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1.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 77(6): 517-520, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29223948

ABSTRACT

In a series of nine patients with histopathological diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, we retrospectively evaluated clinical data, exposure related factors, pulmonary function tests and chest computed tomography scans. A restrictive abnormality with reduction of diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide was mainly found. Chest scans showed fibrotic patterns in most cases; ground glass attenuation areas with mosaic pattern and consolidation in the rest. Exposure to avian antigens, cereal grains and air conditioners contaminated with fungi yeasts and bacteria, were suspected from clinical data in two-thirds of the cases. Since there are no unique features that allow differentiation from other interstitial lung diseases, a high clinical suspicion is required and a careful search of environmental exposure to possible antigens is needed that, together with clinical, radiological and pathological data, may lead to diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/diagnosis , Aged , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/pathology , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/surgery , Biopsy/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Respiratory Function Tests , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
3.
Semin Arthritis Rheum ; 59: 152164, 2023 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36773521

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy, toxicity and glucocorticoid (GC)-sparing effects of intravenous cyclophosphamide (iv CYC) with other immunosuppressive regimes as the induction treatment for Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy-Related Interstitial Lung Disease (IIM-ILD). METHODS: Observational comparative study of patients with IIM-ILD from the EPIMAR and Cruces cohorts. The main efficacy outcome was a 6 to 12-month improvement >10% in the forced vital capacity (FVC) from baseline. RESULTS: Overall, 47 patients were included: 22 (47%) in the CYC group and 25 (53%) in the non-CYC group (32% azathioprine, 28% GC alone, 20% mycophenolate, 16% calcineurin-inhibitors and methotrexate and 4% rituximab). 81% patients were female with a mean age of 50.4 years. FVC improvement was achieved by 64% patients in the CYC group vs. 32% in the non-CYC group (p = 0.03). In the logistic regression model, CYC was identified as the only independent predictor of FVC improvement (OR=3.97, 95% CI 1.07-14.75). Patients in the CYC group received more methyl-prednisolone pulses (MP) (59% vs. 28% in the non-CYC group, p = 0.03), less initial GCs doses >30 mg/d (19% vs. 77%, p = 0.001) and lower 6-month average doses of prednisone (11 mg/d vs. 31.1 mg/d, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: iv CYC showed better functional outcomes than other immunosuppressants in IIM-ILD. The additional use of MP is likely to potentiate the effects of CYC and allows lowering prednisone doses. Therefore, CYC in combination with MP could be considered as the first line induction therapy in IIM-ILD, without limiting its use to rapidly progressive, life-threatening or refractory disease.


Subject(s)
Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Myositis , Scleroderma, Systemic , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Male , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Scleroderma, Systemic/drug therapy
4.
Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed) ; 55(2): 75-80, 2019 Feb.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30049557

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Pirfenidone was the first antifibrotic drug approved in Argentina for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Outcomes in real life may differ from the results of clinical trials. The primary endpoint was to study the tolerance of pirfenidone in real life. Secondary endpoints were to analyze effectiveness and reasons for discontinuation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study conducted in 4 specialized centers in Argentina. We analyzed the medical records of patients with IPF who received pirfenidone between June 2013 and September 2016. Adverse events (AE) and the variables that could influence these results were analyzed. Forced vital capacity (FVC%) parameters were also compared between the pre-pirfenidone and post-pirfenidone periods. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included, 38 (76%) men, with mean age (SD) 67.8 (8.36) years. Mean (SD) exposure to pirfenidone was 645.68 (428.19) days, with a mean daily dose (SD) of 2,064.56mg (301.49). Nineteen AEs in 15 patients (30%) were reported: nausea (14%), asthenia (10%) and skin rash (8%). A total of 18 patients (36%) interrupted treatment, only 1 definitively. The most frequent reason for discontinuation was failure of suppliers to provide the drug (9 subjects; 18%). We compared the evolution of FVC% between the pre-pirfenidone and post-pirfenidone periods, and found a mean (SD) FVC% decline of 4.03% (7.63) pre-pirfenidone and 2.64% (7.1) post-pirfenidone (P=.534). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, pirfenidone was well tolerated and associated with a reduction in FVC decline, although without reaching statistical significance.


