ABSTRACT
AIMS: The underlying mechanism and constitution of spontaneous abortions are complicated and heterogeneous. Many factors, including epigenetic scenarios like micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs, MIRs), can additively affect the progression of pregnancy losses. This study aimed to evaluate whether the expression levels of placental inhibitor and/or activator miRNAs had a difference between the numerically abnormal and normal karyotyped spontaneous abortions. METHODS: The case-control study included 100 spontaneous abortion materials consisting of trophoblastic tissues with 42 disomies (controls), 43 aneuploidies (including trisomy 16, 21, 22, and monosomy X), and 15 triploidies. Disomic abortion materials with XX normal karyotypes were omitted from the study to exclude possible maternal decidual cell contamination. Total RNA isolation was performed with TRIzol™ reagent directly from frozen trophoblastic tissues, and the mature miRNAs were obtained by reverse transcription via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, the expression levels of placental activators MIR378a-5p, MIR376c, MIR195, and inhibitors MIR34a and MIR210 were relatively evaluated using MIR130 as a reference. RESULTS: The expression level of placental inhibitor MIR34a was detected to be high in trisomic abortion materials (trisomy 16 and 21) when compared to the disomic ones (p = 0.0324). MIR195 (p = 0.0484) and MIR34a (p = 0.0346) expression levels were increased in numerically abnormal cases with advanced maternal age compared to the disomic ones within all maternal ages. CONCLUSIONS: It seems likely that the high expression level of MIR34a and the coexistence of trisomic abortion materials are quite interrelated with the additive effect of advanced maternal age.
Subject(s)
Abortion, Spontaneous , MicroRNAs , Humans , Female , MicroRNAs/metabolism , MicroRNAs/genetics , Pregnancy , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Abortion, Spontaneous/genetics , Abortion, Spontaneous/metabolism , TrisomyABSTRACT
Studies have demonstrated an association between CHD and neurodevelopmental delay. This delay is associated with many factors like reduced blood flow and oxygen, cardiac catheterisations, and genetic factors. Apo E gene polymorphism is one of these genetic factors. This study aims to show the effect of Apo E gene polymorphism on neurodevelopmental process in children having CHD. A total of 188 children having CHD were admitted to the study. Apo E gene polymorphism of these patients was determined, and psychometric evaluation was performed. The relationship between psychometric test results and gene polymorphism was evaluated. This study shows that, similar to the literature, patients having cyanotic CHD have worse scores than acyanotic patients, and the children with CHD are under risk in terms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Other novel and important findings of this study were the lower verbal scores of ε2 allele carriers than ε4 carriers in Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised group and the worse test score of patients having VSD than other acyanotic patients. Besides, some special disorders may be seen in this patient group.
Subject(s)
Apolipoproteins E , Cyanosis , Polymorphism, Genetic , Child , Humans , Alleles , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , HeterozygoteABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Double pituitary adenoma is a rare entity that can pose a significant challenge. The incidence of double or multiple pituitary adenomas is â¼1% in autopsy cases and 0.4-1.3% in surgical series. Its definition varies, including 'double adenomas' in the literature in contrast to 'multiple adenomas', which is more specific and suitable. While some authors require separating topographically unique tumours, others have used a looser definition of separate immunohistochemistry. CASE PRESENTATION: We presented the case of a 26-year-old patient with recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms, with double pituitary adenomas secreting growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). To date, 89 patients have been reported in the literature with symptomatic carpal tunnel syndrome, but only five had GH-TSH secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Double adenoma resection is of great importance for ensuring successful biochemical treatment. To ensure a successful operation, a careful preoperative 3T MRI examination is of great importance.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Copy number variants (CNVs) play a key role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, recent guidelines recommend chromosomal microarrays (CMAs) as first-tier genetic tests. This study's first aim was to determine the clinical usefulness of CMAs in children diagnosed with ASD in a Turkish population. The second aim was to describe the CNVs and clinical phenotypes of children with ASD. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the medical records of children with ASD followed at Gazi University Hospital, (Ankara, Turkey). The sample consisted of 47 ASD cases (mean age: 60.34 ± 25.60 months; 82.9% boys). The diagnostic yield of the CMAs was 8.5%. Four pathogenic CNVs were identified: 9p24.3p24.2 deletion, 15q11-q13 duplication, 16p11.2 deletion, and 22q13.3 deletion. Also, four variants were found at 2q36.3, 10p11.21, 15q11.2, and Xp11.22, which were classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). CONCLUSIONS: The TRAP12 and PARD3 genes in CNVs classified as VUS may be worth investigating for autism. The initial identification of both clinical and biological markers can facilitate monitoring, early intervention, or prevention and advance our understanding of the neurobiology underlying ASD.
Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics , DNA Copy Number Variations , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Sequence Deletion , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Child , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Duplication , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Turkey , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics , White People/geneticsABSTRACT
Background/aim: Prenatal diagnosis is vital to obtain healthy generation for risky pregnancies. There have been several approaches, some of which are routinely applied in clinics to evaluate the possible prenatal deficiencies and/or diseases. In the present study, we aimed to isolate the fetal cells from endocervical samples and try to identify possible anomalies which were proved by Amniocentesis (AS) and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) methods. Materials and methods: Endoservical specimens were collected from 100 pregnant women. Cells were separated in parallel by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) G233 and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) antibodies. CMA (comprehensive meta-analysis) were carried out and male fetuses were confirmed with Sex determining region Y (SRY) amplification. Results: The percent of HLA G233 and placental and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) positive cells were 4.55% and 84.59%, respectively. The percent of cells positive for both markers was 14.75%. CMA analyses were not informative. (SRY) was amplified in 67% of the samples. Conclusion: However, the success rate of the both cell sorting and scanning of DNA anomalies by aCGH and/or RT-PCR was limited, preventing the applicability of this proposal in the clinics. Still, the success of the proposed method depends on the development of the novel fetal cell-specific antibodies and the improvements in the sorting systems.
Subject(s)
Alkaline Phosphatase , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes , Female , Humans , Male , Placenta , Pregnancy , Prenatal DiagnosisABSTRACT
The aim of this review is to reveal Turkey's current status of medical practice in inherited eye diseases and the necessary steps to improve healthcare services and research activities in this area. Since consanguinity rate is high, disease burden is estimated to be high in Turkey. Universal health insurance system, easily accessible medical specialists, increasing genetic test, and counseling opportunities are the key advantages of Turkey's healthcare system. However, specialized clinics for inherited eye diseases, low-vision rehabilitation services, training of ophthalmologists about the recent developments in ocular genetics, and multidisciplinary translational research are the main headlines needed to be focused for better health services and successful research in Turkey.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Eye Diseases, Hereditary/epidemiology , Eye Diseases, Hereditary/genetics , Eye Proteins/genetics , Eye Diseases, Hereditary/diagnosis , Eye Diseases, Hereditary/pathology , Humans , Turkey/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background/aim: Altered iron metabolism is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms occurring during hypoxic injuries in the central nervous system. Proper homeostasis of cellular iron is regulated by iron import, storage, and export proteins that prevent excess iron overload or iron starvation in cells. Therapeutic hypothermia is an approved treatment for hypoxic ischemia in newborns, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. We studied the effects of hypoxia, preceded with preconditioning, on the iron homeostasis of glial cells, known as a major actor in the inflammatory process during perinatal brain injury. Materials and methods: Primary microglia and astrocytes in culture were exposed to 12 h of hypoxia with or without mild hypothermic preconditioning. The mRNA expression was assessed using qPCR. Iron accumulation was visualized via modified Perl's histochemistry. Cytokine levels in cell cultures were measured using ELISA. Results: Hypothermic preconditioning enhanced microglial viability, which previously was decreased in both cell types due to hypoxia. Hypoxia increased iron accumulation in the mixed glial cells and in ferritin expression in both microglia and astrocytes. Hypotermic preconditioning decreased the elevated ferritin-light chain expression significantly in microglia. Iron importer proteins, DMT1 and TfR1, both increased their mRNA expression after hypoxia, and hypothermic preconditioning continued to support the elevation of DMT1 in both glial cell types. Ferroportin expression increased as a survival factor of the glial cell following hypoxia. Hypothermic preconditioning supported this increase in both cell types and was especially significant in astrocytes. IL-10 levels were prominently increased in cell culture after hypothermic preconditioning. Conclusion: The data suggest that hypothermic preconditioning affects cellular iron homeostasis by regulating the storage and transfer proteins of iron. Regulation of the cellular iron traffic may prevent glial cells from experiencing the detrimental effects of hypoxia-related inflammation.
Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Homeostasis/physiology , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Hypoxia/therapy , Iron/metabolism , Neuroglia/metabolism , Female , Humans , Hypoxia/metabolism , Infant, Newborn , Male , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Women with Down syndrome have a lower breast cancer risk and significantly lower life expectancies than women without Down syndrome. Therefore, it is not clear whether mammography screening strategies used for women without Down syndrome would benefit women with Down syndrome in the same way. OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefits and harms of various mammography screening strategies for women with Down syndrome using collaborative simulation modeling. DESIGN: Two established Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) simulation models estimated the benefits and harms of various screening strategies for women with Down syndrome over a lifetime horizon. PARTICIPANTS: We modeled a hypothetical cohort of US women with Down syndrome who were born in 1970. INTERVENTIONS: Annual, biennial, triennial, and one-time digital mammography screenings during the ages 40-74. MAIN MEASURES: The models estimated numbers of mammograms, false-positives, benign biopsies, breast cancer deaths prevented, and life-years gained per 1000 screened women when compared with no screening. KEY RESULTS: In average-risk women 50-74, biennial screening incurred 122 mammograms, 10 false-positive mammograms, and 1.4 benign biopsies per one life-year gained compared with no screening. In women with Down syndrome, the same screening strategy incurred 2752 mammograms, 242 false-positive mammograms, and 34 benign biopsies per one life-year gained compared with no screening. The harm/benefit ratio varied for other screening strategies, and was most favorable for one-time screening at age 50, which incurred 1629 mammograms, 144 false-positive mammograms, and 20 benign biopsies per one life-year gained compared with no screening. CONCLUSIONS: The harm/benefit ratios for various mammography screening strategies in women with Down syndrome are not as favorable as those for average-risk women. The benefit of screening mammography for women with Down syndrome is less pronounced due to lower breast cancer risk and shorter life expectancy.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Down Syndrome , Mammography/adverse effects , Mass Screening/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Computer Simulation , Female , Humans , Life Expectancy , Mammography/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Due to limitations in the ability to identify non-progressive disease, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is usually managed similarly to localized invasive breast cancer. We used simulation modeling to evaluate the potential impact of a hypothetical test that identifies non-progressive DCIS. METHODS: A discrete-event model simulated a cohort of U.S. women undergoing digital screening mammography. All women diagnosed with DCIS underwent the hypothetical DCIS prognostic test. Women with test results indicating progressive DCIS received standard breast cancer treatment and a decrement to quality of life corresponding to the treatment. If the DCIS test indicated non-progressive DCIS, no treatment was received and women continued routine annual surveillance mammography. A range of test performance characteristics and prevalence of non-progressive disease were simulated. Analysis compared discounted quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs for test scenarios to base-case scenarios without the test. RESULTS: Compared to the base case, a perfect prognostic test resulted in a 40% decrease in treatment costs, from $13,321 to $8005 USD per DCIS case. A perfect test produced 0.04 additional QALYs (16 days) for women diagnosed with DCIS, added to the base case of 5.88 QALYs per DCIS case. The results were sensitive to the performance characteristics of the prognostic test, the proportion of DCIS cases that were non-progressive in the model, and the frequency of mammography screening in the population. CONCLUSION: A prognostic test that identifies non-progressive DCIS would substantially reduce treatment costs but result in only modest improvements in quality of life when averaged over all DCIS cases.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Genetic Testing/methods , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/economics , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/economics , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology , Cohort Studies , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Disease Progression , Early Detection of Cancer/economics , Female , Genetic Testing/economics , Humans , Mammography/economics , Middle Aged , Models, Biological , Neoplasm Staging , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Quality of Life , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Importance: Given recent advances in screening mammography and adjuvant therapy (treatment), quantifying their separate and combined effects on US breast cancer mortality reductions by molecular subtype could guide future decisions to reduce disease burden. Objective: To evaluate the