Stability of Plasmonic Mg-MgO Core-Shell Nanoparticles in Gas-Phase Oxidative Environments.

Magnesium is a recent addition to the plasmonic toolbox: nanomaterials that efficiently utilize photons' energy due to their ability to sustain localized surface plasmon resonances. Magnesium nanoparticles protected by a native oxide shell can efficiently absorb light across the solar spectrum, making them a promising photocatalytic material. However, their inherent reactivity toward oxidation may limit the number of reactions in which Mg-MgO can be used. Here, we investigate the stability of plasmonic Mg-MgO core-shell nanoplates under oxidative conditions. We demonstrate that the MgO shell stabilizes the metallic Mg core against oxidation in air at up to 400 °C. Furthermore, we show that the reactivity of Mg-MgO nanoplates with water vapor (3.5 vol % in N2) decreases with temperature, with no oxidation of the Mg core detected from 200 to 400 °C. This work unravels the potential of Mg-MgO nanoparticles for a broad range of catalytic transformations occurring in oxidative environments.

Lactoferrin mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transformation by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major player in regulating NPC transfer. There is increasing evidence that lactotransferrin (LTF) is an important regulator of EMT conversion. However, the potential role and mechanisms of LTF in regulating NPC cell EMT remain unclear. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) and Western blotting were applied to measure the expression of LTF in NPC cells. Subsequently, the influences of LTF on the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells were verified by functional acquisition experiments. Finally, Western blotting was used to analyze the effects of EMT-related proteins and phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian rapamycin target (mTOR) signaling pathways. The data of this study indicate that LTF was underexpressed in human NPC cells, and upregulation of LTF could restrain NPC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT transformation. Moreover, the effects of LTF on NPC cell metastasis and EMT are partly determined by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This study suggests that LTF is a potential biomarker of NPC and that LTF-mediated EMT progression plays a tumor-suppressive role in the progression of NPC metastasis.

Mediastinal Cryobiopsy for Pathological Diagnosis of Fibrosing Mediastinitis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension.

INTRODUCTION: Fibrosing mediastinitis is a benign but fatal disorder characterized by the proliferation of fibrous tissue in the mediastinum, causing encasement of mediastinal organs and extrinsic compression of adjacent bronchovascular structures. FM-associated pulmonary hypertension (FM-PH) is a serious complication of FM, resulting from the external compression of lung vessels. Pathologic assessment is important for etiologic diagnosis and effective treatment of this disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old male patient presented at our hospital and was diagnosed with FM-PH. He declined surgical biopsy that is the reference standard for pathologic assessment, in consideration of the potential risks. Therefore, an endobronchial ultrasound examination was performed, which identified the subcarinal lesion. Under ultrasound guidance, four needle aspirations were carried out, followed by one cryobiopsy. Histopathological examination of transbronchial needle aspiration specimens was inconclusive, while samples from cryobiopsy suggested a diagnosis of idiopathic FM. Further immunophenotyping demonstrated the infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and FOXP3-positive cells in FM-PH. CONCLUSION: Mediastinal cryobiopsy might be a novel and safe option for FM-PH patients who are unwilling or unsuitable for surgical procedure.

Discovery of Prenyltransferase-Guided Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Derivatives from Marine Fungus Penicillium sp. W21C371.

Traditional isolation methods often lead to the rediscovery of known natural products. In contrast, genome mining strategies are considered effective for the continual discovery of new natural products. In this study, we discovered a unique prenyltransferase (PT) through genome mining, capable of catalyzing the transfer of a prenyl group to an aromatic nucleus to form C-C or C-O bonds. A pair of new hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivative enantiomers with prenyl units, (±)-peniprenydiol A (1), along with 16 known compounds (2-17), were isolated from a marine fungus, Penicillium sp. W21C371. The separation of 1 using chiral HPLC led to the isolation of the enantiomers 1a and 1b. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by a modified Mosher method. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 was deduced, facilitated by PT catalysis. In the in vitro assay, 2 and 3 showed promising inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli ß-glucuronidase (EcGUS), with IC50 values of 44.60 ± 0.84 µM and 21.60 ± 0.76 µM, respectively, compared to the positive control, D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone hydrate (DSL). This study demonstrates the advantages of genome mining in the rational acquisition of new natural products.

