ABSTRACT
Functional anti-N. meningitidis serogroup A (MenA) activity in human serum is detected by serum bactericidal assay (SBA), using either rabbit (rSBA) or human (hSBA) complement, with F8238 as the recommended MenA SBA target strain. However, the F8238 strain may not be optimal for this purpose because, as we show here, it expresses the L11 immunotype, whereas most MenA invasive strains express the L(3,7)9 or L10 immunotype. Moreover, SBA results may be strain dependent, because immunotypes differ in their sensitivity to complement, emphasizing the need to choose the most appropriate strain. Sera from random subsets of infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents in clinical trials of MenA conjugate vaccines were tested by rSBA using strains 3125 (L10) and F8238 (L11). In unvaccinated subjects from all age groups, the percentages of seropositive samples (rSBA-MenA titer, ≥1:8) was lower using strain 3125 than using strain F8238. However, in toddlers and adolescents immunized with a conjugate MenA vaccine, the percentages of seropositive samples generally were similar using either strain in the rSBA. In two studies, sera also were tested with hSBA. Using hSBA, the differences in the percentages of seroprotective samples (hSBA-MenA titer, ≥1:4) between strains 3125 and F8238 was less apparent, and in contrast with rSBA, the percentage of seroprotective samples from unvaccinated subjects was slightly higher using strain 3125 than using strain F8238. In adults vaccinated with plain MenA polysaccharide, the percentage of seroprotective samples was higher using strain 3125 than with strain F8238, and the vaccine response rates using strain 3125 were better aligned with the demonstrated efficacy of MenA vaccination. In conclusion, SBA results obtained using the MenA L10 3125 strain better reflected vaccine-induced immunity.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Meningococcal Vaccines/immunology , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A/immunology , Serologic Tests/methods , Adolescent , Age Factors , Blood Bactericidal Activity , Child , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Meningococcal Vaccines/standards , Species Specificity , Vaccination , Vaccines, Conjugate/immunologyABSTRACT
Antibody-mediated killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) by phagocytes is an important mechanism of protection of the human host against pneumococcal infections. Measurement of opsonophagocytic antibodies by use of a standardized opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) is important for the evaluation of candidate vaccines and required for the licensure of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccine formulations. We assessed agreement among six laboratories that used their own optimized OPAs on a panel of 16 human reference sera for 13 pneumococcal serotypes. Consensus titers, estimated using an analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) mixed-effects model, provided a common reference for assessing agreement among these laboratories. Agreement was evaluated in terms of assay accuracy, reproducibility, repeatability, precision, and bias. We also reviewed four acceptance criterion intervals for assessing the comparability of protocols when assaying the same reference sera. The precision, accuracy, and concordance results among laboratories and the consensus titers revealed acceptable agreement. The results of this study indicate that the bioassays evaluated in this study are robust, and the resultant OPA values are reproducible for the determination of functional antibody titers specific to 13 pneumococcal serotypes when performed by laboratories using highly standardized but not identical assays. The statistical methodologies employed in this study may serve as a template for evaluating future multilaboratory studies.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Opsonin Proteins/immunology , Phagocytosis/immunology , Pneumococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Humans , Immunoassay/methods , Immunoassay/standards , Phagocytes/immunology , Pneumococcal Infections/immunology , Reference Standards , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Immunological evaluation of the clinical impact of vaccines designed to protect against infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae requires measurement of serotype-specific functional antibodies. We describe the development and validation of a viable pneumococcal opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) that can be used for routine serological analysis of paediatric immune responses after immunization. OPA seropositivity (%> or =8 threshold) reflected well invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) effectiveness. In contrast, the 22F inhibition ELISA seropositivity (%> or =0.20microg/ml threshold) overestimated (19F) or underestimated (6B, 23F, 6A) IPD effectiveness for several serotypes. The seropositivity as estimated by a standardized and highly reproducible OPA was predictive for the serotype-specific IPD efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.