DeepSCP: utilizing deep learning to boost single-cell proteome coverage.

Multiplexed single-cell proteomes (SCPs) quantification by mass spectrometry greatly improves the SCP coverage. However, it still suffers from a low number of protein identifications and there is much room to boost proteins identification by computational methods. In this study, we present a novel framework DeepSCP, utilizing deep learning to boost SCP coverage. DeepSCP constructs a series of features of peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs) by predicting the retention time based on the multiple SCP sample sets and fragment ion intensities based on deep learning, and predicts PSM labels with an optimized-ensemble learning model. Evaluation of DeepSCP on public and in-house SCP datasets showed superior performances compared with other state-of-the-art methods. DeepSCP identified more confident peptides and proteins by controlling q-value at 0.01 using target-decoy competition method. As a convenient and low-cost computing framework, DeepSCP will help boost single-cell proteome identification and facilitate the future development and application of single-cell proteomics.

Study on the susceptibility of bovine coronavirus to BALB/c mice.

There are no other bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infection models except calves, which makes efficacy evaluation of vaccines and pathogenic mechanism research of BCoV inconvenient owing to their high value and inconvenient operation. This study aimed to establish a mouse model of BCoV infection. BCoV was used to infect 4-week-old male BALB/c mice and the optimal infection conditions were screened, including the following infection routes: gavage, intraperitoneal injection, and tail vein injection at doses of 1 × 108 TCID50, 2 × 108 TCID50 and 4 × 108 TCID50. Using the optimal infection conditions, BALB/c mice were infected with BCoV, and their body weight, blood routine, inflammatory factors, autopsy, virus distribution, and viral load were measured at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after infection. The results showed that the optimal conditions for infecting BALB/c mice with BCoV HLJ-325 strain were continuous oral gavage for 3 days with a dose of 4 × 108 TCID50. On the 7th day after infection, there was significant extensive consolidation of the lungs and thinning of the colon wall. Significant inflammation was observed in various organs, especially in the colon and alveoli, where a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrate. Both BCoV Ag and nucleic acid are positive in visceral organs. The viral load in the colon and lungs was significantly higher than that in the other organs (p < 0.001). BCoV-infected mice showed a decreasing trend in body weight starting from day 5, and there was a significant difference compared to the control group on days 6 and 7 (p < 0.001). The total number of white blood cells and lymphocytes began to decrease and was significantly lower than that in the control group 24 h after infection (p < 0.001), and gradually returned to the control level. The cytokine TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 showed an increasing trend, significantly higher than the control group on day 5 and 7 (p < 0.001). These results indicate that the BCoV HLJ-325 strain can infect BALB/c mice and cause inflammatory reactions and tissue lesions. The most significant effect was observed on the seventh day after infection with a dose of 4 × 108 TCID50 and three consecutive gavages. This study established, for the first time, a BALB/c mouse model of BCoV infection, providing a technical means for evaluating the immune efficacy of BCoV vaccines and studying their pathogenic mechanisms.

Non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography for measuring split kidney function in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis: comparison with renal scintigraphy.

BACKGROUND: Split kidney function (SKF) is critical for treatment decision in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis and is commonly measured using renal scintigraphy (RS). Non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography (NCE-MRU) is increasingly used in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using NCE-MRU as an alternative to estimate SKF in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis, compared to RS. METHODS: Seventy-five pediatric patients with hydronephrosis were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent NCE-MRU and RS within 2 weeks. Kidney parenchyma volume (KPV) and texture analysis parameters were obtained from T2-weighted (T2WI) in NCE-MRU. The calculated split KPV (SKPV) percent and texture analysis parameters percent of left kidney were compared with the RS-determined SKF. RESULTS: SKPV showed a significant positive correlation with SKF (r = 0.88, p < 0.001), while inhomogeneity was negatively correlated with SKF (r = - 0.68, p < 0.001). The uncorrected and corrected prediction models of SKF were established using simple and multiple linear regression. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement of both predictive models. The residual sum of squares of the corrected prediction model was lower than that of the uncorrected model (0.283 vs. 0.314) but not statistically significant (p = 0.662). Subgroup analysis based on different MR machines showed correlation coefficients of 0.85, 0.95, and 0.94 between SKF and SKPV for three different scanners, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: NCE-MRU can be used as an alternative method for estimating SKF in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis when comparing with RS. Specifically, SKPV proves to be a simple and universally applicable indicator for predicting SKF.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Bsr-d1 enhances the blast resistance of rice in Northeast China.