A novel machine learning-based imputation strategy for missing data in step-stress accelerated degradation test.

The presence of missing data is a significant data quality issue that negatively impacts the accuracy and reliability of data analysis. This issue is especially relevant in the context of accelerated tests, particularly for step-stress accelerated degradation tests. While missing data can occur due to objective factors or human error, high missing rate is an inevitable pattern of missing data that will occur during the conversion process of accelerated test data. This type of missing data manifests as a degradation dataset with unequal measuring intervals. Therefore, developing a more appropriate imputation method for accelerated test data is essential. In this study, we propose a novel hybrid imputation method that combines the LSSVM and RBF models to address missing data problems. A comparison is conducted between the proposed model and various traditional and machine learning imputation methods using simulation data, to justify the advantages of the proposed model over the existing methods. Finally, the proposed model is implemented on real degradation datasets of the super-luminescent diode (SLD) to validate its performance and effectiveness in dealing with missing data in step-stress accelerated degradation test. Additionally, due to the generalizability of the proposed method, it is expected to be applicable in other scenarios with high missing data rates.

Silica-Reinforced AMP-Calcium Alginate Beads for Efficient and Selective Removal of Cesium from a Strong Acidic Medium.

Due to the significant selectivity for Cs+, ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) possesses potential to uptake radiocesium from high-level liquid waste (HLLW), whereas its micro-crystalline structure and fine powder morphology limit its industrial application. Although the granulation method with alginate is prospective for the preparation of an AMP exchanger, the mechanical strength of obtained beads may be insufficient for application. In this context, we prepared silica-reinforced AMP-calcium alginate (ACS) beads and evaluated their performance for Cs+ removal from strong acidic solutions. It was found that the addition of silica in the fabrication significantly improved the mechanical strength of the beads in comparison to those without silica. Notably, the beads with an AMP/silica mass ratio of 1.0 exhibited an exceptional mechanical strength, surpassing that of ACS beads composed of other components. The batch experiment results indicated that the Cs+ adsorption follows a non-linear pseudo-second-order rate equation. The distribution coefficient of Cs+ was high even in extreme acidic conditions (∼1.6 × 102 mL/g in 8.0 mol/L HNO3 solution). The Cs+ adsorption can be well fitted with the Langmuir model, and the estimated maximum exchange capacity in 3.0 mol/L HNO3 could reach 23.9 mg/g. More importantly, ACS beads showed excellent selectivity toward Cs+ uptake over eight co-existing metal ions in simulated HLLW, with separation factor values all above 145. The column experiment exhibited that the beads can serve as the stationary phase in columns to effectively remove Cs+. The findings of this study are significant as they provide insights into the development of efficient materials for radiocesium removal from high-level liquid waste. The results demonstrate the potential of silica-reinforced ACS beads for Cs+ adsorption, with promising applications in industrial settings.

Retrieval and reuse of surfactants from microemulsions enabled by a pH-triggered precipitation-dissolution strategy.

How to retrieve and reuse surfactants efficiently from surfactant-based microemulsions (MEs) has long been a problem, which is full of challenges and needs to be solved urgently. To this end, a pH-triggered precipitation-dissolution (PTPD) strategy is developed. The surfactant sodium 3-(laurylamino)propane-1-sulfonate (LMPS) transforms into an insoluble precipitate (the inner salt of LMPS, LMP) after reaction with HCl, by which the monophasic LMPS-based MEs demulsified entirely, giving a separable mixture of oil, water and LMP. LMP can be retrieved efficiently (~95.3%) regardless of the ME type, and can then be conveniently restored to LMPS via reactions with NaOH. Conceptually, the retrieval of LMPS (~96.6%), toxic benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, ~99.5%) and a mixture of co-surfactant n-butanol and the oil phase n-heptane (~97.1%) from the sufficiently emulsified soil eluents is achievable by respectively using the PTPD strategy and distillation, wherein the soil eluents were generated from the remediation of BaP-contaminated soil using an oil-in-water LMPS-based ME as washing agent. It reveals a promising future for the PTPD strategy in the post-processing of soil eluents containing toxic hydrophobic organic contaminants and excessive surfactants.

