Feasibility of a Physical Training Intervention With Music in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Physical activity performed with music activates important brain areas associated with cognition, emotions, and motor skills. Limited information is available on the feasibility and acceptability of physical activity and music interventions. The current study aimed to (a) determine the feasibility of a physical training intervention with music in older women, and (b) describe the differences between pretest and posttest variables (i.e., cognitive state, immediate memory, executive function, gait parameters [cadence and gait speed], muscle strength, flexibility, and symptoms of depression). Results suggest that the intervention with physical training and music was feasible, given the high acceptability and retention rates, high level of attendance at the sessions, and absence of adverse events. Significant improvements were observed in immediate memory (p ≤ 0.01), executive function (p ≤ 0.05), cadence (p ≤ 0.01), leg strength (p ≤ 0.01), right arm strength (p ≤ 0.01), left arm strength (p ≤ 0.05), symptoms of depression (p ≤ 0.01), and left lower body flexibility (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, a randomized clinical trial with a larger sample could confirm the effects of this intervention on memory, executive function, cadence, leg strength, arm strength, symptoms of depression, and left lower body flexibility. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(11), 37-43.].

Music therapy intervention in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study.

The purpose of the pilot study was twofold, seeking to investigate both the feasibility and preliminary effects of a music therapy intervention on the global cognitive state (attention, immediate and delayed memory, and executive function) and gait parameters (gait velocity, cadence, and right and left stride length) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Sixteen participants attended the one-hour music therapy sessions three times a week for 12 weeks. The intervention was feasible, achieving a retention rate of 84%. Significant effects were found in global cognitive state (p = .001), attention (p = .007), immediate memory (p < .001), delayed memory (p = .001), executive function (p = .002), gait velocity (p = .021), right stride length (p = .007), and left stride length (p = .014). These results suggest that music therapy intervention is a potentially innovative strategy for improving cognition and gait parameters in older adults with MCI.

Dating Violence, Lifestyle and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican Women University Students.

BACKGROUND: Dating violence is a prevalent issue among Mexican women, as is the incidence and prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The effects of dating violence can negatively impact lifestyle and, consequently, increase the risk of T2DM. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the influence of dating violence on lifestyle and the risk of T2DM in women university students from Mexico. METHODS: The study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design. The study population consisted of women university students. The sample size included 255 participants. Women aged 18 to 39 with current dating relationships and residency in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, were included. Data collection was conducted from February to May 2023. Correlations and multiple linear regression models were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 255 women participated, with an average age of 21.6 years (SD = 3.2), and 32.2% had a history of intrafamily violence during childhood. 58.8% of the participants exhibited some level of risk of T2DM, and 56.7% of the lifestyle was mostly categorized as poor/fair. Detachment was the most prevalent type of dating violence, followed by coercion. Dating violence was correlated with lifestyle (r = -.430) and the risk of T2DM (r = .321). In the multiple linear regression model, dating violence influenced the risk of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: Women who reported higher levels of dating violence have a less healthy lifestyle and a greater risk of T2DM. It is important to consider dating violence to improve lifestyle and prevent T2DM in Mexican women university students.

Relationship of Marianismo Beliefs With the Self-Care Behaviors of Mexican Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Mexican women have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and less compliance with T2DM self-care compared with Mexican men. The term marianismo refers to gender and religiocultural based beliefs that may be a barrier to self-care behaviors among Mexican women. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between marianismo beliefs and self-care behaviors in Mexican women with T2DM. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among women with T2DM who attended primary care centers in Oaxaca, Mexico during 2019. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities and the Marianismo Beliefs Scale were used to measure diabetes self-care and marianismo beliefs, respectively. RESULTS: Among the 547 participants, those with higher marianismo beliefs reported significantly lower scores in diabetes self-care, (r = -.128), exercise (r = -.150), self-monitoring of blood glucose (r = -.119), foot care (r = -.093), and oral hygiene (r = -.114; all p < .01). DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that Mexican women with strong marianismo beliefs are less likely to comply with T2DM self-care behaviors. Marianismo beliefs should be considered a potential risk factor for women's health, since Mexican women may value the social recognition of maintaining these beliefs more than self-care.