contributions associated with screening and treatment to breast cancer mortality reductions by molecular subtype based on estrogen-receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2, formerly HER2 or HER2/neu). Design, Setting, and Participants: Six Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Network (CISNET) models simulated US breast cancer mortality from 2000 to 2012 using national data on plain-film and digital mammography patterns and performance, dissemination and efficacy of ER/ERBB2-specific treatment, and competing mortality. Multiple US birth cohorts were simulated. Exposures: Screening mammography and treatment. Main Outcomes and Measures: The models compared age-adjusted, overall, and ER/ERBB2-specific breast cancer mortality rates from 2000 to 2012 for women aged 30 to 79 years relative to the estimated mortality rate in the absence of screening and treatment (baseline rate); mortality reductions were apportioned to screening and treatment. Results: In 2000, the estimated reduction in overall breast cancer mortality rate was 37% (model range, 27%-42%) relative to the estimated baseline rate in 2000 of 64 deaths (model range, 56-73) per 100â¯000 women: 44% (model range, 35%-60%) of this reduction was associated with screening and 56% (model range, 40%-65%) with treatment. In 2012, the estimated reduction in overall breast cancer mortality rate was 49% (model range, 39%-58%) relative to the estimated baseline rate in 2012 of 63 deaths (model range, 54-73) per 100â¯000 women: 37% (model range, 26%-51%) of this reduction was associated with screening and 63% (model range, 49%-74%) with treatment. Of the 63% associated with treatment, 31% (model range, 22%-37%) was associated with chemotherapy, 27% (model range, 18%-36%) with hormone therapy, and 4% (model range, 1%-6%) with trastuzumab. The estimated relative contributions associated with screening vs treatment varied by molecular subtype: for ER+/ERBB2-, 36% (model range, 24%-50%) vs 64% (model range, 50%-76%); for ER+/ERBB2+, 31% (model range, 23%-41%) vs 69% (model range, 59%-77%); for ER-/ERBB2+, 40% (model range, 34%-47%) vs 60% (model range, 53%-66%); and for ER-/ERBB2-, 48% (model range, 38%-57%) vs 52% (model range, 44%-62%). Conclusions and Relevance: In this simulation modeling study that projected trends in breast cancer mortality rates among US women, decreases in overall breast cancer mortality from 2000 to 2012 were associated with advances in screening and in adjuvant therapy, although the associations varied by breast cancer molecular subtype.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Early Detection of Cancer , Mammography , Models, Statistical , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Female , Humans , Mammography/methods , Mortality/trends , Receptor, ErbB-2 , Receptors, Estrogen , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background: Biennial screening is generally recommended for average-risk women aged 50 to 74 years, but tailored screening may provide greater benefits. Objective: To estimate outcomes for various screening intervals after age 50 years based on breast density and risk for breast cancer. Design: Collaborative simulation modeling using national incidence, breast density, and screening performance data. Setting: United States. Patients: Women aged 50 years or older with various combinations of breast density and relative risk (RR) of 1.0, 1.3, 2.0, or 4.0. Intervention: Annual, biennial, or triennial digital mammography screening from ages 50 to 74 years (vs. no screening) and ages 65 to 74 years (vs. biennial digital mammography from ages 50 to 64 years). Measurements: Lifetime breast cancer deaths, life expectancy and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), false-positive mammograms, benign biopsy results, overdiagnosis, cost-effectiveness, and ratio of false-positive results to breast cancer deaths averted. Results: Screening benefits and overdiagnosis increase with breast density and RR. False-positive mammograms and benign results on biopsy decrease with increasing risk. Among women with fatty breasts or scattered fibroglandular density and an RR of 1.0 or 1.3, breast cancer deaths averted were similar for triennial versus biennial screening for both age groups (50 to 74 years, median of 3.4 to 5.1 vs. 4.1 to 6.5 deaths averted; 65 to 74 years, median of 1.5 to 2.1 vs. 1.8 to 2.6 deaths averted). Breast cancer deaths averted increased with annual versus biennial screening for women aged 50 to 74 years at all levels of breast density and an RR of 4.0, and those aged 65 to 74 years with heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts and an RR of 4.0. However, harms were almost 2-fold higher. Triennial screening for the average-risk subgroup and annual screening for the highest-risk subgroup cost less than $100 000 per QALY gained. Limitation: Models did not consider women younger than 50 years, those with an RR less than 1, or other imaging methods. Conclusion: Average-risk women with low breast density undergoing triennial screening and higher-risk women with high breast density receiving annual screening will maintain a similar or better balance of benefits and harms than average-risk women receiving biennial screening. Primary Funding Source: National Cancer Institute.