Subject(s)
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Pyridones/therapeutic use , Aged , Argentina , Asthenia/chemically induced , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic , Exanthema/chemically induced , Female , Humans , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/physiopathology , Male , Nausea/chemically induced , Pyridones/adverse effects , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Vital Capacity/drug effects
5.
Eur Respir Rev ; 27(150)2018 Dec 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30578332

ABSTRACT

Imaging techniques are an essential component of the diagnostic process for interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Chest radiography is frequently the initial indicator of an ILD, and comparison of radiographs taken at different time points can show the rate of disease progression. However, radiography provides only limited specificity and sensitivity and is primarily used to rule out other diseases, such as left heart failure. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a more sensitive method and is considered central in the diagnosis of ILDs. Abnormalities observed on HRCT can help identify specific ILDs. HRCT also can be used to evaluate the patient's prognosis, while disease progression can be assessed through serial imaging. Other imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography-computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have been investigated, but they are not commonly used to assess patients with ILDs. Disease severity may potentially be estimated using quantitative methods, as well as visual analysis of images. For example, comprehensive assessment of disease staging and progression in patients with ILDs requires visual analysis of pulmonary features that can be performed in parallel with quantitative analysis of the extent of fibrosis. New approaches to image analysis, including the application of machine learning, are being developed.


Subject(s)
Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnostic imaging , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Progression , Humans , Lung/physiopathology , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/physiopathology , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy , Machine Learning , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Positron-Emission Tomography , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Pulmonary Fibrosis/physiopathology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness Index
9.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.);55(2): 75-80, feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-177334

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La pirfenidona fue el primer fármaco antifibrótico aprobado en Argentina para fibrosis pulmonar idiopática. Los resultados de los ensayos clínicos podrían ser diferentes a los de la vida real. El objetivo primario fue estudiar la tolerancia de la pirfenidona en la vida real. El objetivo secundario analizar la eficacia y los motivos de suspensión. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo realizado en 4 centros especializados de Argentina. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con fibrosis pulmonar idiopática que recibieron pirfenidona entre junio de 2013 y setiembre de 2016. Se analizaron efectos adversos y las variables que podrían influir en la ocurrencia de los mismos. Se comparó además la evolución de capacidad vital forzada (CVF%) entre los periodos prepirfenidona y pospirfenidona. Resultados: Cincuenta pacientes, 38 (76%) hombres, edad media (DE) 67,8 (8,36) años. La media (DE) de exposición a pirfenidona fue 645,68 (428,19) días, con una dosis diaria media (DE) de 2.064,56 mg (301,49). Se reportaron 19 eventos adversos en 15 pacientes (30%): náuseas (14%), astenia (10%) y rash cutáneo (8%). Dieciocho pacientes (36%) interrumpieron el tratamiento, uno definitivamente. El motivo más frecuente fue la falta de entrega de proovedores en 9 (18%). Comparamos la evolución de CVF% entre los períodos prepirfenidona y pospirfenidona, con una declinación media (DE) de CVF% de 4,03% (7,63) prepirfenidona y 2,64% (7,1) pospirfenidona, (p=0,534). Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio la pirfenidona fue bien tolerada y ha demostrado un enlentecimiento en la declinación de la CVF, aunque sin alcanzar significación estadística


Introduction: Pirfenidone was the first antifibrotic drug approved in Argentina for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Outcomes in real life may differ from the results of clinical trials. The primary endpoint was to study the tolerance of pirfenidone in real life. Secondary endpoints were to analyze effectiveness and reasons for discontinuation. Materials and methods: Retrospective observational study conducted in 4 specialized centers in Argentina. We analyzed the medical records of patients with IPF who received pirfenidone between June 2013 and September 2016. Adverse events (AE) and the variables that could influence these results were analyzed. Forced vital capacity (FVC%) parameters were also compared between the pre-pirfenidone and post-pirfenidone periods. Results: Fifty patients were included, 38 (76%) men, with mean age (SD) 67.8 (8.36) years. Mean (SD) exposure to pirfenidone was 645.68 (428.19) days, with a mean daily dose (SD) of 2,064.56 mg (301.49). Nineteen AEs in 15 patients (30%) were reported: nausea (14%), asthenia (10%) and skin rash (8%). A total of 18 patients (36%) interrupted treatment, only 1 definitively. The most frequent reason for discontinuation was failure of suppliers to provide the drug (9 subjects; 18%). We compared the evolution of FVC% between the pre-pirfenidone and post-pirfenidone periods, and found a mean (SD) FVC% decline of 4.03% (7.63) pre-pirfenidone and 2.64% (7.1) post-pirfenidone (P=.534). Conclusions: In our study, pirfenidone was well tolerated and associated with a reduction in FVC decline, although without reaching statistical significance