KEY MESSAGE: The blast resistance allele of OsBsr-d1 does not exist in most japonica rice varieties of Jilin Province in China. The development of Bsr-d1 knockout mutants via CRISPR/Cas9 enhances broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast in Northeast China. Rice blast is a global disease that has a significant negative impact on rice yield and quality. Due to the complexity and variability of the physiological races of rice blast, controlling rice blast is challenging in agricultural production. Bsr-d1, a negative transcription factor that confers broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast, was identified in the indica rice cultivar Digu; however, its biological function in japonica rice varieties is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the blast resistance allele of Bsr-d1 in a total of 256 japonica rice varieties from Jilin Province in Northeast China and found that this allele was not present in these varieties. Therefore, we generated Bsr-d1 knockout mutants via the CRISPR/Cas9 system using the japonica rice variety Jigeng88 (JG88) as a recipient variety. Compared with those of the wild-type JG88, the homozygous Bsr-d1 mutant lines KO#1 and KO#2 showed enhanced leaf blast resistance at the seedling stage to several Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) races collected from Jilin Province in Northeast China. Physiological and biochemical indices revealed that the homozygous mutant lines produced more hydrogen peroxide than did JG88 plants when infected with M. oryzae. Comparative RNA-seq revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in the synthesis of amide compounds, zinc finger proteins, transmembrane transporters, etc. In summary, our results indicate that the development of Bsr-d1 knockout mutants through CRISPR/Cas9 can enhance the broad-spectrum resistance of rice in Northeast China to rice blast. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for disease resistance breeding involving the Bsr-d1 gene in Northeast China, but also provides new germplasm resources for disease-resistance rice breeding.

Fiber Bragg Grating Pulse and Systolic Blood Pressure Measurement System Based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometer.

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pulse and systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement system based on the edge-filtering method is proposed. The edge filter is the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) fabricated by two fiber couplers with a linear slope of 52.45 dBm/nm. The developed system consists of a broadband light source, an edge filter, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), a coarse wavelength-division multiplexer (CWDM), and signal-processing circuits based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). It can simultaneously measure pulse pulsations of the radial artery in the wrist at three positions: Cun, Guan and Chi. The SBP can be calculated based on the pulse transit time (PTT) principle. The measurement results compared to a standard blood pressure monitor showed the mean absolute error (MAE) and standard deviation (STD) of the SBP were 0.93 ± 3.13 mmHg. The system meets the requirements of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) equipment standards. The proposed system can achieve continuous real-time measurement of pulse and SBP and has the advantages of fast detection speed, stable performance, and no compression sensation for subjects. The system has important application value in the fields of human health monitoring and medical device development.

[Progress and prospects of safety assessment methods of medicinal and food homologous substances].

Food and medicinal substances(FAMS) with both edible and medicinal uses have a long history in China, being an important part of China's excellent traditional culture and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The legal management of FAMS is in the form of catalogue, which has a history of nearly 40 years. More than 100 substances have been included in the China's FAMS catalogue. According to the Regulation of Food and Medicinal Substances Catalogue, safety assessment is a basis for substances to be included in the catalogue. The safety assessment of FAMS should follow the principles and requirements of food safety risk assessment. However, FAMS is a complex mixture, and the nature and data adequacy of the assessed substance should be comprehensively considered. Different eva-luation models and methods should be selected according to the principle of case analysis. With the development of next-generation technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, high-throughput and high-content in vitro testing, and computational toxicology and the trend of increasing edible substances with medicinal effects applying for the inclusion in the China's FAMS catalogue, the methods of risk assessment are applied in the management of FAMS, novel food products, and local characteristic food products, playing a scientific role. This paper systematically reviews the methods, challenges, and prospects of safety assessment of FAMS.

High-sensitivity fiber optic temperature sensor based on CTFBG-FPI and Vernier effect.

A novel high-sensitivity temperature sensor based on a chirped thin-core fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot interferometer (CTFBG-FPI) and the Vernier effect is proposed and demonstrated. With femtosecond laser direct writing technology, two CTFBG-FPIs with different interferometric cavity lengths are inscribed inside a thin-core fiber to form a Vernier effect system. The two FPIs consist of two pairs of CTFBGs with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 66.5 nm staggered in parallel. The interferometric cavity lengths of the two FPIs were designed to be 2 mm and 1.98 mm as the reference arm and sensing arm of the sensor, respectively. The temperature sensitivity of this sensor was measured to be -1.084 nm/°C in a range of 40-90°C. This sensor is expected to play a crucial role in precision temperature measurement applications.

