[The possibility of application of stimulant growth factor (ST2) for verifying postinfarction remodeling of myocardium.]

PURPOSE OF STUDY: To detect level ST2 in blood serum of patients with myocardium infarction in dynamics of hospital period and their relationship with remodeling of myocardium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sampling included 87 patients (65 males and 22 females) with myocardium infarction and the ST-segment elevation and average age of 59 years. All patients were allocated in two groups: with adaptive alternative of remodeling of myocardium (67 patients) and deadaptive alternative (20 patients). The control group consisted of 30 individuals. At the first and twelfth days after myocardium infarction in blood serum content of ST2 and NT-proBNP were detected using immune-enzyme technique with application of test-systems produced by Critical Diagnostics (USA) and Biomedica (Slovakia) correspondingly. The data statistical analysis was processed using non-parametric criteria. THE RESULTS: He content of ST2 and NT-proBNP at the first day of myocardium infarction increased in 2.4 and 4.5 times correspondingly as compared with control group. The patients with deadaptive remodeling were characterized by in 1.5 times higher content of ST2 at the first day than in group of adaptive remodeling and in 5.3 times higher that in control group. In the end of hospital period (twelfth day) in both groups decreasing of level of ST2 was observed. The concentration of NT-proBNP at the first day was increased in 1.8 times in patients of both groups and decreased at twelfth day. At that there were no differences between both groups. The high level of ST2 at the first day increases the risk of development of deadaptive remodeling in 4.5 times, NT-proBNP only in 2.3 times. CONCLUSION: The high level of stimulant growth factor ST2 at the first day of myocardium infarction was associated with deadaptive alternative of post-infarction remodeling that permits using ST2 as prognostic marker with high sensitivity and specificity.

Effect of insulin, the glutathione system, and superoxide anion radical in modulation of lipolysis in adipocytes of rats with experimental diabetes.

Spontaneous lipolysis was found to be increased in adipocytes of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. In addition, isoproterenol-stimulated hydrolysis of triacylglycerols was inhibited against the background of oxidative stress and decreased redox-status of cells. A decrease in the ability of insulin to inhibit isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes that were isolated from adipose tissue of rats with experimental diabetes was found, which shows a disorder in regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes by the hormone in alloxan-induced diabetes. Based on these findings, we concluded that there is an influence of reactive oxygen species, superoxide anion radical in particular, and redox potential of the glutathione system on molecular mechanisms of change in lipolysis intensity in rat adipocytes in alloxan-induced oxidative stress. Activation of spontaneous lipolysis under conditions of oxidative stress might be a reason for the high concentration of free fatty acids in blood plasma in experimental diabetes, and this may play a significant role in development of insulin resistance and appearance of complications of diabetes.

[Biochemical characteristics associated with diabetes mellitus one year after myocardial infarction].

AIM: To evaluate the most informative parameters of adipokine, anti-inflammatory, and prothrombogenic status associated with diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 200 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in whom markers of adipokine status, grelin, anti-inflammatory factors, CRP and plasminogen activator inhibitor were measured by biochemical methods on days 1 and 12 after admission. RESULTS: In the period of acute MI, the adipokine status was disturbed, FFA and grelin levels decreased, pro-inflammatory and thrombotic potential increased. Patients who developed diabetes within 1 year after MI were characterized by more pronounced changes of the parameters of interest. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin, retinol-binding protein, grelin, TNF-α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor are the most informative biochemical parameters associated with diabetes mellitus developing 1 year after MI.

[Molecular mechanisms of modulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue and development of insulinresistance in diabetes].

Analysis of modern literature data as well as the results of personal research on development of oxidative stress in adipose tissue in diabetes is presented. Mechanisms of modulation of spontaneous and induced lipolysis in adipocytes in conditions of oxidative stress are discussed. Participation of adipose tissue in forming insulin resistance in types 1 and 2 diabetes is considered.

[Lipid, adipokine and ghrelin concentrations in myocardial infarction patients with insulin resistance].