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Tolerance , Argentina/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Observational Study , Withholding Treatment , Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);77(6): 517-520, dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-894534

ABSTRACT

En una serie de nueve pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de neumonitis por hipersensibilidad, se revisaron en forma retrospectiva la historia clínica, los factores de exposición, las pruebas de función pulmonar y las tomografías computarizadas de tórax. La función pulmonar evidenció principalmente compromiso restrictivo con disminución de la difusión de monóxido de carbono. Las tomografías de tórax mostraron patrones fibróticos en la mayoría de los casos; áreas de vidrio esmerilado con patrón en mosaico y áreas de consolidación en el resto. Pudo detectarse exposición a antígenos aviarios, granos de cereales y acondicionadores de aire contaminados con esporas de hongos y bacterias, en dos tercios de los casos. Dado que no existen características únicas que permitan diferenciar la neumonitis por hipersensibilidad de otras enfermedades del intersticio pulmonar, se requiere de un alto índice de sospecha clínica y de una detallada búsqueda de exposición ambiental que deberán complementarse con los datos clínicos, radiológicos y de anatomía patológica para llegar al diagnóstico.


In a series of nine patients with histopathological diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, we retrospectively evaluated clinical data, exposure related factors, pulmonary function tests and chest computed tomography scans. A restrictive abnormality with reduction of diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide was mainly found. Chest scans showed fibrotic patterns in most cases; ground glass attenuation areas with mosaic pattern and consolidation in the rest. Exposure to avian antigens, cereal grains and air conditioners contaminated with fungi yeasts and bacteria, were suspected from clinical data in two-thirds of the cases. Since there are no unique features that allow differentiation from other interstitial lung diseases, a high clinical suspicion is required and a careful search of environmental exposure to possible antigens is needed that, together with clinical, radiological and pathological data, may lead to diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/diagnosis , Respiratory Function Tests , Biopsy/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Retrospective Studies , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/surgery , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/pathology
13.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 15(3): 171-189, set. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-842921

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales difusas (EPID) son un grupo de enfermedades raras que, si bien comparten ciertas características clínicas, tienen un pronóstico muy diferente. La fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (FPI) es la más prevalente en muchos países y su diagnóstico puede ser dificultoso. Luego de los resultados expuestos en el consenso sobre diagnóstico y manejo de la FPI, y la llegada de nuevas drogas como la pirfenidona, se ha modifcado el enfoque de esta enfermedad. Se realizó una encuesta a neumonólogos argentinos, con el fin de evaluar la aceptabilidad e implementación de estas guías en Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó una encuesta con 24 preguntas. Entre los datos que se recolectaron en el cuestionario estaban demografía de los encuestados, lugar de trabajo (instituciones públicas, privadas, grandes o pequeños centros o instituciones), frecuencia con la que evaluaban pacientes con FPI, disponibilidad de pruebas diagnósticas y estrategias diagnósticas empleadas para pacientes con EPID. Por último, la encuesta se focalizó en las recomendaciones terapéuticas en los pacientes diagnosticados como FPI. Dicha encuesta fue completada durante el Congreso Argentino de Medicina Respiratoria que se realizó en el 2013 en la ciudad de Mendoza. La misma metodología y cuestionario fueron utilizados previamente en el Congreso Argentino de Medicina Respiratoria del 2011. Resultados: Un total de 252 médicos respondieron la encuesta en el 2013, lo que representó alrededor del 20% de los concurrentes al congreso. El método complementario de mayor disponibilidad fue la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos (PM6M). El método complementario más utilizado fue la tomografía computada de tórax (86.9% de los encuestados la realizaban ante la sospecha de EPID) y solo el 44.4% de los encuestados realizaban difusión de monóxido de carbono (DLCO) en todos sus pacientes. Cerca del 50% de los encuestados consultaban a centros de referencia en menos del 30% de sus casos con sospecha de EPID. Menos del 20% de los respondedores consideraban que llegaban a un diagnóstico defnitivo de EPID en más del 60% de sus pacientes. La distribución final de los diagnósticos fue heterogénea. Notablemente, casi el 50% de los encuestados consideraba que la FPI había sido el diagnóstico final en menos de 30% de sus pacientes. Solo el 30% de los encuestados prescribieron pirfenidona como tratamiento de elección en la FPI y más del 60% todavía continuaban prescribiendo tratamientos que incluían diferentes combinaciones de corticoides e inmunosupresores. Conclusiones: Nuestra encuesta sugiere que existen dificultades en el abordaje diagnóstico de estas entidades, que existe un bajo porcentaje de pacientes que son evaluados en centros de referencia y que hay una baja proporción de estos que reciben tratamiento específico.