Construction of an intercultural care program for international migrants in northwestern Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the construction process of an intercultural care program for international migrants in northwestern Mexico. METHOD: Report of professional experiences, according to what was suggested by Daltro and Faria. RESULTS: The development and evolution of care for international migrants has favored the elaboration of a community-like Social Service Program for students of a public university in northwestern Mexico, so that intercultural health and health care for this population become part of the curricular training of the new generations of nursing graduates, in a context in which international migration is a topic of great social and cultural relevance. CONCLUSION: The construction and application of the Salud-Migrante program will enhance compliance with international recommendations on universal health for migrants, promoting respect for identity and cultural diversity in their actions.

Personality Traits and Self-Care Behaviors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

PURPOSE: Personality traits are an important factor in health behaviors. However, personality traits and self-care in T2DM in the Mexican population are not yet explored due to this; the purpose of this work was to explore the relationship of personality traits with self-care in Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 197 T2DM patients from a primary care center in Oaxaca, Mexico. The Big Five Inventory and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) were the tools used. Correlation models and multiple linear regression models were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Most of the study participants were women (74.6%). The mean age was 53.1 years (SD = 8.4). The average years of schooling of the participants were 5.7 (SD = 4.3). The number of years lived with T2DM was 9.0 (SD = 6.5). The waist circumference was 96.3 (SD = 14.2), and the BMI was 27.5 kg/m2 (SD = 4.1). The traits of conscientiousness (r = 0.283) and openness (r = 0.259) were positively correlated with self-care activities, while neuroticism was inversely correlated (r = -0.144). In the multiple linear regression models, only the conscientiousness and openness traits were predictors of self-care; they explained 19% of the variance. CONCLUSION: People with greater openness and conscientiousness were associated with greater compliance with self-care. Conversely, neuroticism was inversely associated with self-care in patients with T2DM.

Mild cognitive impairment: A concept analysis.

AIM: To clarify the concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and identify its attributes to enhance understanding of its implications for nursing practice and research. BACKGROUND: MCI is a concept that has evolved, thus clarification of this concept is essential for the advancement of nursing science. DESIGN: Walker and Avant's eight steps of concept analysis strategy was used. DATA SOURCE: Manuals of mental disorders and databases such as PubMed, Springer, PsychINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) from 1982 to 2018. REVIEW METHODS: A literature search was conducted using keywords such as "mild," "cognitive," "impairment," and "deterioration." RESULTS: The concept of MCI is defined as the transitional state between cognitive state normal for age and the early manifestation of dementia states. It is characterized by the presence of objective and subjective evidence of impairment in one or multiple cognitive domains, independence in daily activities, can be reversible, and is a risk factor for dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Clarification of MCI serves as a framework for identification, treatment, and interventions that may support healthy aging in older adults.

Use of Music Therapy to Improve Cognition in Older Adults With Dementia: An Integrative Review.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dementia is considered a public health priority due to physical, psychological, economic, and social repercussions in older adults, their families, and caregivers. To address this issue, healthcare providers can use music therapy as a complementary therapy. This manuscript was elaborated to analyze and synthesize the current evidence of the use of music therapy to improve cognition in older adults with dementia. METHODS: Using the Whittemore and Knafl (2005) method, databases searched were PubMed, CINAHL, Ovid, EBSCO, ProQuest, and PsycINFO, using the terms such as "Music Therapy," "Acoustic Stimulation," "Music," "Cognition," "Memory," "Attention," "Aged," and "Dementia." Studies that met the eligibility criteria were screened by title, abstract and full text. Quality of the studies were evaluated using critical appraisal tools and Cochrane "Risk of Bias" tool. RESULTS: A total of 211 articles were screened by title and abstract, but only 28 articles met the inclusion criteria and were full text screened. Of the 28 articles, only five studies were analyzed and synthesized as they focused specifically on music therapy and cognition. Three of the studies showed that active and active-passive approaches of music therapy produce significant effect on cognition in older adults with dementia. The common characteristic was the participation of music therapists or music teachers who delivered the music therapy sessions that resulted in improved cognition. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: As a safe, inexpensive intervention, it should be considered as a complementary therapy to positively impact cognition in older adults with different types of dementia and levels of severity.

