ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analizar los diferentes elementos en los argumentos recibidos durante la consulta pública del Proyecto de Modificación a la Norma Oficial Mexicana-051 (NOM-051), con énfasis en la protección de niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNA). Material y métodos. Se analizó la información de 1 095 argumentos, se identificó a los actores clave y se realizó un análisis de contenido para conocer la postura, a favor o en contra de los numerales relacionados con la protección a NNA. El análisis se hizo en el programa NVivo. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 781 actores clave. Durante la consulta pública se identificaron cuatro tácticas del sector privado para interferir en el proceso de la NOM-051: a) grupos fachada que enviaron comentarios en contra de la NOM-051; b) cuestionar la evidencia científica sobre la relación del consumo de edulcorantes y el desarrollo de obesidad en escolares; c) cuestionar la efectividad del uso del etiquetado de advertencia para edulcorantes; d) responsabilizar a los individuos de su enfermedad. Conclusión. La interferencia del sector privado en el proceso de implementación de la NOM-051 fue evidente en los argumentos enviados durante la consulta pública.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Digital food marketing is increasing and has an impact on children's behaviour. Limited research has been performed in Latin America. OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent and nature of Mexican children's and adolescents' exposure to digital food and beverage marketing during recreational internet use. METHODS: A crowdsourcing strategy was used to recruit 347 participants during the COVID-19 lockdown. Participants completed a survey and recorded 45 minutes of their device's screen time using screen-capture software. Food marketing was identified and nutrition information for each marketed product was collected. Healthfulness of products was determined using the Pan-American Health Organization and the Mexican Nutrient Profile Model (NPM). A content analysis was undertaken to assess marketing techniques. RESULTS: Overall, 69.5% of children and adolescents were exposed to digital food marketing. Most frequently marketed foods were ready-made foods. Children and adolescents would typically see a median of 2.7 food marketing exposures per hour, 8 daily exposures during a weekday and 6.7 during a weekend day. We estimated 47.3 food marketing exposures per week (2461 per year). The most used marketing technique was brand characters. Marketing was appealing to children and adolescents yet most of the products were not permitted for marketing to children according to the NPMs (>90%). CONCLUSIONS: Mexican children and adolescents were exposed to unhealthy digital food marketing. The Government should enforce evidence-based mandatory regulations on digital media.