ABSTRACT
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double-stranded circular DNA virus belonging to the papillomavirus family. It is transmitted by skin-to-skin or mucosa-to-mucosa contact and enters the body via cutaneous or mucosal trauma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease, although it is usually cured by the immune system. Worldwide, the risk of being infected at least once in a lifetime among both men and women is 50%. HPV infection causes common and anogenital warts, as well as other non-dermatological diseases. The role of HPV in cancer development has been extensively studied, primarily in cervical cancer, but also in other types of neoplasms.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/virology , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Tumor Virus Infections/virology , Genome, Viral , Humans , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology , Tumor Virus Infections/pathology , Tumor Virus Infections/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/therapeutic use , Pyoderma Gangrenosum/drug therapy , Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome/immunology , Adolescent , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Male , Pyoderma Gangrenosum/diagnosis , Pyoderma Gangrenosum/immunology , Treatment Outcome , Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome/diagnosis , Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome/genetics , Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome/therapy , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Calciphylaxis is most commonly encountered in patients with end-stage renal disease; however, it is increasingly observed in nonuremic patients as well. It is important to consider and diagnose nonuremic calciphylaxis early, as prompt treatment and mitigation of associated risk factors is essential to improve long-term outcomes for these patients. Here, we present the case of a 71-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation on warfarin, but without renal disease, who presented with two long-standing ulcers on her thigh and was diagnosed with the aid of biopsy with calciphylaxis. We review the existing literature on the subject and offer this case as a representative report of a clinicopathologic correlation for this disorder.