Conductas del estilo de vida y sarcopenia en personas mayores de Mexicali México: estudio transversal / Lifestyle behaviors and sarcopenia in older adults from Mexicali, Mexico: cross-sectional study

Objetivo principal: Describir la prevalencia de sarcopenia y analizar la influencia de las conductas asociadas del estilo de vida en la sarcopenia en personas mayores residentes de Mexicali, México. Metodología: Se consideró un diseño descriptivo inferencial. Participaron 105 personas mayores de 60 años o más. El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Se evaluaron los criterios diagnósticos para sarcopenia y las conductas asociadas al estilo de vida. La investigación se realizó acorde a la reglamentación ética. Resultados principales: El 24,8% y el 59% presentaron uno de los tres estadios de la sarcopenia acorde a los puntos de corte para la población mexicana y EWGSOP respectivamente. Se encontró asociación con el IMC (p <,01) y sexo (p <,05). Conclusión principal: Se identificó que la prevalencia es menor cuando se consideran los puntos de corte regionales para México. El IMC y el sexo se asociaron con la sarcopenia. (AU)

Objetive: To describe the prevalence of sarcopenia and analyze the influence of lifestyle behaviors associated with sarcopenia in older adults residents of Mexicali, Mexico. Methods: A descriptive inferential design was considered. The participants were 105 older adults. The sampling was non-probabilistic. The research considers the evaluation of the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and the behaviors associated with lifestyle. The research considered the current national and international ethical regulations. Results: The 24.8% and 59% presented one of the three stages of sarcopenia according with the cut-off points for the Mexican population and the EWGSOP, respectively. BMI (p <.01) and sex (p <.05) were associated sarcopenia. Conclusions: It was found that the prevalence is lower when considering the regional cut-off points for northern Mexico. Only BMI and gender were associated with sarcopenia. (AU)

Conductas del estilo de vida y su asociación con los síntomas de depresión en personas adultas mayores durante la pandemia por coronavirus / Lifestyle behaviors and their association with depression symptoms in older adults during Coronavirus pandemic

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre las conductas del estilo de vida y síntomas de depresión en personas adultas mayores entre septiembre de 2021 y marzo de 2022 en Mexi-cali, Baja California (México). Materiales y métodos: Diseño de tipo transversal. Participaron 103 personas adultas mayores seleccionadas por un muestreo no probabilístico. Se aplicaron instrumentos para evaluar síntomas de depresión, el estado nutricional, actividad física, consumo de tabaco, consumo de alcohol y la presencia de problemas para dormir. Para el análisis de datos se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se construyó un modelo con las conductas del estilo de vida. La investigación se desarrolló con base en la reglamentación vigente. Resultados: El 34 % presenta riesgo de desnutrición; 92.2 % tiene baja actividad física; 9.7 % consume tabaco; 15 % consume alcohol; 38.8 % reportó presentar problemas para dormir, y 31.1 % presentó síntomas de depresión. Respecto a las conductas del estilo de vida, se encontró que las personas adultas mayores con riesgo de malnutrición o malnutrición tienen 3.182 (p < .5) más riesgo de desarrollar síntomas de depresión en comparación con quienes tienen un estado de peso adecuado. Conclusiones: El riesgo de malnutrición o malnutrición, así como el resto de conductas del estilo de vida, son factores modificables que pueden ser intervenidos por los profesionales de la salud a través de intervenciones multicomponentes, en las que se sumen esfuerzos para establecer programas de atención que apoyen a mejorar la salud física y mental de las personas adultas mayores.

ABSTRACT Objetive: To identify the association between lifestyle behaviors and depressive symptoms in older adults between September 2021 and March 2022 in Mexicali, Baja California (Mexico). Materials and methods: Transversal and inferential design. One hundred three older adults were selected using a non-probability sampling. Instruments were applied to assess symptoms of depression, nutritional status, physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol use, and sleep problems. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. A model was built with lifestyle behaviors. The research was developed based on the regulations in force. Results: 34 % are at risk of malnutrition; 92.2 % have low physical activity; 9.7 % use tobacco; 15 % drink alcohol; 38.8 % reported having trouble sleeping, and 31.1 % identified symptoms of depression. The older adults at risk of malnutrition or malnutrition showed three times more chance (p < .5) of having depression symptoms compared with those with adequate weight status. Conclusions: It is noteworthy that these lifestyle behaviors are modifiable factors that health professionals can intervene with through multicomponent interventions and join efforts to establish care programs that support the improving mental health of older adults.