Background: Diffuse interstitial (or parenchymal) lung diseases (ILDs) are a very large group of diseases that although they share certain clinical features, have a very different prognosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most prevalent in many countries and its diagnosis can be difficult. After the results shown in the consensus on diagnosis and management of IPF, and the arrival of new drugs such as pirfenidone, the approach to this disease have changed. A survey was performed to argentine pulmonologists in order to evaluate the acceptability and implementation of these guidelines in Argentina. Material and Methods: A survey of 24 questions was designed. Among the data collected in the questionnaire were demographics of respondents, workplace (public or private healthcare facilities, referral center, large or small healthcare centers or institutions), frequency at which IPF patients were examined, availability of diagnostic tests, and diagnostic strategies used with ILD patients. Finally, the survey focused on therapeutic recommendations for patients diagnosed with IPF. The survey was completed during the Argentine Congress of Respiratory Medicine held in 2013 in the city of Mendoza. The same methodology and questionnaire were previously used in the Argentine Congress of Respiratory Medicine in 2011. Results: In 2013, a total of 252 physicians completed the survey, which represented approximately 20% of Congress attendees. The complementary test of higher availability was the the six minutes walk test (6MWT). The most widely used supplementary method was thoracic computed tomography (CT) as 86.9% of the responders used it if they suspected ILD, and only 44.4% of the responders used diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) with all their patients. Almost 50% of the responders consulted referral centers for less than 30% of patients with suspected ILD. Less than 20% of the responders considered that they reached a final diagnosis of ILD in over 60% of their patients. Final distribution of diagnosis was heterogeneous. Interestingly, almost 50% of the responders considered IPF as the fnal diagnosis in less than 30% of their patients. Approximately 50% of the responders answered that less than 20% of their IPF patients received specifc treatment for the disease. Conclusions: Our survey suggests that there are difficulties in the diagnostic approach of ILDs, there is a low percentage of patients that are evaluated in referral centers and there is a low proportion of IPF patients receiving specific treatment


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Fibrosis , Lung Diseases , Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
14.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 15(1): 77-80, mar. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-842902

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades autoinmunes pueden comprometer el pulmón, como ocurre por ejemplo en las enfermedades del tejido conectivo, pero poco se ha publicado sobre la asociación entre la hepatitis autoinmune (HAI) y la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPID). Se presenta una mujer de 57 años de edad, hipotiroidea, fumadora activa que consulta por tos seca y disnea. El examen físico reveló crepitantes aislados en bases pulmonares. La oximetría de pulso fue de 96%. El laboratorio mostró niveles elevados de las transaminasas, factor anti núcleo 1/80 y anticuerpo anti músculo liso 1/1280. La espirometría dejó en evidencia capacidad vital forzada del 85% y capacidad de difusión de monóxido de carbono del 53% del predicho. Ecografía hepática: hepatomegalia lobulada. Vías biliares intra y extrahepáticas conservadas, sin hipertensión portal. La biopsia hepática demostró infiltrado inflamatorio moderado y algunos plasmocitos con extensa hepatitis. A nivel acinar, se observaron focos necroinflamatorios aislados. Tricómico: bandas fibrosas gruesas que delimitan nódulos de regeneración. Tomografía de tórax: patrón reticular con vidrio esmerilado bilateral, algunas bronquiolectasias y sin panal de abeja. Se interpretó como HAI más EPID. La paciente rechazó la biopsia pulmonar. Hay muy pocos reportes en la literatura médica que describan la asociación entre la hepatopatía autoinmune y afectación intersticial pulmonar. Es importante determinar si la HAI comparte un mecanismo fisiopatológico común con la EPID, ya que tiene implicaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Se deben tener en cuenta la HAI y la EPID, como enfermedades potencialmente relacionadas, con probables mecanismos fisiopatológicos en común.