A study on the preoperative risk factors for primary healing failure in the reconstruction of deep sternal wound infection with platelet-rich plasma and negative pressure trauma therapy.

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a relatively complex wound in wound reconstruction surgery. Because plastic surgeons deal with DSWI patients late. The primary healing (healing by first intention) after reconstruction of DSWI is restricted by many preoperative risk factors. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyse the risk factors of primary healing failure in patients with DSWI treated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and negative pressure trauma therapy (NPWT). 115 DSWI patients treated with the PRP and NPWT (PRP + NPWT) modality were retrospectively (2013-2021) analysed. They were divided into two groups according to primary healing results after the first PRP + NPWT treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the data of the two groups to find out the risk factors and their optimal cut-off values were identified by ROC analysis. The primary healing results, debridement history, wound size, sinus, osteomyelitis, renal function, bacterial culture, albumin (ALB), platelet (PLT) between the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression showed that osteomyelitis, sinus, ALB and PLT were the risk factors affecting primary healing outcomes (P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that AUC for ALB in the non-primary healing group was 0.743 (95% CI: 0.650-0.836, P < 0.05) and its optimal cutoff value of 31 g/L was associated with primary healing failure with a sensitivity of 96.9% and specificity of 45.1%. AUC for PLT in the non-primary healing group was 0.670 (95% CI: 0.571 ~ 0.770, P < 0.05) its optimal cutoff value of 293 × 109 /L was associated with primary healing failure with a sensitivity of 72.5% and specificity of 56.3%. In the cases included in this study, the success rate of primary healing of DSWI treated with PRP + NPWT was not affected by the most common preoperative risk factors for wound non-union. It is indirectly confirmed that PRP + NPWT is an ideal treatment. However, it should be noted that it will still be adversely affected by sinus osteomyelitis, ALB and PLT. The patients need to be carefully evaluated and corrected before reconstruction.

Research progress in the role of non-coding RNAs and embryo implantation. / éžç¼–ç RNAåœ¨èƒšèƒŽç€åºŠä¸­ä½œç”¨çš„ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) refers to RNA that lack the ability to encode protein. Based on their distinct biological characteristics, ncRNA are mainly classified into microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). NcRNA plays a crucial regulatory role in various biological processes. Pregnancy is a highly intricate physiological process that requires successful completion of multiple steps. Embryo implantation, as a key event of pregnancy, which is regulated by numerous factors, including embryo development, endometrial changes, and the maternal-embryo crosstalk. A diverse array of regulatory mechanisms ensures the accomplishment of embryo localization, adhesion, invasion, and ultimately successful implantation. MiRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA are extensively studied ncRNA molecules at present, which play an important role in the physiological and pathological processes associated with embryo implantation through targeting and regulating the expression of multiple cytokine and genes. With advancements in molecular biology technology, it is anticipated that ncRNA will contribute to the prediction and enhancement of clinical pregnancy outcomes from a molecular perspective.

Purification Process and In Vitro and In Vivo Bioactivity Evaluation of Pectolinarin and Linarin from Cirsium japonicum.

Pectolinarin and linarin are two major flavone O-glycosides of Cirsium japonicum, which has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacological research on pectolinarin and linarin is meaningful and necessary. Here, a process for the purification of pectolinarin and linarin from C. japonicum was established using macroporous resin enrichment followed by prep-HPLC separation. The results show the purity of pectolinarin and linarin reached 97.39% and 96.65%, respectively. The in vitro bioactivities result shows the ORAC values of pectolinarin and linarin are 4543 and 1441 µmol TE/g, respectively, meanwhile their inhibition rate of BSA-MGO-derived AGEs is 63.58% and 19.31% at 2 mg/mL, which is 56.03% and 30.73% in the BSA-fructose system, respectively. The COX-2 inhibition rate at 50 µg/mL of linarin and pectolinarin reached 55.35% and 40.40%, respectively. Furthermore, the in vivo bioassay combining of histopathologic evaluation and biochemical analysis of liver glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum creatinine and TNF-α show pectolinarin can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver and kidney injury in mice. Metabolomics analysis shows that pectolinarin attenuates LPS-challenged liver and kidney stress through regulating the arachidonic acid metabolism and glutathione synthesis pathways. Collectively, our work presents a solid process for pectolinarin and linarin purification and has discovered a promising natural therapeutic agent-pectolinarin.