"Tus pies te llaman": Impacto de una intervención para mejorar autocuidado de pies en diabetes / "Your feet call you": Impact of an intervention to improve self-care of feet in diabetes

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa individualizada en los conocimientos, autocuidado de los pies, control glucémico, riesgo de ulceración e incidencia de úlceras en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Material y Métodos: Estudio de intervención realizado en 65 pacientes ambulatorios, mayores de 35 años, con diabetes tipo 2, distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: grupo control (35) quien recibió un manual de cuidado de los pies, y grupo intervención (30) quien recibió la intervención, un kit de cuidado de los pies y un manual. El seguimiento se realizó a los tres y seis meses después de la intervención. El análisis estadístico incluyó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, prueba de Wilcoxon y prueba ANOVA de mediciones repetidas. Resultados: La intervención mejoró los conocimientos y el autocuidado de pies en el grupo de intervención, con diferencias significativas entre grupos (p=.001), pero no mejoró el control glucémico ni el riesgo de ulceración. Conclusiones: El programa "tus pies te llaman" fue efectivo parcialmente, este estudio puede ser replicado en instituciones de primer nivel de forma ordinaria para mejorar el autocuidado y prevenir la ulceración del pie a mediano plazo.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of an individualized educational intervention on knowledge, self-care of the feet, glycemic control, risk of ulceration and incidence of ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The intervention study, was carried out on 65 outpatients, over 35 years of age, with type 2 diabetes, patients were randomly distributed into two groups: the control group (35), who received a manual on foot care, and the intervention group (30), who received the intervention, a foot care kit, and manual. Follow-up was done at three and six months after the intervention. Statistical analysis included the Chi-square test, Wilcoxon test and the ANOVA test of repeated measures. Results: The intervention improved knowledge and foot self-care in the intervention group with significant differences between groups (p=.001), but not the glycemic control or the ulceration risk. Conclusions: The program "Your Feet Call You" was partially effective, and this study can be ordinarily replicated in first-level institutions to improve self-care and prevent foot ulceration in the medium term.

Construction of an intercultural care program for international migrants in northwestern Mexico / Construção de um programa de atenção intercultural para migrantes internacionais no noroeste do México / Construcción de un programa de cuidado intercultural para personas migrantes internacionales en el noroeste de México

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the construction process of an intercultural care program for international migrants in northwestern Mexico. Method: Report of professional experiences, according to what was suggested by Daltro and Faria. Results: The development and evolution of care for international migrants has favored the elaboration of a community-like Social Service Program for students of a public university in northwestern Mexico, so that intercultural health and health care for this population become part of the curricular training of the new generations of nursing graduates, in a context in which international migration is a topic of great social and cultural relevance. Conclusion: The construction and application of the Salud-Migrante program will enhance compliance with international recommendations on universal health for migrants, promoting respect for identity and cultural diversity in their actions.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o processo de construção de um programa de atendimento intercultural para migrantes internacionais no noroeste do México. Método: Relato de experiências profissionais, conforme sugerido por Daltro e Faria. Resultados: O desenvolvimento e a evolução do atendimento aos migrantes internacionais favoreceu a estruturação de um Programa de Serviço Social de tipo comunitário para estudantes de uma universidade pública do noroeste do México, de modo que a saúde intercultural e a atenção à saúde dessa população tornem-se parte da formação curricular do novas gerações de graduados em enfermagem, em um contexto em que a migração internacional é um tema de grande relevância social e cultural. Conclusão: A construção e aplicação do programa Salud-Migrante fortalecerá o cumprimento das recomendações internacionais sobre saúde universal para migrantes, promovendo o respeito à identidade e à diversidade cultural em suas ações.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el proceso de construcción de un programa de cuidado intercultural a personas migrantes internacionales en el noroeste de México. Método: Relato de experiencias profesionales, acorde a lo sugerido por Daltro y Faria. Resultados: El desarrollo y evolución del cuidado a personas migrantes internacionales ha favorecido la estructuración de un Programa de Servicio Social de tipo comunitario para estudiantes de una universidad pública en el noroeste de México, por lo que la salud intercultural y el cuidado a la salud a esta población se vuelve parte en la formación curricular de las nuevas generaciones de licenciados en enfermería, en un contexto en que la migración internacional es tema de gran relevancia social y cultural. Conclusión: La construcción y aplicación del programa Salud-Migrante fortalecerán el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones internacionales en materia de salud universal para personas migrantes, promoviendo en sus acciones el respeto a la identidad y diversidad cultural.