Efficient removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution using poly(amidoxime-hydroxamic acid) functionalized graphene oxide.

The efficient development of selective materials for uranium recovery from wastewater and seawater is crucial for the utilization of uranium resources and environmental protection. The potential of graphene oxide (GO) as an effective adsorbent for the removal of environmental contaminants has been extensively investigated. Further modification of the functional groups on the basal surface of GO can significantly enhance its adsorption performance. In this study, a novel poly(amidoxime-hydroxamic acid) functionalized graphene oxide (pAHA-GO) was synthesized via free radical polymerization followed by an oximation reaction, aiming to enhance its adsorption efficiency for U(VI). A variety of characterization techniques, including SEM, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR, and XPS, were employed to demonstrate the successful decoration of amidoxime and hydroxamic acid functional groups onto GO. Meanwhile, the adsorption of U(VI) on pAHA-GO was studied as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, ionic strength, initial U(VI) concentration, and interfering ions by batch-type experiments. The results indicated that the pAHA-GO exhibited excellent reuse capability, high stability, and anti-interference ability. Specially, the U(VI) adsorption reactions were consistent with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isothermal adsorption models. The maximum U(VI) adsorption capacity was evaluated to be 178.7 mg/g at pH 3.6, displaying a higher U(VI) removal efficiency compared with other GO-based adsorbents in similar conditions. Regeneration of pAHA-GO did not significantly influence the adsorption towards U(VI) for up to four sequential cycles. In addition, pAHA-GO demonstrated good adsorption capacity stability when it was immersed in HNO3 solution at different concentrations (0.1-1.0 mol/L) for 72 h. pAHA-GO was also found to have anti-interference ability for U(VI) adsorption in seawater with high salt content at near-neutral pH condition. In simulated seawater, the adsorption efficiency was above 94% for U(VI) across various initial concentrations. The comprehensive characterization results demonstrated the involvement of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups in pAHA-GO in the adsorption process of U(VI). Overall, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of the pAHA-GO composite used for the capture of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.

m1A demethylase Alkbh3 regulates neurogenesis through m1A demethylation of Mmp15 mRNA.

BACKGROUND: N1-Methyladenosine (m1A) is an abundant modification of transcripts regulating mRNA structure and translation efficiency. However, the characteristics and biological functions of mRNA m1A modification in adult hippocampal neurogenesis remain enigmatic. RESULTS: We found that m1A demethylase Alkbh3 was dramatically enriched in neurons and neuronal genesis. Functionally, depletion of Alkbh3 in neural stem cells (NSCs) significantly decreased m1A modification, neuronal differentiation and proliferation coupling with increasing gliogenesis, whereas overexpressing Alkbh3 facilitated neuronal differentiation and proliferation. Mechanistically, the m1A demethylation of Mmp15 mRNA by Alkbh3 improved its RNA stability and translational efficacy, which promoted neurogenesis. Therapeutically, the silencing of Alkbh3 reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired spatial memory in the adult mice. CONCLUSIONS: We reveal a novel function of m1A demethylation on Mmp15 mRNA in Alkbh3-mediated neurogenesis, which shed light on advancing Alkbh3 regulation of neurogenesis as a novel neurotherapeutic strategy.