Fabrication of highly sensitive and reproducible 3D surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates through in situ cleaning and layer-by-layer assembly of Au@Ag nanocube monolayer film.

A highly sensitive and uniform three-dimensional (3D) surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate has been fabricated by in situ ultraviolet ozone cleaning and layer-by-layer self-assembly. The SERS properties and the structural changes of the substrates were systematically studied by adjusting the cleaning time upon the in situ and post cleaning strategy. Under the optimal cleaning condition, the cleaning technology could give rise to clean and optimal surfaces for SERS analysis, thus obtaining efficient plasmonic films populated with a large number of homogeneous 'hot-spots'. Then with the optimal monolayer film, the SERS performance derived from plasmon coupling in multilayers of the Au@Ag nanocubes substrates was explored. It demonstrated that the plasmon coupling between layers (out-of-plane) contributed much to the SERS intensity, leading a more superior SERS enhancement from the 3D SERS substrates than that from the conventional two-dimensional SERS substrates. Also the in situ cleaning 3D SERS substrates displayed a nice uniformity and excellent time stability. With this method, the optimized substrates were further used to detect prohibited pigments in drink with an excellent linear relationship between characteristic peak intensity and analytes concentration over wide concentration ranges. Our experimental results clearly show that the in situ cleaning 3D SERS substrates provide an ideal candidate for SERS applications in food safety.

Simplification of Carbon Bond Mechanism IV (CBM-IV) under Different Initial Conditions by Using Concentration Sensitivity Analysis.

Carbon Bond Mechanism IV (CBM-IV) is a widely used reaction mechanism in which VOCs are grouped according to the molecular structure. In the present study, we applied a sensitivity analysis on the CBM-IV mechanism to clarify the importance of each reaction under two different initial conditions (urban and low-NO scenarios). The reactions that exert minor influence on the reaction system are then screened out from the mechanism, so that a reduced version of the CBM-IV mechanism under specific initial conditions can be obtained. We found that in a typical urban condition, 11 reactions can be removed from the original CBM-IV mechanism, and the deviation is less than 5% between the results using the original CBM-IV mechanism and the reduced mechanism. Moreover, in a low-NO initial condition, two more reactions, both of which are nitrogen-associated reactions, can be screened out from the reaction mechanism, while the accuracy of the simulation is still maintained. It is estimated that the reduction of the CBM-IV mechanism can save 11-14% of the computing time in the calculation of the chemistry in a box model simulation.

Facile Synthesis of Monodisperse Silver Nanospheres in Aqueous Solution via Seed-Mediated Growth Coupled with Oxidative Etching.

Because of their perfect geometrical symmetry, spherical metal nanoparticles have attracted much attention for various applications, including fundamental studies and construction of plasmonic devices. In this work, monodisperse silver nanospheres (Ag NSs) in aqueous solution were directly prepared by a continuous process of seed-mediated growth followed by oxidative etching. Silver nanocubes (Ag NCs) were synthesized by a seed-mediated growth method and subsequently were transformed to Ag NSs by simple injection of Cu2+ to the freshly prepared Ag NCs solution. Not requiring any centrifugation steps at both growth and etching stages makes this procedure convenient and efficient. The etching process and morphology evolution of silver nanostructure were monitored by UV-vis spectromater, SEM, and XRD. Monodisperse Ag NSs with broadly tunable diameters (from 37 to 68 nm) have been successfully prepared. The optical property of Ag NSs has been studied and the experimental results show fairly good consistency with simulation results. Furthermore, these Ag NSs prepared by our approach could be constructed into ordered superlattice by self-assembly technique based on their high monodispersity and sphericity.

Molecularly imprinted ionic liquid magnetic microspheres for the rapid isolation of organochlorine pesticides in environmental water.

A new type of molecularly imprinted ionic liquid magnetic microspheres was synthesized by aqueous suspension polymerization, using 4,4'-dichlorobenzhydrol as a dummy template, and 1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and methacrylic acid as co-functional monomers. The results of morphology and magnetic property evaluation of the obtained microspheres demonstrated that it was monodispersed spherical, possessed a rough surface, and an outstanding magnetic properties. Binding experiments revealed that it had a substantial adsorption capacity and strong recognition ability to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aqueous solution. Then the microspheres were applied as an adsorbent of magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction for the selective recognition and rapid determination of OCPs in environmental water. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity of the three types of OCPs (dicofol, tetradifon, and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) was achieved in the range of 1.0-100 ng/mL (r ≥ 0.9994). The recoveries at three spiking levels ranged from 82.6 to 100.4% with the RSDs less than 6.9%.