Subject(s)
Breast Density , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Early Detection of Cancer , Mammography , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Computer Simulation , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Early Detection of Cancer/adverse effects , Early Detection of Cancer/economics , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , False Positive Reactions , Female , Humans , Life Expectancy , Mammography/adverse effects , Mammography/economics , Mammography/methods , Mass Screening/adverse effects , Mass Screening/economics , Mass Screening/methods , Medical Overuse , Middle Aged , Models, Statistical , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Risk Factors , Time Factors , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Controversy persists about optimal mammography screening strategies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate screening outcomes, taking into account advances in mammography and treatment of breast cancer. DESIGN: Collaboration of 6 simulation models using national data on incidence, digital mammography performance, treatment effects, and other-cause mortality. SETTING: United States. PATIENTS: Average-risk U.S. female population and subgroups with varying risk, breast density, or comorbidity. INTERVENTION: Eight strategies differing by age at which screening starts (40, 45, or 50 years) and screening interval (annual, biennial, and hybrid [annual for women in their 40s and biennial thereafter]). All strategies assumed 100% adherence and stopped at age 74 years. MEASUREMENTS: Benefits (breast cancer-specific mortality reduction, breast cancer deaths averted, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years); number of mammograms used; harms (false-positive results, benign biopsies, and overdiagnosis); and ratios of harms (or use) and benefits (efficiency) per 1000 screens. RESULTS: Biennial strategies were consistently the most efficient for average-risk women. Biennial screening from age 50 to 74 years avoided a median of 7 breast cancer deaths versus no screening; annual screening from age 40 to 74 years avoided an additional 3 deaths, but yielded 1988 more false-positive results and 11 more overdiagnoses per 1000 women screened. Annual screening from age 50 to 74 years was inefficient (similar benefits, but more harms than other strategies). For groups with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk, annual screening from age 40 years had similar harms and benefits as screening average-risk women biennially from 50 to 74 years. For groups with moderate or severe comorbidity, screening could stop at age 66 to 68 years. LIMITATION: Other imaging technologies, polygenic risk, and nonadherence were not considered. CONCLUSION: Biennial screening for breast cancer is efficient for average-risk populations. Decisions about starting ages and intervals will depend on population characteristics and the decision makers' weight given to the harms and benefits of screening. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Early Detection of Cancer/adverse effects , Mammography/adverse effects , Mass Screening/adverse effects , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Breast/anatomy & histology , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Comorbidity , Computer Simulation , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , False Positive Reactions , Female , Humans , Incidence , Mammography/methods , Mass Screening/methods , Middle Aged , Risk Assessment , Time Factors , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in complement factor H (CFH) Y402H and VEGF rs2146323 and rs699947 in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and their relationship with intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment response. METHODS: A total of 109 exudative AMD patients and 70 controls were included. Patients were classified as 'good responders' and 'nonresponders' based on the changes in best corrected visual acuity, central foveal thickness, lesion size, and the persistence of retinal hemorrhage after three dosages of anti-VEGF. We examined CFH, VEGF rs2146323 and rs699947 SNPs, and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in both groups. RESULTS: In total, 42 patients (38.5%) and 11 controls (15.7%) had homozygote wild genotype TT (p = 0.002). The variant C allele frequency was 45% in controls and 31.7% in patients (p = 0.011). A and C allele frequencies for VEGF rs699947 and rs2416323 were similar between the control and patient groups (p = 0.947, p = 0.378). Both SNPs were similar in responders and nonresponders. No significant difference was detected between plasma IL-6 levels of the control and AMD groups (p = 0.594), but the levels were higher in good responders than nonresponders (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: CFH Y402H SNP might be protective for AMD in the Turkish population. VEGF rs2146323 and rs699947 SNPs have no relationship to exudative AMD formation, and none of these seem to have any effect on anti-VEGF response.