Insulin-like growth factor 2 targets IGF1R signaling transduction to facilitate metastasis and imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are typical gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Imatinib is the first-line therapy for GIST patients. Drug resistance limits the long-term effectiveness of imatinib. The regulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been confirmed in various cancers and is related to resistance to chemotherapy and a worse prognosis. AIM: To further investigate the mechanism of IGF2 specific to GISTs. METHODS: IGF2 was screened and analyzed using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO: GSE225819) data. After IGF2 knockdown or overexpression by transfection, the phenotypes (proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis) of GIST cells were characterized by cell counting kit 8, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. We used western blotting to evaluate pathway-associated and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins. We injected transfected cells into nude mice to establish a tumor xenograft model and observed the occurrence and metastasis of GIST. RESULTS: Data from the GEO indicated that IGF2 expression is high in GISTs, associated with liver metastasis, and closely related to drug resistance. GIST cells with high expression of IGF2 had increased proliferation and migration, invasiveness and EMT. Knockdown of IGF2 significantly inhibited those activities. In addition, OE-IGF2 promoted GIST metastasis in vivo in nude mice. IGF2 activated IGF1R signaling in GIST cells, and IGF2/IGF1R-mediated glycolysis was required for GIST with liver metastasis. GIST cells with IGF2 knockdown were sensitive to imatinib treatment when IGF2 overexpression significantly raised imatinib resistance. Moreover, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (a glycolysis inhibitor) treatment reversed IGF2 overexpression-mediated imatinib resistance in GISTs. CONCLUSION: IGF2 targeting of IGF1R signaling inhibited metastasis and decreased imatinib resistance by driving glycolysis in GISTs.

Elemental and particle size fractionation during the transport of Eu(III)-silicate colloids in water-saturated porous media.

Actinides (An)-bearing colloids could facilitate An migration in the environment. However, little is known about the transport behavior of An(III)-silicate colloids, which are readily formed by the reaction of An3+ with silicic acid under environmental conditions. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the transport of Eu(III)-silicate colloids (chemical analog of An(III)-silicate colloids) in water-saturated porous media as a function of pH, ionic strength (IS) and the presence of fulvic acid (FA). The results showed that colloid transport was more favorable at relatively low IS (≤ 50 mM) and high pH levels (pH ≥ 7). The presence of FA (5-10 mg/L) significantly enhanced the colloid transport. Under high IS (≥ 100 mM), the transport feature of colloids was turned from blocking to ripening due to the on-going aggregation of colloids. Additionally, an interesting elemental fractionation, i.e., a discrepancy in the breakthrough curves (BTCs) with respect to the C/C0 values of Si and Eu, was observed in the IS of 100-500 mM. A detailed investigation indicated that the elemental fractionation could be attributed to the partial Si dissolution of the colloids, the heterogeneity of the colloid size and element composition, and particle size fractionation during colloid transport. Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek interaction energy calculations and convective-dispersive equation modeling were performed to illustrate variations in the colloid transport profiles. These findings illustrate the importance of Si dissolution in the migration of metal-silicate colloids and highlight the significant influence of the heterogeneity of colloid size and composition on the transport/migration behavior of colloids in the environment.

Salusin­α alleviates lipid metabolism disorders via regulation of the downstream lipogenesis genes through the LKB1/AMPK pathway.

Lipid metabolism disorders are a major cause of several chronic metabolic diseases which seriously affect public health. Salusin­α, a vasoactive peptide, has been shown to attenuate lipid metabolism disorders, although its mechanism of action has not been reported. To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of Salusin­α on lipid metabolism, Salusin­α was overexpressed or knocked down using lentiviral vectors. Hepatocyte steatosis was induced by free fatty acid (FFA) after lentiviral transfection into HepG2 cells. The degree of lipid accumulation was assessed using Oil Red O staining and by measuring several biochemical indices. Subsequently, bioinformatics was used to analyze the signaling pathways that may have been involved in lipid metabolism disorders. Finally, semi­quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to verify the involvement of the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMPK pathway. Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, was used to confirm this mechanism's involvement further. The results showed that Salusin­α significantly attenuated lipid accumulation, inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, Salusin­α increased the levels of LKB1 and AMPK, which inhibited the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein­1c, fatty acid synthase and acetyl­CoA carboxylase. The addition of Compound C abrogated the Salusin­α­mediated regulation of AMPK on downstream signaling molecules. In summary, overexpression of Salusin­α activated the LKB1/AMPK pathway, which in turn inhibited lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. This provides insights into the potential mechanism underlying the mechanism by which Salusin­α ameliorates lipid metabolism disorders while identifying a potential therapeutic target.

