ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analizar los diferentes elementos en los argumentos recibidos durante la consulta pública del Proyecto de Modificación a la Norma Oficial Mexicana-051 (NOM-051), con énfasis en la protección de niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNA). Material y métodos. Se analizó la información de 1 095 argumentos, se identificó a los actores clave y se realizó un análisis de contenido para conocer la postura, a favor o en contra de los numerales relacionados con la protección a NNA. El análisis se hizo en el programa NVivo. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 781 actores clave. Durante la consulta pública se identificaron cuatro tácticas del sector privado para interferir en el proceso de la NOM-051: a) grupos fachada que enviaron comentarios en contra de la NOM-051; b) cuestionar la evidencia científica sobre la relación del consumo de edulcorantes y el desarrollo de obesidad en escolares; c) cuestionar la efectividad del uso del etiquetado de advertencia para edulcorantes; d) responsabilizar a los individuos de su enfermedad. Conclusión. La interferencia del sector privado en el proceso de implementación de la NOM-051 fue evidente en los argumentos enviados durante la consulta pública.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In Mexico, the inclusion of a front-of-pack label in the Official Mexican Standard 051 (NOM-051 for its Spanish acronym) has been widely discussed for years by different stakeholder groups. In 2019, the NOM-051 modification project was proposed, which included front-of-pack warning labels. To be modified, it underwent a public consultation period where stakeholders sent their comments to be reviewed and considered. The purpose of this study was to analyse the stakeholders' perspectives during the public consultation of the NOM-051 modification project. METHODS: To assess perspectives, the 795 comments available on the National Commission for Regulatory Improvement website were analysed. Identity, expectations and demands were identified from each comment using content analysis in NVivo. In addition, frequencies and percentages were obtained. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of the comments were opposed to the NOM-051 modification project. Industry and business interest nongovernmental organizations were against it; they considered that their revenues and profits would be affected. Public interest nongovernmental organizations, academia and health professionals were in favour, stating that the changes proposed are fundamental to informing consumers and improving food choices, and an essential factor in reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Stakeholders in favour expected that eating habits would improve, and demanded that the front-of-pack warning label suggested in the modification proposal be maintained. CONCLUSIONS: The comments opposed to the NOM-051 modification project were consistent with the literature, indicating that food industry stakeholders use all possible arguments to interfere in public health policies. The main issues used by the food industry to discredit the NOM-051 modification project coincide with those used in other countries to stop public health policies and with those used by the tobacco industry to avoid market regulations. On the other hand, those in favour looked after the interests of the Mexican population.
Subject(s)
Food Industry , Food Labeling , Consumer Behavior , Humans , Mexico , Obesity , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Se expone el perfíl humano, las diferentes disciplinas y la situación actual de la enseñanza en medicina de emergencias y medicana de catástrofe (AU)