Autoimmune diseases can compromise the lung, for example the connective tissue diseases, but little has been published about the association between autoimmune hepatitis (AH) and interstitial lung diseases (ILD). We present a 57 year old woman with hypothyroidism and current smoking habit who complains of dry cough and dyspnea. Physical examination detected isolated crackles in pulmonary bases. Pulse oximetry was 96%. Blood tests showed elevated aminotransferase levels, antinuclear antibody 1/80, anti-smooth muscle antibodies: 1/1280. Spirometry showed forced vital capacity of 85% of predicted value and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was 53% of predicted value. Hepatic ultrasonography showed diffuse, lobulated hepatomegaly. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tracts were preserved without portal hypertension. Liver biopsy demonstrated moderate inflammatory infiltrate and some plasmocytes with extensive hepatitis. At acinar level isolated necroinflammatory foci were observed. The Tricomic Technique showed thick fibrous bands that delimit regenerative nodules. The Chest Tomography showed diffuse interstitial opacities with bilateral ground glass, reticular pattern, few bronchiolectasis and no honeycombing. The case was interpreted as AH plus ILD. The patient refused lung biopsy. There are very few reports in the medical literature describing the association between autoimmune liver disease and pulmonary interstitial involvement. It is important to determine whether this type of autoimmune liver disease shares a common pathophysiological mechanism with ILD, because of the diagnostic and therapeutic implications (e.g. the decision to perform surgical lung biopsy) and possible prognostic significance. We should consider AH and ILD as related diseases with probable common pathophysiological mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases , Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Hepatitis, Autoimmune
15.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 15(1): 85-88, mar. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-842904

ABSTRACT

Dra. Tabaj: Se trata de una mujer de 61 años que consulta en junio de 2014 para evaluación de estudios en busca de una segunda opinión. Refiere diagnóstico de síndrome de Sjögren (SS) en el año 2012 con compromiso ocular en tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina e hipotiroidismo en tratamiento con levotiroxina. Consulta a neumonología por disnea de más de 6 meses de evolución hasta mMRC 2-3 y tos seca. Trae como estudios complementarios una tomografía computada de tórax de alta resolución (TCAR) (figura 1) realizada en agosto de 2013 y estudio funcional respiratorio (EFR)


Subject(s)
Pneumonia , Sjogren's Syndrome , Lung Diseases, Interstitial
16.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 14(3): 282-288, set. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-131387

ABSTRACT

La Proteinosis Alveolar Pulmonar (PAP) es una enfermedad rara, caracterizada por la acumulación de surfactante en el interior del espacio alveolar, resultando en una alteración del intercambio gaseoso. El curso clínico es variable, abarcando desde la resolución espontánea hasta el fallo respiratorio y muerte. Se han descripto tres formas de PAP: genética, secundaria y primaria o idiopática, siendo esta última la más frecuente en la población adulta. Avances en el conocimiento de la fisiopatología de la PAP han demostrado que la forma idiopática es el resultado de la generación de autoanticuerpos anti factor estimulante de colonias granulocito-macrófago (GM-CSF). Todas las formas de PAP resultan en disfunción macrofágica con la acumulación del material lipoproteináceo en el espacio alveolar. La PAP se caracteriza por disnea progresiva, tos seca e hipoxemia. Se encuentran opacidades bilaterales en la radiografía de tórax y la tomografía computada de alta resolución pone de manifiesto vidrio esmerilado con engrosamiento de los septos inter e intralobulillar, conformando el patrón típico en empedrado. Si bien la biopsia quirúrgica es el método de referencia para el diagnóstico definitivo, la combinación de las manifestaciones clínicas características y el lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) con material PAS positivo a menudo son suficientes para establecer el diagnóstico. El tratamiento de elección en primera medida sigue siendo el lavado pulmonar total bajo anestesia general con el objeto de remover el material proteináceo del espacio alveolar y mejorar el intercambio gaseoso. Recientemente, estudios han demostrado que el tratamiento inhalatorio o subcutáneo con GM-CSF podría beneficiar a algunos pacientes con formas idiopáticas de PAP.(AU)


Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder characterized by the accumulation of surfactant lipids and protein in the alveolar spaces, resulting in impairment in gas exchange. The clinical course can be variable, ranging from spontaneous resolution to respiratory failure and death. There are three forms of PAP: congenital, acquired and idiopathic, being the latter the most prevalent form in the adult population. Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of PAP demonstrate that the idiopathic form is due to antigranulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) antibodies. All the forms of PAP cause macrophage dysfunction leading to accumulation of the proteinaceous material. PAP is characterized by progressive exertional dyspnea and nonproductive cough with hypoxemia. Bilateral infiltrates are typically present on chest radiograph; high-resolution computed tomography reveals diffuse ground-glass opacities and airspace consolidation with interlobular septal thickening in a characteristic “crazy paving” pattern. Although surgical lung biopsy will provide a definitive diagnosis, a combination of typical clinical and imaging features with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive material on bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsies is usually sufficient. The current standard of care is to perform whole lung lavage under anesthesia on these patients to clear the alveolar space to help improving respiratory physiology. Recent studies have demonstrated that GM-CSF (inhalation or subcutaneous) can result in improvement in some patients with idiopathic PAP.(AU)

17.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 14(3): 282-288, set. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734440

ABSTRACT

La Proteinosis Alveolar Pulmonar (PAP) es una enfermedad rara, caracterizada por la acumulación de surfactante en el interior del espacio alveolar, resultando en una alteración del intercambio gaseoso. El curso clínico es variable, abarcando desde la resolución espontánea hasta el fallo respiratorio y muerte. Se han descripto tres formas de PAP: genética, secundaria y primaria o idiopática, siendo esta última la más frecuente en la población adulta. Avances en el conocimiento de la fisiopatología de la PAP han demostrado que la forma idiopática es el resultado de la generación de autoanticuerpos anti factor estimulante de colonias granulocito-macrófago (GM-CSF). Todas las formas de PAP resultan en disfunción macrofágica con la acumulación del material lipoproteináceo en el espacio alveolar. La PAP se caracteriza por disnea progresiva, tos seca e hipoxemia. Se encuentran opacidades bilaterales en la radiografía de tórax y la tomografía computada de alta resolución pone de manifiesto vidrio esmerilado con engrosamiento de los septos inter e intralobulillar, conformando el patrón típico en empedrado. Si bien la biopsia quirúrgica es el método de referencia para el diagnóstico definitivo, la combinación de las manifestaciones clínicas características y el lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) con material PAS positivo a menudo son suficientes para establecer el diagnóstico. El tratamiento de elección en primera medida sigue siendo el lavado pulmonar total bajo anestesia general con el objeto de remover el material proteináceo del espacio alveolar y mejorar el intercambio gaseoso. Recientemente, estudios han demostrado que el tratamiento inhalatorio o subcutáneo con GM-CSF podría beneficiar a algunos pacientes con formas idiopáticas de PAP.


Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder characterized by the accumulation of surfactant lipids and protein in the alveolar spaces, resulting in impairment in gas exchange. The clinical course can be variable, ranging from spontaneous resolution to respiratory failure and death. There are three forms of PAP: congenital, acquired and idiopathic, being the latter the most prevalent form in the adult population. Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of PAP demonstrate that the idiopathic form is due to antigranulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) antibodies. All the forms of PAP cause macrophage dysfunction leading to accumulation of the proteinaceous material. PAP is characterized by progressive exertional dyspnea and nonproductive cough with hypoxemia. Bilateral infiltrates are typically present on chest radiograph; high-resolution computed tomography reveals diffuse ground-glass opacities and airspace consolidation with interlobular septal thickening in a characteristic “crazy paving” pattern. Although surgical lung biopsy will provide a definitive diagnosis, a combination of typical clinical and imaging features with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive material on bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsies is usually sufficient. The current standard of care is to perform whole lung lavage under anesthesia on these patients to clear the alveolar space to help improving respiratory physiology. Recent studies have demonstrated that GM-CSF (inhalation or subcutaneous) can result in improvement in some patients with idiopathic PAP.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage
18.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 14(4): 365-374, dic. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-750533