Clinical study on the difference of binocular biological parameters of the anterior segment in early diagnosis of keratoconus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the diagnostic value of the difference of binocular biological parameters of the anterior segment in early keratoconus.METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. A total of 183 patients(366 eyes)who visited our hospital from March 2022 to November 2023 were included, including 107 cases(214 eyes)in the control group(patients with simple refractive error), 40 cases(80 eyes)in the subclinical keratoconus group, and 36 cases(72 eyes)in the clinical keratoconus group. All of the patients were examined by the Pentacam anterior segment analyzer to determine the inferior-superior 3 mm of the posterior corneal surface(I-S), corneal posterior elevation of the thinnest point(P.E.), maximum posterior elevation of the best fit sphere(MPE from BFS), the maximum posterior elevation of the best fit toric ellipsoid(MPE from BFTE), posterior aspherical asymmetry index(AAI), central corneal thickness(CCT), thinnest corneal thickness(TCT), pachymetric progression index average(PPIavg), Ambrósio relational thickness maximum(ARTmax), Belin/ Ambrósio enhanced ectasia display(BAD-D), and the binocular difference of each test was calculated separately for each patient. The control group was further divided according to corneal diameter: 21 cases(42 eyes)with corneal diameter <11.2 mm in group A, 54 cases(108 eyes)with 11.2 mm≤ corneal diameter ≤11.8 mm in group B, and 32 cases(64 eyes)with corneal diameter >11.8 mm in group C.RESULTS: There was significant differences in the binocular I-S, P.E., MPE from BFS, MPE from BFTE, AAI, CCT, TCT, PPIavg, ARTmax and BAD-D between the clinical keratoconus group and the control group(P<0.05). The difference of binocular I-S, P.E., MPE from BFS, MPE from BFTE, AAI, CCT, TCT, PPIavg, and BAD-D were of high diagnostic value(AUC≥0.900), with the best diagnostic ability for P.E. and BAD-D, and an AUC as high as 0.999 and 0.995, respectively. The difference of binocular P.E. and ARTmax between the subclinical keratoconus group and the control group were statistically significant(P<0.05). The difference of binocular I-S, P.E. and BAD-D had high diagnostic value for subclinical keratoconus(AUC≥0.900). In the control group A, B and C, there were no significant difference in binocular I-S, CCT, TCT, MPE from BFS, MPE from BFTE, AAI, PPIavg and ARTmax(all P>0.05), and none of them had correlation with corneal diameter(P>0.05); however, there were statistical significant differences in binocular P.E. and BAD-D in the control group A, B and C(P=0.007, 0.003), while the P.E. differences had no correlation with corneal diameter(P=0.270), and binocular BAD-D differences were negatively correlated with corneal diameter(r=-0.230, P=0.017).CONCLUSION: Pentacam anterior segment analyzer can accurately measure a variety of corneal biological parameters. Difference of binocular corneal I-S, P.E. and BAD-D are sensitive indexes for the early diagnosis of keratoconus. Among them, difference of binocular I-S and P.E. are less affected by corneal diameter, thus being significant for the early diagnosis of keratoconus with different cornea diameters.

Clinical efficacy and safety evaluation of probiotic-assisted chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer / 中国药师

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of probiotic-assisted chemotherapy in patients advanced colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods Patients with advanced CRC admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University from March 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled.CRC patients were randomly divided into the test group(Bifidobacterium triple viable capsule,capecitabine+oxaliplatin)and the control group(capecitabine+oxaliplatin)by random number table method.The short-term efficacy(objective response rate and disease control rate),incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions,Karnofsky performance status(KPS)score,and serum tumor markers CA72-4,CA19-9 and CEA levels were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 120 patients with CRC were included,including 60 patients in the test group and 60 in the control group.Compared with the control group,the objective remission rate and disease control rate in the testl group were significantly higher(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea and acid reflux between the two groups(P>0.05),and the incidences of abdominal pain,bloating,constipation and diarrhea in the test group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in KPS score,serum CA72-4,serum CA19-9 and serum CEA levels between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05),and after 4 weeks of treatment,the KPS score of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the serum levels of CA72-4,serum CA19-9 and serum CEA were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Probiotics-assisted chemotherapy improve the near-term efficacy,reduce gastrointestinal adverse effects,and improve the quality of life in patients with advanced CRC.