Estilo de vida del adulto mayor de acuerdo con el nivel socioeconómico, ocupación y vecindario / Elder adult´s lifestyle according to socioeconomic status, occupation and neighborhood

Resumen Objetivo: Conocer si el estilo de vida es determinado por el nivel socioeconómico, ocupación y vecindario de adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue transversal, correlacional, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia usando medios digitales de grupos conocidos. Se contactaron 101 adultos mayores por correo electrónico, WhatsApp o a través de conocidos. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la herramienta digital QuestionPro. Se usaron las subescalas del instrumento FANTASTIC: actividad física, nutrición, toxicidad (tabaco), alcohol, sueño, estrés y control de la salud; Neighborhood Environment Walkability Survey; el AMAI para valorar estilos de vida, caminabilidad del vecindario y nivel socioeconómico, respectivamente. así como preguntas abiertas sobre ocupación. Las medidas de tendencia central, dispersión, frecuencias y porcentajes describen las variables continuas y nominales, el Alpha de Cronbach la consistencia interna de los instrumentos y prueba de Kolmogorov Smirnov con corrección de Lilliefors para la distribución de variables. Se usaron coeficientes de correlación de Spearman y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para responder los objetivos. Resultados: A medida que el nivel socioeconómico mejora las medias de caminabilidad del vecindario aumentan (p < 0.001). El modelo de regresión lineal múltiple fue significativo (p < 0.001), el nivel socioeconómico (p = 0.006) y vecindario (p = 0.005), explican el 28% de la variación de estilos de vida. Conclusiones. El estudio permitió confirmar las teorizaciones en el sentido de que el estatus social y las oportunidades de vida, entendidas como el entorno inmediato juegan un papel importante en la elección del estilo de vida, en este caso representado por nivel socioeconómico y la caminabilidad del vecindario de los adultos mayores. Sin embargo, ello evidencia la desigualdad de oportunidades para mantener un estilo de vida saludable por parte de los adultos mayores, y es a la vez un reto para los profesionales de la salud.

Abstract Objective: To learn if elder adults lifestyle is determined by socioeconomic status, occupation, and neighborhood. Materials and methods: The design was cross sectional, correlational and a convenience non probabilistic sampling through digital social networks of known groups was used. One hundred and one older adults were contacted through e-mail, WhatsApp or by known groups (friends, classmates, professors). Data were collected through the QuestionPro digital tool. Lifestyle was measure using the following subscales: physical activity, nutrition, toxicity (tobacco), alcohol, sleep, stress and health control of the FANTASTIC instrument. Neighborhood's walkability was measured by short version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Survey, the AMAI index was used to determine the socioeconomic status, and the type of past or present occupation, activities performed and number of people under their command. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with Lilliefors correction, and nonparametric statistics were used. Results: As socioeconomic status went up medians of neighborhood walkability increased (p < 0.001). The linear multiple regression model was significant (p < 0.001); socioeconomic status (p = 0.006), and neighborhood (p = 0.005), explained 28% of the lifestyle variance. Conclusions. The study allowed some theoretical confirmation, in that social status, and life opportunities like environment, play an important role on lifestyle choices, in this study represented by socioeconomic status and neighborhood's walkability of elder adults. But results evidence social inequalities of opportunities to keep a healthy lifestyle by elder adults and at the same time it is a challenge for health professionals.

Asociación de los factores del estilo de vida con la sarcopenia: Revisión sistemática / Association of lifestyle factors with sarcopenia: Systematic Review

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre los factores de nutrición, actividad física, consumo de alcohol, tabaco y sueño con la sarcopenia en personas mayores. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de la evidencia disponible en las bases de datos Dialnet, Science Direct, Scielo, and PubMed. Para las estrategias de búsqueda, se consideraron los términos en español e inglés, acorde a los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud y los Medical Subject Headings. Se emplearon los operadores booleanos "AND" y "OR". Un total de 21 estudios fueron analizados y sintetizados. Resultados: Se identificó que el consumo de nueces, frutas y omega tres puede asociarse con una menor probabilidad para desarrollar sarcopenia. El mantenerse activo sugiere una menor probabilidad para que se presente sarcopenia, en contraste las personas mayores sedentarias tienen mayores riesgos. El consumo de alcohol es un factor que se asocia con mayor probabilidad para generar sarcopenia en mujeres. En la mayoría de los estudios, el consumo de tabaco no muestra asociación significativa con la sarcopenia. En cuanto al sueño, se reporta que dormir menos de 6 horas o más de 8 horas puede incrementar la probabilidad de presentar sarcopenia en mujeres. Conclusiones: Es ideal considerar la identificación oportuna de estos factores de riesgo que están presentes en el estilo de vida, y que son susceptibles a ser modificados durante las etapas previas a la tercera edad.