AIM: The estimate insulin resistance in myocardial infarction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study involved 200 patients with myocardial infarction, in which on the 1st and 12th day of hospitalization measured glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (IR), lipid profile, the concentration of adipokines and ghrelin. RESULTS: IR was detected in 77% of patients and was associated with a history of factors of cardiovascular risk, adverse clinical course of the disease, lipid disorders. The most important marker was the level of free fatty acids. High risk associated with increased in 9 times the concentration of free fatty acids in blood plasma. Patients with IR observed increased concentrations of leptin, resistin, and reduced the protective effect of adiponectin. The high specificity and sensitivity characteristic of the concentration of ghrelin: its reduction by 4 times in the acute phase of myocardial infarction increases the risk of MI by 78%. CONCLUSIONS: Significant risk factors for MI myocardial infarction, along with insulinemia and glycemia, is to increase the concentration of free fatty acids and the disbalance in the system adipokines against deficiency of ghrelin in acute and early recovery periods of the disease. Free fatty acids and ghrelin are promising markers to stratify the risk of insulin myocardial infarction. resistance in patients with myocardial infarction.

[Insulin activity of blood serum of rabbits immunized with tick-borne encephalitis- and western-equine-encephalomyelitis viruses]. / Insulinnaia aktivnost' syvorotki krovi krolikov, immunizirovannykh virusami kleshchevogo entsefalita i zapadnogo entsefalomielita loshadei.

Administration of brain suspension of intact albino mice during the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after a single, double and prolonged (5-cycle) immunization of rabbits produced no significant changes in the functional condition of the insular apparatus. A single use in the capacity of an antigen of the brain tissue containing the tick-borne encephalitis or western horse encephalomyelitis viruses also led to no marked shifts in the blood serum insulin activity. In reimmunization with the virus-containing material the value analysed decreased on the 7th day in comparison with the 1st and the 3rd days after the antigenic stimulation. A suppression of the hormonal function of the insular apparatus of the pancreas during the 1st and the 7th days of study was noted after the hyperimmunization with the virus-containing brain suspensions.

[Metabolic features of the liver and spleen and antibody formation in animals following hyperimmunization with viral antigens]. / Nekotorye osobennosti obmena veshchestv v pecheni i selezenke i antiteloobrazovanie u zhivotnykh pri giperimmunizatsii virusnymi antigenami

Hyperimmunization with the tick encephalitis and Western horse encephalomyelitis viruses reproduced in the brain of albino mice, intensified the protein synthesis in the splenic tissue during the productive phase of the immunogenesis (the 7th day). An accumalation of protein, activation of aniuno-acyl-t-RNA-ligases, a reduction of the concehtration of some amino acids was noted, An analogous reaction was distinct in the tissue of the liver only when an intact brain suspension was used as an antigen. Formation of specific antibodies coursed more intensively after the administration of a more pathogenic virusof Western equine encephalomyelitis.

[Peculiarities of carbohydrate metabolism in rabbits following prolonged immunization with viral antigens]. / Osobennosti uglevodnogo obmena u krolikov posle dlitel'noi immunizatsii virusnymi antigenami

Prolonged, for a period of 5 cycles, immunization of rabbits with tick-borne encephalitis virus, reproduced in the brain of albino mice, caused diabetogenic reaction of the carbohydrate metabolism. It was expressed in hyperglycemia, reduction of hexokinase activity and of glycolysis of hepatic tissue and activation of phosphorylase, glycogenolysis and pentous way of carbohydrate transformation. Metabolic changes were accompanied by a reduction of insulin activity of the immunized rabbit serum. An analogous administration of a more pathogenic virus (of western equine encephalomyelitis) led to changes (equal in value) in the functional condition of the pancreas with much lesser shifts in the biochemical idices of the carbohydrate metabolism.

[Disturbance of immune characteristics of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract in bronchopulmonary diseases in children]. / Narusheniia nekotorykh pokazatelei immunnykh protsessov na slizistykh obolochkakh dykhatel'nykh putei pri bronkholegochnykh zabolevaniiakh u detei.