Construction and validation of a visual prediction model for the risk of urinary tract infection after PKRP surgery / 中国现代医生

@#Objective To analyze the influencing factors of postoperative urinary tract infection in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate with plasmakinetic energy(PKRP)and establish a risk prediction nomogram model.Methods The data of PKRP patients in Department of Urology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from December 2020 to September 2021 were selected as the modeling set,and the high-risk factors were screened by univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis.The risk prediction nomogram model was constructed and verified internally and externally.Results The incidence of urinary tract infection after PKRP surgery was 15.38%.Multivariate analysis showed that age,other location infection,diabetes,preoperative catheterization,urethral injury,indwelling catheter material,hair coloring catheter replacement times and number of indwelling catheterization were risk factors for urinary tract infection(P<0.05).Internal verification(area under the curve was 0.875)and external verification(area under the curve was 0.869)show that the risk prediction nomogram model has good discrimination and accuracy.Conclusion The influencing factors of urinary tract infection after PKRP are complex.The risk prediction nomogram model has good prediction performance,which can provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infection after PKRP.

The relationship between irregular menstrual cycle and bone stress injuries in female athletes

Background andobjectives: Emerging evidence suggests that irregular menstrual cycles may be linked to an increased prevalence of bone stress injuries among female athletes, but the relationship in this specific population requires further exploration. This study aims to investigate the correlation between irregular menstrual cycles and bone stress injuries in female athletes, distinguishing between those with and without such injuries. Non-pregnant female athletes aged 20 years and older were included in this analysis. Information on menstrual cycle regularity and bone stress injuries was collected through detailed health questionnaires. Additionally, dietary habits, specifically dietary fiber intake—which has been associated with general health outcomes—were assessed using two 24-hour recalls from the NHANES database. Demographic and health characteristics between athletes with regular and irregular menstrual cycles were compared using SPSS software. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of menstrual irregularities on the incidence of bone stress injuries. Results indicated that female athletes with irregular menstrual cycles exhibited a higher incidence of bone stress injuries compared to their counterparts with regular cycles. The study highlights the need for targeted health strategies to address menstrual irregularities in female athletes to reduce the risk of bone stress injuries and promote overall bone health. (AU)

Clinical efficacy of combined therapy in children with stage 4 neuroblastoma / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the early clinical efficacy of combined therapy of stage 4 neuroblastoma.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data and follow-up data of 14 children with stage 4 neuroblastoma who were diagnosed in Hong Kong University-Shenzhen Hospital from January 2016 to June 2021.@*RESULTS@#The median age of onset was 3 years and 7.5 months in these 14 children. Among these children, 9 had positive results of bone marrow biopsy, 4 had N-Myc gene amplification, 13 had an increase in neuron-specific enolase, and 7 had an increase in vanilmandelic acid in urine. Based on the results of pathological examination, differentiated type was observed in 6 children, undifferentiated type in one child, mixed type, in one child and poorly differentiated type in 6 children. Of all the children, 10 received chemotherapy with the N7 regimen (including 2 children receiving arsenic trioxide in addition) and 4 received chemotherapy with the Rapid COJEC regimen. Thirteen children underwent surgery, 14 received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and 10 received radiotherapy. A total of 8 children received Ch14.18/CHO immunotherapy, among whom 1 child discontinued due to anaphylactic shock during immunotherapy, and the other 7 children completed Ch14.18/CHO treatment without serious adverse events, among whom 1 child was treated with Lu177 Dotatate 3 times after recurrence and is still undergoing chemotherapy at present. The median follow-up time was 45 months for all the 14 children. Four children experienced recurrence within 2 years, and the 2-year overall survival rate was 100%; 4 children experienced recurrence within 3 years, and 7 achieved disease-free survival within 3 years.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Multidisciplinary combined therapy is recommended for children with stage 4 neuroblastoma and can help them achieve better survival and prognosis.

