non-probability sample of 264 participants from a private university in Lima, Peru. The sampling included university students (25%), faculty members (17.8%) and administrative staff (57.2%). The reliability of the instrument was evaluated using the congeneric, tau-equivalent and parallel models for each of the six subscales of the instrument, as well as calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient with confidence intervals. Results: Factor analysis performed in the present Peruvian sample identified four dimensions for the Anger Expression Scale (Anger-In, Anger-Out, Anger/Control In, and Anger/Control-Out) and two factors for the Hostility Scale (impulsive reaction to anger; and temperament), which substantially verified the factor structure of previous studies conducted in Latin American samples. The congeneric modelindicates an appropriate fit for each of the subscales of anger and hostility. Based on the results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis performed in the present study, the factorial structure of both scales of the Multicultural Anger Expression and Hostility Inventory is robust and shows substantial empirical evidence of construction validity and internal consistency of the instrument.
ABSTRACT
Over the past 20 years, developmental psychologists have shown considerable interest in the onset of a theory of mind, typically marked by children's ability to pass false-belief tasks. In Western cultures, children pass such tasks around the age of 5 years, with variations of the tasks producing small changes in the age at which they are passed. Knowing whether this age of transition is common across diverse cultures is important to understanding what causes this development. Cross-cultural studies have produced mixed findings, possibly because of varying methods used in different cultures. The present study used a single procedure to measure false-belief understanding in five cultures: Canada, India, Peru, Samoa, and Thailand. With a standardized procedure, we found synchrony in the onset of mentalistic reasoning, with children crossing the false-belief milestone at approximately 5 years of age in every culture studied. The meaning of this synchrony for the origins of mental-state understanding is discussed.
Subject(s)
Child Development , Cognition , Culture , Problem Solving , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Female , Humans , India , Male , Peru , Samoa , ThailandABSTRACT
El presente estudio es una investigación comparativa sobre los efectos de la administración repetida del clorhidrato de cocaína (HCL de C), la Pasta Básica de Cocaína (PBC) y solución salina sobre la conducta motora y sexual de ratas albinas machos. Se trabajó con 15 sujetos de 3 meses y 21 días de edad al inicio del experimento. La actividad motora se registró durante 10 minutos, inmediatamente después de recibida la dosis interperitoneal de la droga a solución salina, bajo las categorias conductuales de actividad motora horizontal y vertical. La actividad sexual se registró durante 15 minutos inmediatamente después de observar la conducta motora bajo las categorias conductuales de monta, copulación y eyaculación. Los resultados revelan que la actividad motora aumentan bajo los efectos de la cocaína tanto en la forma de HCL de C como de PBC, siendo menor los efectos de ésta última debido a una concentración más baja del alcaloide cocaína. Contrariamente, la conducta sexual es inhibida bajo los efectos del HCL de C y de la PBC en administración crónica, siendo esta conducta mayor en el grupo de control