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1.
Rev Med Suisse ; 20(868): 682-687, 2024 Apr 03.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38568060

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis, particularly in its isolated cardiac form, represents a major challenge due to non-specific symptoms and the limited sensitivity and specificity of basic cardiac investigations. MRI and metabolic PET-CT are important elements in the diagnostic process. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone for the treatment of the inflammatory phase, in association with biological agents and steroid-sparing therapies. The goal is to limit the progression of fibrosis, which is a source of malignant arrhythmias and heart failure. The indication for implantation of a cardiac defibrillator must be carefully evaluated to reduce the risk of sudden death. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for optimal care.


Le diagnostic de sarcoïdose cardiaque, en particulier dans sa forme cardiaque isolée, représente un défi majeur en raison de symptômes aspécifiques et d'une sensibilité et spécificité limitées des explorations cardiologiques de base. L'IRM et le PET-CT métabolique sont devenus des éléments essentiels dans le processus diagnostique. Les corticostéroïdes restent la pierre angulaire du traitement dans la phase inflammatoire, parallèlement aux agents biologiques et aux thérapies d'épargne cortisonique. L'objectif est d'éviter la progression vers la fibrose, source d'arythmies malignes et d'insuffisance cardiaque. L'indication à l'implantation d'un défibrillateur cardiaque doit être soigneusement évaluée afin de réduire le risque de mort subite. Une collaboration multidisciplinaire est essentielle afin d'assurer une prise en charge optimale.


Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Myocarditis , Sarcoidosis , Humans , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Heart , Sarcoidosis/diagnosis , Sarcoidosis/therapy
2.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(776): 660-668, 2022 Apr 06.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35385617

ABSTRACT

The notion of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (IRP) appeared in the scientific literature in the 1930s. In 1955, W. Dressler published a case series of IRP in which treatment of cortisone and salicylates (i.e. Aspirin) was effective. About 30 years later, De La Serna et al. in 1987 and Guindo et al. in 1990, reported a beneficial effect of colchicine. In recent years, several clinical studies have helped to i mprove the management of this disease. In this present literature review of IRP, we will focus on the definition, differential diagnoses, pathophysiological hypotheses and available treatments. We will also discuss the clinical experience at the division of clinical immunology at the University Hospitals of Geneva.


La notion de péricardite récurrente idiopathique (PRI) apparaît dans la littérature scientifique dans les années 1930. En 1955, Dressler publie une série de cas de PRI où les traitements de cortisone et les salicylates (c'est-à-dire l'aspirine) semblent être efficaces. Environ 30 ans plus tard, De La Serna et coll., en 1987, et Guindo et coll., en 1990, évoquent un effet bénéfique de la colchicine. Depuis le développement clinique moderne, plusieurs études ont permis de faire évoluer la prise en charge de cette entité. Dans cette revue de littérature de la PRI, nous nous intéressons à la définition, aux diagnostics différentiels, aux hypothèses physiopathologiques ainsi qu'aux traitements disponibles. Nous parlons également de l'expérience clinique de cette pathologie au sein de notre Service d'immunologie clinique aux HUG.


Subject(s)
Pericarditis , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Colchicine/therapeutic use , Humans , Pericarditis/diagnosis , Pericarditis/drug therapy , Pericarditis/etiology , Recurrence
3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(806): 2297-2300, 2022 Nov 30.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36448952

ABSTRACT

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multiorgan autoimmune disease with varied clinical and laboratory manifestations. Although common in lupus disease, liver test disturbance is rarely seen as a primary manifestation at diagnosis. In this case report, we describe acute hepatitis as the initial presentation of SLE in a young woman.


Le lupus érythémateux systémique (LES) est une maladie autoimmune multiorganique complexe aux manifestations cliniques et biologiques variées. Bien que fréquente au cours de la maladie lupique, une perturbation des tests hépatiques est rarement observée comme manifestation principale au moment du diagnostic. Dans ce cas clinique, nous décrivons une hépatite aiguë comme présentation initiale d'un LES chez une jeune femme.


Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases , Hepatitis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Female , Humans , Hepatitis/diagnosis , Hepatitis/etiology , Acute Disease , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Laboratories
4.
Rev Med Suisse ; 16(711): 1988-1994, 2020 Oct 21.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33085255

ABSTRACT

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the general population and in patients with sepsis hospitalized in intensive care. The indication for long-term anticoagulation is based on expert recommendations that take into account data from the general population and thus recommend therapeutic anticoagulation for AF longer than 48 hours. However, a majority of new onset AF in intensive care seem to last less than 48 hours and additional risk factors such as the type of sepsis, the drugs administered as well as the presence of a central venous catheters, are involved. Moreover, the increased of minor and major hemorrhage renders it difficult to apply the usual recommendations. In this literature review, we will focus on the various risk factors, prognosis, and indication of long-term anticoagulation in the new onset AF in this population.