Abstract Objective: To identify the association between the factors of nutrition, physical activity, alcohol consumption, tobacco and sleep with sarcopenia in older people. Materials and methods: A search of the available evidence was carried out in the Dialnet, Science Direct, Scielo, and PubMed databases. For the search strategies, the terms in Spanish and English were considered, according to the Descriptors in Health Sciences and the Medical Subject Headings. The Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" were used. A total of 21 studies were analyzed and synthesized. Results: It was identified that the consumption of nuts, fruits and omega three may be associated with a lower probability of developing sarcopenia. Staying active suggests a lower probability of sarcopenia, in contrast, sedentary older people have higher risks. Alcohol consumption is a factor that is associated with a higher probability of generating sarcopenia in women. In most studies, tobacco use shows no significant association with sarcopenia. Regarding sleep, it is reported that sleeping less than 6 hours or more tan 8 hours can increase the probability of presenting sarcopenia in women. Conclusions: It is ideal to consider the timely identification of these risk factors that are present in the lifestyle, and that are likely to be modified during the stages prior to old age.

Estado cognitivo y estrategias de compensación de memoria en personas adultas mayores / Cognitive state and memory compensation stategies in older adults

Resumen Objetivo: Explorar la relación entre el estado cognitivo y las estrategias de compensación de memoria en personas adultas mayores que asisten a un centro de actividades diarias. Materiales y métodos: Se empleó un diseño descriptivo correlacional en 110 adultos mayores asistentes a un centro público de actividades recreativas. Se aplicó una cédula de datos personales, la Evaluación Cognitiva de Montreal y el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Compensación de Memoria. La investigación se realizó bajo la reglamentación vigente en México para la investigación en materia de salud. Resultados: El 54.5% de los participantes presentaron un estado cognitivo adecuado, 29.1% obtuvieron puntajes indicativos de probable demencia y 16.4% de deterioro cognitivo leve. La estrategia de compensación más empleada fue la del tiempo, seguido de las estrategias externas, esfuerzo, interna y confianza. El estado cognitivo se relacionó con las estrategias de confianza (p= 0.002) y esfuerzo (p= 0.013). El grupo con deterioro cognitivo leve uso mayormente la estrategia tiempo (p= 0.026) en comparación con los otros dos grupos. En cambio, el grupo de probable demencia, empleo mayormente la estrategia confianza (p= 0.013). Conclusiones: Ante el declive cognitivo, mayor será la necesidad de apoyarse en otra persona, así como el esfuerzo que realicen para recordar información. Además, las personas adultas mayores con deterioro cognitivo leve emplean más tiempo para lograr recordar, mientras que aquellas con probable demencia, compensan el declive apoyándose en otra persona para recordar. Este conocimiento podría apoyar en un futuro el desarrollo de intervenciones centradas en compensar el daño cognitivo y con ello favorecer a retrasar el declive cognitivo.

Abstract Objective: To explore the relationship between cognitive status and memory compensation strategies in older adults attending a daily activity center. Materials and methods: A descriptive and correlational design was applied in 110 older adults who attended a public recreational activities center. A personal data questionnaire, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Memory Compensation Strategies Questionnaire were applied. The research was conducted under the ethical current regulations for health research in Mexico. Results: 54.5% of participants had adequate cognitive status, 29.1% obtained scores indicative of probable dementia, and 16.4% of mild cognitive impairment. The most frequently used compensation strategy was time, followed by external, effort, internal, and reliance strategies. Cognitive status was related to the strategies of confidence (p= .002) and effort (p= .013). The mild cognitive impairment group used more time strategy (p= .026) compared to the other two groups. In contrast, the probable dementia group used more the reliance strategy (p= .013). Conclusions: The greater the cognitive decline, the greater the need to rely on another person, as well as the effort made to remember information. In addition, older adults with mild cognitive impairment spent more time to remember, while those with probable dementia compensated for the decline by relying on another person to remember. This knowledge could support in the future the development of interventions focused on compensating for cognitive impairment and thus help to delay cognitive decline.

