ABSTRACT
Universal school-based programs to reduce or prevent violent behavior are delivered to all children in classrooms in a grade or in a school. Similarly, programs targeted to schools in high-risk areas (defined by low socioeconomic status or high crime rates) are delivered to all children in a grade or school in those high-risk areas. During 2004-2006, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (Task Force) conducted a systematic review of published scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of these programs. The results of this review provide strong evidence that universal school-based programs decrease rates of violence and aggressive behavior among school-aged children. Program effects were demonstrated at all grade levels. An independent meta-analysis of school-based programs confirmed and supplemented these findings. On the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness, the Task Force recommends the use of universal school-based programs to prevent or reduce violent behavior.
Subject(s)
Program Evaluation , Schools , Social Behavior Disorders/prevention & control , Violence/prevention & control , Adolescent , Aggression , Child , Curriculum , Humans , School Health ServicesABSTRACT
Children and adolescents in the U.S. and worldwide are commonly exposed to traumatic events, yet practitioners treating these young people to reduce subsequent psychological harm may not be aware of-or use-interventions based on the best available evidence. This systematic review evaluated interventions commonly used to reduce psychological harm among children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide) criteria were used to assess study design and execution. Meta-analyses were conducted, stratifying by traumatic exposures. Evaluated interventions were conducted in high-income economies, published up to March 2007. Subjects in studies were Subject(s)
Program Evaluation
, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/prevention & control
, Stress, Psychological/etiology
, Stress, Psychological/therapy
, Wounds and Injuries/complications
, Adolescent
, Age Factors
, Art Therapy
, Behavior Therapy
, Child
, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
, Female
, Humans
, Male
, Play Therapy
, Program Development
, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy
, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy
, Stress, Psychological/prevention & control
, Wounds and Injuries/psychology
ABSTRACT
Universal, school-based programs, intended to prevent violent behavior, have been used at all grade levels from pre-kindergarten through high school. These programs may be targeted to schools in a high-risk area-defined by low socioeconomic status or high crime rate-and to selected grades as well. All children in those grades receive the programs in their own classrooms, not in special pull-out sessions. According to the criteria of the systematic review methods developed for the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide), there is strong evidence that universal, school-based programs decrease rates of violence among school-aged children and youth. Program effects were consistent at all grade levels. An independent, recently updated meta-analysis of school-based programs confirms and supplements the Community Guide findings.