Therapeutic Effect of Imatinib Made in Real World to Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic imatinib (made in China) in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia chronic phase(CML-CP).@*METHODS@#Fifty-seven newly diagnosed CML-CP patients who did not receive any other anti-CML treatment were treated by domestic imatinib 400 mg once a day. The hematological, cytogenetic and molecular reactions and safety were observed and evaluated after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment.@*RESULTS@#Fifty-six patients were treated for ≥3 and 6 months, among which 50 patients were treated for ≥12 months. After 3 months of treatment, 49 patients underwent hematological examination, 47 patients (95.9%) achieved complete hematological response (CHR), 49 patients underwent cytogenetic examination, 39 patients (79.6%) achieved major cytogenetic response (MCyR), and 12 patients (24.5%) achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR). 49 patients underwent the level of BCR-ABL test, including 41 patients (83.7%) with BCR-ABL@*CONCLUSION@#In the real world, Domestics imatinib mesylate is effective and safe in the treatment of newly diagnosed CML-CP patients, but long-term follow-up data are still necessary to verify its long-term efficacy.

Amplification of Extrachromosomal Oncogene and Tumorigenesis and Development / 中国肺癌杂志

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a small segment of circular DNA located outside the chromosome, which has the function of self-replication. Recently, amplification of oncogenes on ecDNA has been proved to be a common phenomenon in tumor cells, and has some characteristics worth studying, such as correlation with patients' poor prognosis. Multiple chromosomal events are involved in the formation of ecDNA, and its amplification can directly increase the number of DNA copies of extra-chromosomal oncogenes and accelerate the generation and development of tumors. Moreover, the segregation pattern of unequal transmission of parental ecDNA cells to offspring not only increases tumor heterogeneity, but also enhances tumor adaptation to environment and response to therapy. This article reviews the current status and potential significance of ecDNA in tumor cells.
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Comparison of the effect of small incision cataract surgery whether combined with nucleus chopping or not in the treatment of cataract / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare efficacy of small incision cataract surgery whether combined with nucleus chopping or not in the treatment of cataract. Methods From March 2014 to September 2015,125 cases of age-related cataract(146 eyes) in the the First People′s Hospital of Xiantao were divided into 60 cases(75 eyes) of observation group and 65 cases(71 eyes) of control group by method of random sampling. The observation group accepted small incision cataract surgery combined with chopping nucleus. The control group only underwent small incision cataract surgery. The postoperative visual acuity,corneal astigmatism and operation time,and complications and so on in the two groups were compared. Results There was statistically significant difference in postoperative visual acuity after 1 week between the two groups(Z = -2. 078,P <0. 05),but there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative visual acuity after 1 month or 3 months between the two groups(Z= -0. 960,-0. 743,all P>0. 05). The postoperative corneal astigmatism after 1 week or 1 month between the observation group and the control group had statistically significant differences[(1. 33 ± 0. 45) D vs. (1. 52 ± 0. 49) D,(1. 03 ± 0. 42) D vs. (1. 18 ± 0. 44)D,t=2. 442,2. 108,all P<0. 05)],but there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative corneal astigmatism after 3 months between the two groups(t =0. 432,P >0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time between the observation group and the control group[(11. 28 ± 2. 32) min vs. (11. 87 ± 2. 52)min,t=1. 473,P>0. 05]. One case of posterior capsular rupture occurred in the two groups,respec-tively. But serious complications such as lens nucleus escaped into vitreous cavity, explosive haemorrhage from the choroid or corneal endothelial decompensated had not been found. Conclusion The small incision cataract surgery combined with nucleus chopping has advantages in acquiring fast visual rehabilitation acuity in the early stage after operation,lower corneal astigmatism compared to that without nucleus chopping. Therefore,the small incision cataract surgery combined with nucleus chopping is worthy of clinical popularization and application.