Percepciones sobre el uso del condón en migrantes haitianos en la frontera noroeste de México / Perceptions of condom use in Haitian migrants on the northwestern border of México

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar las percepciones sobre el uso de condón en migrantes haitianos en la frontera noroeste de México. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de enfoque cualitativo y diseño etnográfico, en el abordo a siete migrantes haitianos en la zona fronteriza de la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California, México, con quienes se desarrolló una entrevista semiestructurada, la información fue analizada por el programa NVivo, para comprender frecuencia y estructura de los datos; posteriormente se realizó un proceso de categorización, interpretación y teorización del fenómeno de estudio. De un total de 281 unidades de análisis, se realizó un proceso de categorización, que permitió estructurar dos categorías, seis subcategorías y 12 códigos. Resultados: Se identifica que el uso del condón en migrantes haitianos, es interpretado como un elemento de protección a la salud sexual en la prevención de embarazos no planeados; no obstante, se identifican barreras y consecuencias del uso a nivel personal, cultural y religioso. La construcción de la idea de usarlo, recae en el tipo de relación y nivel de confianza que se tiene de la pareja sexual por lo que estar casado o vivir en concubinato, exime de la obligación o del compromiso social de usar el condón. Así mismo la idea de protección, no refleja la preocupación sobre la transmisión de las ITS. Conclusiones: El condón se percibe como un elemento de importancia para la prevención de embarazos no planeados y del VIH, sin embargo, la presencia de factores personales, sensoriales e ideológicos limitan el uso constante del condón; por lo que el desarrollo de intervenciones culturalmente adaptadas, a la población de migrantes haitianos, en el contexto de la frontera norte de México, pueden fortalecer el uso del condón y la prevención del VIH

Abstract Objective: To identify the perceptions of condom use in Haitian migrants in the northwestern border of Mexico. Materials and methods: Study with a qualitative approach and ethnographic design, on board seven Haitian migrants in the border area of the city of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, with whom a semi-structured interview was developed, the information was analyzed by the NVivo program, to understand the frequency and structure of the data; later a process of categorization, interpretation and theorization of the study phenomenon was carried out. Out of a total of 281 units of analysis, a categorization process was carried out, which made it possible to structure two categories, six subcategories and 12 codes. Results: It is identified that the use of condoms in Haitian migrants is interpreted as an element of protection of sexual health in the prevention of unplanned pregnancies; however, barriers and consequences of use are identified on a personal, cultural and religious level. The construction of the idea of using it relies on the type of relationship and level of trust that one has in the sexual partner, so being married or living in a common-law relationship exempts the obligation or social commitment of using the condom. Likewise, the idea of protection does not reflect the concern about the transmission of STIs. Conclusions: The condom is perceived as an important element for the prevention of unintended pregnancies and HIV, however, the presence of personal, sensory and ideological factors limit the constant use of the condom; Therefore, the development of culturally adapted interventions for the Haitian migrant population, in the context of the northern border of Mexico, can strengthen condom use and HIV prevention.

Porcentaje de grasa corporal en escolares y su asociación con el estilo de vida y macronutrientes / Body fat percentage in school students and its association with lifestyle and macronutrients

Introducción: Identificar la asociación entre los estilos de vida, el consumo de macronutrientes y el porcentaje de grasa corporal en escolares, y comparar por estado de peso. Materiales y Métodos: Corte transversal analítico en escolares de la ciudad de Durango a quienes se les midió antropometría, presión arterial, antecedentes familiares, estilos de vida y consumo de macronutrientes. El análisis de datos fue descriptivo, se obtuvieron medidas de tendencia central de las variables cuantitativas que mostraron una distribución normal. Las variables cualitativas se describen con valores relativos. Se realzó análisis comparativo por estado de peso. Se respetaron aspectos éticos según la reglamentación vigente. Resultados: La edad promedio 9.1 años, índice de masa corporal promedio 17.8 kg/m2, porcentaje de grasa corporal promedio 20%. El 38.7% de los escolares presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. La presión sistólica y diastólica promedio fue 93/60mmHg. Niños con sobrepeso y obesidad más riesgo de cifras de presión sistólica y diastólica alteradas. Estilos de vida y consumo de macronutrientes mostraron promedio de 64.1 y 39.5 y no influyeron en el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren incluir el uso de mediciones mas objetivas de los estilos de vida, y resaltan la importancia de abordar eficientemente la problemática del sobrepeso y obesidad y disminuir riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas a temprana edad.