Subject(s)
Bevacizumab/therapeutic use , DNA/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics , Wet Macular Degeneration/genetics , Aged , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Complement Factor H/genetics , Complement Factor H/metabolism , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Retrospective Studies , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Visual Acuity , Wet Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Wet Macular Degeneration/metabolismABSTRACT
Partial trisomy 11q is a rare syndrome and may be observed due to an intra-chromosomal duplication or an inter-chromosomal insertion. The deletions of the short arm of chromosome 12 are also uncommon structural aberrations. Only a small fraction of structural chromosome anomalies are related to the unbalanced progeny of balanced translocation carrier parents. We here report on a 10-month-old baby boy who shows a very mild phenotype related to unique chromosomal abnormality, partial trisomy of 11q, and partial monosomy of 12p, due to the maternal balanced reciprocal translocation (11;12). The proband showed a 49.64 Mb duplication of 11q14.1-q25 and 0.44 Mb deletion of 12p13.33 in chromosomal array analysis. Since it is known that the duplications may cause a milder phenotype than deletions. Dysmorphic facial features, minor cardiac anomalies, respiratory distress, central nervous system anomalies, and psychomotor delay observed in the patient was similar to the reported pure 11q duplication cases, while behavioral problems observed in pure monosomy 12p cases could not be evaluated due to the young age of the patient. Phenotype-genotype correlation will be discussed in view of all the reported pure partial 11q trisomies and pure partial 12p deletion cases.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Deletion , Comparative Genomic Hybridization , Phenotype , Trisomy/diagnosis , Trisomy/genetics , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Chromosome Banding , Chromosome Disorders/diagnosis , Chromosome Disorders/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 , Facies , Genetic Association Studies , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by chondrocyte apoptosis and necrosis which play a key role during the progression of OA. Intra-articular administration of bupivacaine is a practical and effective way of postoperative pain control following various joint surgeries. 0.25 % bupivacaine showed to be safe in terms of chondrocyte toxicity. Around 200 nM of bupivacaine was shown to be effective for peripheral nerve block. This study aims to observe the possible cytotoxic effects of bupivacaine and its enantiomer levobupivacaine on chondrocyte cell culture at 7.69, 76.9, and 384.5 µM or at 0.0125, 0.0025, and 0.00025 % concentrations, respectively. METHODS: Chondrocytes were isolated from rat articular cartilage after incubating with collagenase in RPMI-1640 medium. Cells were treated with bupivacaine and levobupivacaine at 7.69, 76.9, and 384.5 µM concentrations for 6, 24, and 48 h. Treated chondrocytes were stained with acridine orange and ethidium bromide and examined under a fluorescence microscope at a 490 nm excitation wavelength for apoptotic changes. RESULTS: Study results suggest that both bupivacaine and levobupivacaine have dose-dependent chondrocyte toxicity, and this is significantly lesser at 7.69 µM dose. There was no significant difference in terms of chondrocyte apoptosis, (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be skeptic for the serious long-term side effects of bupivacaine and its analogs, even at ultra-low doses.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Bupivacaine/analogs & derivatives , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Chondrocytes/physiology , Animals , Cartilage, Articular/cytology , Cells, Cultured , Levobupivacaine , RatsABSTRACT
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects >60% of adults and can pose an independent risk factor for allograft loss and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a nationwide implementation of CMV seromatching (donor/recipient: D-/R- and D+/R+) in the U.S. deceased donor kidney allocation system (KAS). Methods: Adult candidates on the U.S. kidney-only transplant waiting list and deceased donor kidneys offered to the U.S. transplant centers were considered. A discrete-event simulation model, simulating the pre-COVID-19 period from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2018, was used to compare the performances of currently employed KAS-250 policy (without CMV matching) to various simulated CMV matching policies parameterized by calculated panel reactive antibody exception threshold. Outcomes included CMV serodistribution, waiting time, access to transplantation among various groups, transplant rate, graft survival, kidney discard rate, and antigen-mismatch distribution, stratified by CMV serostatus. Results: CMV matching policy with a calculated panel reactive antibody exception threshold of 50% (namely, the CMV">50%" policy) strikes a better balance between benefits and drawbacks of CMV matching. Compared with KAS-250, CMV">50%" reduced CMV high-risk (D+/R-) transplants (6.1% versus 18.1%) and increased CMV low-risk (D-/R-) transplants (27.2% versus 13.1%); increased transplant rate for CMV R- patients (11.54 versus 12.57) but decreased for R+ patients (10.68 versus 10.48), yielding an increase in aggregate (11.09 versus 10.94); and reduced mean time to transplantation (by 6 wk); and reduced kidney discard rate (25.7% versus 26.2%). Conclusions: Our findings underscore the feasibility and potential advantages of a nationwide CMV seromatching policy in kidney transplantation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Both computed tomography (CTA) and conventional angiography (CCA) can provide direct visualization of the coronary arteries. The aim of the present study was to compare the radiation exposure between CTA and CCA and to search whether this amount of radiation causes significant DNA damage. METHOD: Seventy-two patients who underwent CTA or CCA were enrolled prospectively. We recorded the radiation dosage that was used during the procedures and calculated the effective dose (ED). We determined the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) level from the blood samples which were drawn from the patients before and after the procedures. The change in SCE is used as the measure of DNA damage induced by the radiation. RESULTS: The patients in the CTA (n = 36) and CCA groups (n= 36) had similar baseline characteristics. The ED was higher in CTA examinations compared to CCA examinations (14.2 +/- 2.7 vs 6.4 +/- 3.1, P <0.001). The SCE level increased significantly after both angiography methods (P <0.001). When the change in SCE after angiography was compared, we did not find a significant difference among the groups (2.73 +/- 1.6 vs 2.54 +/- 1.22, P= NS). CONCLUSION: Although the patients who underwent CTA were exposed to a greater amount of radiation, the radiation-induced genetic damage was similar with both types of the procedures.