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las bronquiectasias (BQ) son una enfermedad supurativa, de creciente prevalencia, rasgos fenotípicos heterogéneos y diagnóstico por Tomografía de alta resolución (TACAR). Objetivos del presente trabajo: a) comparar el compromiso anatómico por TACAR con los parámetros espirométricos estándar, b) evaluar las exacerbaciones registradas en relación a los tratamientos recibidos, c) describir los hallazgos microbiológicos obtenidos. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 33 pacientes ambulatorios estables con BQ no relacionadas a Fibrosis Quística. Se registraron las exacerbaciones durante el año anterior a la consulta. Todos los pacientes tenian TACAR con cuantificación de lóbulos pulmonares afectados, espirometría con broncodilatadores y cultivo de esputo. Resultados: A) No hubo diferencias significativas en extensión lobar para FEV1 en mililitros (p≤0.180); FEV1% predicho (p ≤ 0.102); cociente FEV1FVC (p ≤ 0.680); las diferencias fueron significativas para FVC % predicho (p ≤ 0.037). B) las exacerbaciones (≤ 1, n = 5; ≥ 2, n = 28) fueron eventos frecuentes; hubo 24/33 pacientes con tratamiento de corticoides inhalados; 9/33 con corticoides sistémicos y 29/33 con antibióticos C) los aislamientos bacteriológicos se realizaron en 11/33 pacientes: 6 para P. Auriginosa, 2 S. Neumoniae, 2 S. aureus (1 MS, 1MR) ,1S. viridans. Las Prevalencias Relativas no indican influencia de la terapéutica con corticoides inhalados (0.558), corticoides sistémicos (0.668) y antibióticos (0.412) respecto al número de exacerbaciones. Conclusiones: la evaluación de FVC % predicho por espirometría puede resultar un recurso simple para evaluar el compromiso anatómico en BQ no fibroquística. Los efectos de la terapéutica convencional sobre la prevalencia de exacerbaciones clínicas no pudieron demostrarse con este diseño.


Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a permanent abnormal dilatation of an airway and the diagnosis should be made by computed tomography (HRCT). Objectives: a) to compare the HRCT anatomical involvement with standard spirometric parameters, b) to assess recorded exacerbations with regard to treatment received, c) to describe the microbiological findings. Methods: Clinical records of 33 stable outpatients with non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis were retrospectively studied. Exacerbations were recorded during the year prior to the first visit. HRCT with quantification of affected lobes, spirometry and sputum culture were performed to all patients. Results: A) There were no significant differences in lobar extension for FEV1 (milliliters) (p ≤ 0.180), FEV1% predicted (p ≤ 0.102); FEV1/FVC ratio (p ≤ 0.680). The differences were significant for FVC % predicted (p ≤ 0.037). B) Exacerbations (≤ 1, n = 5; ≥ 2, n = 28) were frequent events. There were 24/33 patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids; 9/33 with systemic corticosteroids and 29/33 with antibiotics. C) Bacteriological isolations were reported in 11/33 patients: 6 for P. Aeruginosa, 2 S. Pneumoniae, 2 S. aureus, 1 S. viridans. Relative frequencies showed no influence of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (0.558), systemic corticosteroids (0.668) and antibiotics (0412) regarding exacerbations. Conclusions: Evaluation of FVC% predicted can be a simple resource to assess the anatomic involvement in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The effects of conventional therapy on the prevalence of clinical exacerbations could not be demonstrated with this study design.


Subject(s)
Bronchiectasis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Cystic Fibrosis
19.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 14(4): 504-518, dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-750544

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La ciclofosfamida (CYC) es utilizada frecuentemente para el tratamiento de la Intersticiopatía asociada a Esclerodermia (ES-EPID), a pesar de su limitada eficacia. El objetivo primario fue evaluar cambios en la función pulmonar en pacientes tratados con CYC en ES-EPID. Métodos: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 24 pacientes con ES-EPID que asistieron al consultorio de neumonología del Hospital de Clínicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. De los 24 pacientes, 18 tenían ES-EPID extensa, definida como extensión mayor 30% en Tomografía computada o Capacidad vital forzada (FVC) menor 70%, y de éstos, 12 fueron tratados con CYC, mientras que los 6 pacientes con enfermedad limitada no recibieron tratamiento. Se recabaron datos de FVC y Difusión de monóxido de carbono (DLCO) pre y post tratamiento. Resultados: Entre los 12 pacientes incluidos, la FVC (litros) pre tratamiento fue de 2.25 ± 0.51, (75.6 ± 15.3% del predicho), mientras que luego de una mediana de 9 meses era de 2.14 ± 0.50; (71.9 ± 14.1%) (p: 0.17). Se encontró además, un descenso no significativo de la DLCO (ml/mmHg/min) luego del tratamiento, descendiendo de 9.03 ± 1.68, a 8.39 ± 1.31 (p: 0.29). Conclusión: El tratamiento con CYC de ES-EPID extensa no se asoció con mejoría significativa, aunque si con estabilidad de la función pulmonar tras una mediana de 9 meses de tratamiento.