La fibrillation auriculaire (FA) est l'arythmie cardiaque la plus fréquente chez les patients en sepsis admis aux soins intensifs. L'indication à une anticoagulation au long cours se fonde sur des recommandations d'experts qui proposent une anticoagulation thérapeutique pour les FA de plus de 48 heures, compte tenu de données populationnelles. Or, la majorité de ces FA inaugurales semblent durer moins longtemps. La sévérité du sepsis, les médicaments administrés, la présence d'une voie veineuse centrale sont autant de facteurs de risque de survenue. S'y ajoute un risque hémorragique accru, rendant difficile l'application des recommandations usuelles. Nous allons, dans cette revue de littérature, nous intéresser aux facteurs de risque, au pronostic et à l'indication d'une anticoagulation au long cours de la FA inaugurale dans cette population.


Subject(s)
Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation , Sepsis , Blood Coagulation , Hemorrhage , Humans , Risk Factors
5.
Rev Med Suisse ; 14(592): 294-296, 2018 Jan 31.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29384278

ABSTRACT

Arbovirus infections are emerging pathogens leading sometimes to severe disease. This virus is transmitted by sandflies in the Mediterranean countries during the summer season. The disease is often asymptomatic but can also cause an influenza-like illness and aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. The treatment is supportive and preventive measures should be taken in order to avoid an infection when travelling to the affected areas. The differential diagnosis of fever in the returning traveler from southern European countries should include Toscana virus.


Le Toscana virus est un arbovirus transmis par les moustiques de la famille des phlébotomes. Il est principalement présent dans les pays du bassin méditerranéen et peut provoquer des infections durant l'été. Dans la majorité des cas, les infections sont asymptomatiques, mais elles peuvent également occasionner un syndrome grippal qui peut se compliquer d'une atteinte du système nerveux central, se traduisant par une méningite ou une encéphalite. Le traitement est symptomatique et seule la prévention des piqûres de moustique permet de diminuer le risque d'infection. Une infection à Toscana virus doit être considérée dans le diagnostic différentiel d'un état fébrile au retour d'un voyage en Europe du Sud.


Subject(s)
Phlebotomus Fever , Psychodidae , Sandfly fever Naples virus , Animals , Fever/etiology , Italy , Phlebotomus Fever/diagnosis , Travel
6.
Eur Heart J Case Rep ; 8(4): ytae160, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38887779

ABSTRACT

Background: Desmoplakin cardiomyopathy has been recently classified as a non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by inflammatory-like episodes followed by left ventricular fibrosis/dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias. Specific management is unclear. Case summary: We report a detailed case of a 46-year-old Caucasian woman presenting with repeated sudden cardiac arrests who was diagnosed with a new variant in the desmoplakin gene. Because the initial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan showed significant hypermetabolism, she was treated with immunosuppressors, with only minimal improvement on imaging. Discussion: Desmoplakin cardiomyopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory cardiomyopathies. Little is known about the use of immunosuppressive treatments, but it could be reasonable for some selected patients.

7.
Autoimmun Rev ; 22(6): 103330, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37031831

ABSTRACT

Systemic sclerosis is a rare autoimmune vasculopathy associated with dysregulated innate and adaptive immunity that leads to generalized systemic fibrosis. Renal involvement occurs in a significant proportion of systemic sclerosis patients, and is associated with worse outcome. Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is the most studied and feared renal complication described in systemic sclerosis. However, with the emergence of ACE inhibitors and better management, the mortality rate of SRC has significantly decreased. Renal disease in systemic sclerosis offers a wide array of differential diagnoses that may be challenging for the clinician. The spectrum of renal manifestations in systemic sclerosis ranges from an isolated decrease in glomerular filtration rate, increased intrarenal arterial stiffness, and isolated proteinuria due to SRC to more rare manifestations such as association with antiphospholipid antibody nephropathy and ANCA-associated vasculitis. The changes observed in the kidneys in systemic sclerosis are thought to be due to a complex interplay of various factors, including renal vasculopathy, as well as the involvement of the complement system, vasoactive mediators such as endothelin-1, autoimmunity, prothrombotic and profibrotic cytokines, among others. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the main renal manifestations in systemic sclerosis by discussing the most recent epidemiological and pathophysiological data available and the challenges for clinicians in making a diagnosis of renal disease in patients with systemic sclerosis.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury , Scleroderma, Localized , Scleroderma, Systemic , Humans , Kidney , Scleroderma, Systemic/diagnosis , Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors , Scleroderma, Localized/complications
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