Subject(s)
Angina, Stable/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Angiography/adverse effects , DNA Damage/genetics , DNA/radiation effects , Multidetector Computed Tomography/adverse effects , Radiation Injuries/genetics , Angina, Stable/blood , Coronary Angiography/methods , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Radiation Injuries/diagnosis , Radiation Injuries/etiology , Sister Chromatid Exchange/genetics , Sister Chromatid Exchange/radiation effectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The ATM gene is one of the most common breast cancer (BC) susceptibility genes after BRCA1/2 and has been shown to be a moderate BC susceptibility gene. The association between ATM germline mutation and clinical features of BC is now unknown. In this article, clinicopathological features of BC patients with ATM germline heterozygous mutation were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients admitted to the Medical Genetics department of a tertiary hospital between January 2020 and December 2022 were examined. Only invasive BC patients with pathogenic mutation, likely pathogenic mutation, or variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were included in the study. RESULTS: In all, 121 patients were included in the study. The median age at the first cancer diagnosis of the patients was 44 years. Of the total number of patients, 75.2% (91) had the histological subtype of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, and 43% (52) had Luminal B molecular subtype features. At a median follow-up of 16 months, 5.8% (7) of patients developed cancer in the contralateral breast. In addition, 7.4% (9) of the patients developed a second primary cancer during follow-up. When the patients were compared according to ATM variant classification, the localization, histologic types, and molecular subtypes of the BC were not different between all groups (respectively; p=0.68, p=0.65, p=0.32). CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first publication that evaluates the clinical and pathological characteristics of BC patients with germline heterozygous ATM mutations in the Turkish population. When patients were compared according to variant classifications of ATM mutation, patients' histological and molecular subtypes were similar.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Exercise addiction is a phenomenon being able to affecting the athletic performance. The gene, ANKK1 and the polymorphism NM_178510.2:c.2137G > A (rs1800497) has been linked to the exercise addiction. However, further studies on diverse populations and sport branches are needed to totally explore the possible association of this polymorphism with the athletic performance. Thus, the present study aims to decipher any possible relations of the rs1800497 polymorphism with the athletic performance/personal best (PB) and sport experience of elite athletes. Methods: Sixty volunteer elite athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 control/sedentary participated in the study. The polymorphism was genotyped using whole exome sequencing approach and PB were determined according to the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score. Results: Our results underlined that there were not any significance differences for both allele and genotype frequencies between the groups in terms of athletic performance, although the frequency of allele G was higher (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, sport experience significantly associated with the rs1800496 polymorphism (p < 0.05). Discussion: In conclusion, genotype G/G could be inferred to be linked to the higher sport experience and athletic performance. Still, further studies with higher number of participants are needed to conclude the association of this polymorphism with athletic parameters.
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to examine the vitamin D receptor (VDR), rs2228570 polymorphism, and its effect on elite athletes' performance. A total of 60 elite athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 control/ physically inactive, aged 18-35, voluntarily participated in the study. The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score scale was used to determine the performance levels of the athletes' personal best (PB). Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed by the genomic DNA isolated from the peripheral blood of the participants. Sports type, sex, and competitive performance were chosen as the parameters to compare within and between the groups by linear regression models. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the CC, TC, and TT genotypes within and between the groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, our results underlined that there were no statistically significant differences for the association of rs2228570 polymorphism with PBs within the groups of the (p > 0.05) athletes. The genetic profile in the selected gene was similar in elite endurance, sprint athletes, and in controls, suggesting that rs2228570 polymorphism does not determine competitive performance in the analyzed athlete cohort.