Introduction: In spite of its limited efficacy, cyclophosphamide (CYC) is frequently used to treat scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate changes in pulmonary function in SSc-ILD patients treated with CYC. Materials and Methods: 24 SSc-ILD outpatients from the Pneumonology Department of the Hospital de Clínicas in Buenos Aires, Argentina were studied retrospectively. Out of the 24 patients, 18 had extensive SSc-ILD, defined as disease extent on CT greater than 30% or FCV less than 70%; 12 of them were treated with CYC while the remaining 6 with limited disease did not receive treatment. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) data were collected both before and after treatment. Results: Among the 12 patients included, the FVC before and after the 9 month treatment was 2.25±0.51 (75.6±15.3% of the predicted value) and 2.14±0.50; (71.9±14.1%) (p: 0.17) respectively. In addition, a non-significant decrease in DLCO (ml/mmHg/min) was found after treatment (from 9.03 ±1.68 to 8.39 ± 1.31 (p: 0.29)). Conclusion: Although the 9 month treatment of extensive SSc-ILD with CYC did not show significant improvement, pulmonary function was stabilized.


Subject(s)
Scleroderma, Systemic , Immunosuppressive Agents , Lung Diseases
20.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 10(1): 12-20, mar. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-596768

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: La distancia recorrida en la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos (6MWT) predice mortalidad en la Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) severa. Poco se ha investigado acerca de la desaturación durante la marcha. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el Área de desaturación de oxigeno (AD) durante la 6MWT y parámetrossubrogantes de mortalidad como el índice BODE, el VEF1, la disnea, la distancia recorrida en 6MWT y el cociente CI/TLC. Métodos: Se enrolaron 38 pacientes EPOC estables en el Hospital de Clínicas, Buenos Aires.Se midió el VEF1, la distancia y saturación O2 durante la 6MWT, la disnea, el BMI y los volúmenes pulmonares. Se definió AD como la suma de los valores que resultan de restara 100 el número absoluto de saturación en cada minuto. Resultados: Se encontró correlación moderada entre el AD y BODE (r: 0,49) (p : 0,0017), fuerte con el VEF1 (r: - 0,53) (p: 0,0006); con los metros caminados en la 6 MWT fue débil.(r: - 0,33) (p: 0,04). Los pacientes con mayor disnea presentaban mayor AD (r: 0.38) (p: 0.01). Al correlacionar el AD con el CI/TLC se observo una relación moderada (r: -0.36) (p: 0.02).Conclusión: el resultado nos sugiere de manera indirecta un posible rol pronóstico de el AD en la EPOC. Se necesitarán futuros trabajos prospectivos para demostrar dichaasociación con mortalidad, tras la realización de análisis multivariados.


Desaturation during de 6 MWT: Relationship with others outcomes in COPD. Background: The distance walked in a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) predicts mortality in severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Little is known about the value ofoxygen desaturation during a 6MWT. The aim of this study was to determine the existence of a relationship between oxygen desaturation area (DA) during the 6MWT and related mortality indicators such as Body-mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise capacity (BODE) index, FEV1, dyspnea, distance walked in the 6MWT and Inspiratory Capacity / Total Lung Capacity (IC/TLC) ratio. Methods: We enrolled 38 patients who met the criteria for stable COPD at the Hospitalde Clinicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The observations included the measurement of FEV1, O2 saturation and the distance walked during the 6MWT, the degree of dyspnea, BMI and lung volumes. We defined oxygen desaturation area (DA) as the sum of the values resulting from subtracting from 100 percent the patient’s saturation measurement at each minute of the 6MWT. Results: The correlation between the DA with the BODE index was moderate (r: 0.49) (p: 0.0017), and with FEV1 was strong (r: - 0.53) (p: 0.0006). The correlation with meterswalked in the 6MWT was weak (r: - 0.33) (p: 0.04). Patients with a higher degree of dyspnea have a higher DA (r: 0.38) (p: 0.01). The correlation between the DA and IC/TLC was moderate (r: - 0.36) (p: 0.02).Conclusion: The results of our study suggest a possible indirect prognostic value of the DA in COPD. Prospective studies using multivariate analysis are needed to test association with mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Walking/physiology , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Exercise Tolerance , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality , Predictive Value of Tests , Airway Resistance/physiology , Severity of Illness Index
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