A total of 100 children with bronchopulmonary diseases were examined. Of these, in 80 bronchial asthma and in 20 children acute pneumonia were diagnosed. The deficiency of local cell mediated and humoral factors on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tracts was established. In the squamous and columnar epithelium cells an increased destruction and cytolysis was noted leading to disturbances in the integrity of the protective barrier of the epithelial cover. In addition, this study revealed the deficiency of neutrophilic leukocytes, pronounced local eosinophilia and the low level of humoral protective factors. In acute pneumonia an increase in the amount of neutrophilic leukocytes in the secretion of the nasal cavity together with the appearance of destructive processes in epithelial cells took place. Pronounced deficiency in serum IgA and IgG was accompanied by compensatory increase in secretory IgA.

[Effect of donor immunization with different influenza vaccines on the insulin level of the blood serum]. / Vliianie immunizatsii donorov razlichnymi grippoznymi vaktsinami na uroven' insulina syvorotki krovi.

Materials on the study of relationship between the activity of immunoreactive insulin and the degree of an increase in the level of anti-influenza antibodies, induced by vaccine strains, are presented. A short-term decrease in the activity of insulin, more pronounced in donors immunized with adsorbed chemical influenza vaccine, and an increase in the antibody level, mainly in the group of donors receiving killed influenza vaccine, have been noted.

[Non-enzymatic chain of the antioxidant system and oxidant resistance of low-density lipoproteins in metabolic syndrome]. / Nefementativnyoe zveno antioksidantnoi sistemy i okislitel'naia rezistentnost' lipoproteinov nizkoi plotnosti pri metabolicheskom sindrome.

The oxidant resistance of low-density lipoproteins was shown in patients with metabolic cardiovascular syndrome to be reduced versus healthy donors. A changing total antiradical activity of blood serum is an important factor for such reduction of the antioxidant resistance in the above pathology. The level of tocopherol in blood serum could be the most significant chain determining the mentioned activity in patients with metabolic cardiovascular syndrome.

[The effect of carotid endarterectomy on cognitive disturbances in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of carotid arteries].

Clinical and neuropsychological features of non-dementia cognitive disturbances were studied in 102 patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Cognitive disturbances were assessed after the carotid endarterectomy (CEAE). Mild cognitive impairment was found in 37 (36,3%) of patients, moderate cognitive impairment was diagnosed in 36 (35,3%)patients. Moderate cognitive impairment was found more often in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis with structural brain changes confirmed by neuroimaging data and with instable atherosclerotic plaques with the predomination of hypodensity component. It allows to suggest that both the reduction of perfusion and arterio-arterial microemboli may cause cognitive dysfunction in patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. The data on the positive effect of CEAE on cognitive functions have been obtained. The positive changes were more distinct in patients with asymptomatic course of carotid stenosis. However CEAE may have a negative effect on cognitive functions in patients with moderate cognitive impairment of dysmnestic character and symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Effect of insulin on NO production by monocytes from patients with metabolic cardiovascular syndrome.

Basal and insulin-induced production of NO by monocytes significantly increased in patients with metabolic cardiovascular syndrome. Plasma insulin concentration in these patients was below the control. No intergroup differences were found in C-peptide concentration. A negative correlation was revealed between insulin-induced NO production by monocytes and C-peptide/insulin ratio in patients. The role of monocytes on the regulation of vascular tone via NO production in patients with metabolic cardiovascular syndrome is discussed.

Oxygen-dependent processes in monocytes and metabolic risk factors for atherogenesis.

Oxygen-dependent processes in peripheral blood monocytes were intensified in patients with metabolic cardiovascular syndrome. This was manifested in increased production of O(2)(*-) and NO. Among metabolic factors (cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols, glucose, etc.), products of glycosylation (fructosamine) and plasma triacylglycerols were most potent in modulating generation of O(2)(*-) and NO by monocytes.