Introduction: Identify the association between lifestyles, macronutrients intake, and body fat percentage from school age children, and compare by weight status. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analytical in school children from Durango City. Anthropometry, blood pressure, family history, lifestyle, and macronutrient intake was measured. Data analysis included descriptive statistic, quantitative variables that showed a normal distribution were got measures of central tendency. The qualitative variables were described with relative values. Comparative analysis was done by weight status. Ethical issues were respected as required by regulations. Results: Fifty two percent were male, mean age was 9.1 years, mean body mass index 17.8 kg/m2, body fat percentage average 20, thirty-five and 42.4% of children were overweight or obese according to body mass index and body fat percentage respectively; the average of systolic and diastolic were 93/60mmHg. Children with overweight or obese have more risk of high systolic and diastolic blood pressure than children whit normal weight or below. The lifestyle and macronutrient intake showed average of 64.1 and 39.5, and did not influence on body fat percentage. Discussion and Conclusions: The results suggest to include the use more objective measurements of lifestyles, and highlight the importance of effectively addressing the problem of overweight and obesity and decrease risk of developing chronic diseases at an early age.

Macronutrientes, presión arterial y estado de peso en escolares de Durango, México / Macronutrients, blood pressure and weight status in school-age children in Durango, Mexico

Resumen:

Objetivo: determinar la influencia del consumo de macronutrientes (CM) en el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC) y del PGC sobre la presión arterial (PA).

Metodología: análisis secundario, diseño descriptivo correlacional. Se emplearon un total de 127 expedientes de escolares de ambos sexos de 16 escuelas primarias públicas en la ciudad de Durango, México. El resto de los expedientes de la muestra del análisis primario fueron excluidos, al no contar con los datos necesarios el análisis. Dichos datos fueron analizados usando SPSS v 15.0. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, PA, PGC y frecuencia de consumo semanal de macronutrientes. Resultados: dentro de la población se encontró que existe mayor frecuencia de consumo de grasas (53%). El 2,9% presenta cifras para hipertensión arterial y 3,4% prehipertensión arterial. Existe sobrepeso y obesidad en el 11% y el 19%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: no se encontró influencia del consumo de macronutrientes y el PGC (p= 0,12). Se encontró influencia entre PGC y presión sistólica (25,3%) y diastólica (23,4%).

Abstract:

To assess macronutrients use (MU) influence on body fat rate (BFR) and BFR influence on blood pressure (BP). Methods: A secondary analysis using a correlational descriptive design was performed. Reports from 127 school-age boys and girls from 16 public primary schools in Durango, Mexico, were used. The remaining reports in primary analysis sample were excluded because of missing data. All analyses were performed with SPSS v 15.0 software. Socio-demographic variables, BP, BFR, and weekly intake of macronutrients were evaluated. Results: A higher frequency of fat intake was found among sampled population (53%). Hypertension was found in 2.9% and pre-hypertension in 3.4%. Overweight and obesity were present in 11% and 19% of participants, respectively. Conclusions: No influence from macronutrients use or BFR was found (p = .12). A relationship between BFR and systolic (p = .000) and diastolic blood pressure (p = .000) was observed.

Objetivo: determinar a influência do consumo de macronutrientes (CM) na porcentagem de gordura corporal (PGC) e deste sobre os valores da pressão arterial (PA).

Método: a análise secundária, projeto descritivo correlacional. Um total de 127 registros escolares de ambos os sexos de 16 escolas públicas da cidade de Durango, no México foram utilizados. O restante dos registros mostra a análise foram excluídos. Resultados: foram realizadas medições da CM, antropométricas e PA. Análise feita com SPSS 15.0 espanhol. Foi encontrada alta frequência do CM, de gordura (53%). Pré-hipertensão em 3.4% e 2.9% com hipertensão arterial. Quanto ao PGC, 11% sobrepeso e 19% apresentaram obesidade. Discussão: os macronutrientes não influenciam na PGC (p= 12), enquanto a PGC influencia nos valores de PA sistólica (28,3%) diastólica (23,4%).