Ionic liquid-modified magnetic polymeric microspheres as dispersive solid phase extraction adsorbent: a separation strategy applied to the screening of sulfamonomethoxine and sulfachloropyrazine from urine.

Ionic liquid-modified magnetic polymeric microspheres (ILMPM) were prepared based on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and ionic liquids (ILs) incorporated into a polymer. The composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating magnetometer, which indicated that ILMPM had a regularly spherical shape and strong magnetic property. The obtained ILMPM were successfully applied as a special adsorbent of magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (MDSPE) for the rapid extraction and isolation of sulfamonomethoxine sodium and sulfachloropyrazine sodium in urine. The factors that affected extraction efficiency, such as adsorption conditions, desorption conditions, washing and elution solvents, and pH of the sample solution, were optimized. Under the optimum condition, good linearity in the range of 0.005-2.0 µg g(-1) (r ≥ 0.9996) was obtained for the two sulfonamides (SAs); the average recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 86.9 to 102.1 %, with relative standard deviations of ≤4.3 %. The presented ILMPM-MDSPE method combined the advantages of ILs, MNPs, and MDSPE and therefore could be potentially applied for rapid screening of SAs in urine.

Feasibility and Reproducibility of T2 Mapping Compared with Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Solid Renal Masses.

Accurate prediction of renal mass subtypes, along with the WHO/ISUP grade and pathological T (pT) stage of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), is crucial for optimal decision making. Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility and reproducibility of motion-robust radial T2 mapping in differentiating lipid-poor angiomyolipoma (MFAML) from RCC and characterizing the WHO/ISUP grade and pT stage of ccRCC. Finally, 92 patients undergoing renal radial T2 mapping and ZOOMit DWI were recruited. The T2 values and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were analyzed. Correlation coefficients were calculated between ADC and T2 values. Notably, ccRCC exhibited higher T2 and ADC values than MFAML (p < 0.05). T2 values were lower in the higher WHO/ISUP grade and pT stage of ccRCC (all p < 0.05). ADC showed no significant difference for pT stage (p = 0.056). T2 values revealed a higher area under the curve (AUC) in evaluating the WHO/ISUP grade compared to ADC (0.936 vs. 0.817, p = 0.027). T2 values moderately positively correlated with ADC (r = 0.675, p < 0.001). In conclusion, quantitative motion-robust radial T2 mapping is feasible for characterizing solid renal masses and could provide additional value for multiparametric imaging in predicting WHO/ISUP grade and pT stage of ccRCC.

Bimetallic Ag/Au nanoclusters encapsulated in ZIF-8 framework: A novel strategy for ratiometric fluorescence detection of doxycycline in food.

This study successfully encapsulated the Ag+-doped Au nanoclusters (Ag/AuNCs) within the ZIF-8 framework to construct a novel Ag/AuNCs@ZIF-8 ratiometric fluorescent probe for the antibiotic doxycycline (DOX) detection. The incorporation of Ag+ contributed to the fluorescence enhancement of the nanoclusters through the "silver effect", consequently improving the stability of the developed bimetallic Ag/AuNCs. Furthermore, the encapsulation of bimetallic Ag/AuNCs within the ZIF-8 framework restricted their intramolecular vibrations, resulting in further amplification of fluorescence intensity at 595 nm. The ZIF-8 also sensitized the restoration of DOX green fluorescence at 515 nm. Within the concentration range of 0.001-20 µg mL-1, the ratio of fluorescence intensity (F515/F595) exhibited a favorable linearity for DOX concentration, with a detection limit of 36.8 ng mL-1. This ratiometric fluorescence approach had the promising potential for accurate and efficient quantitative detection of DOX residue in food and served as a valuable reference for rapid monitoring of food contaminants.

Incremental value of automatically segmented perirenal adipose tissue for pathological grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate preoperative prediction of the pathological grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is crucial for optimal treatment planning and patient outcomes. This study aims to develop and validate a deep-learning (DL) algorithm to automatically segment renal tumours, kidneys, and perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) from computed tomography (CT) images and extract radiomics features to predict the pathological grade of ccRCC. METHODS: In this cross-ethnic retrospective study, a total of 614 patients were divided into a training set (383 patients from the local hospital), an internal validation set (88 patients from the local hospital), and an external validation set (143 patients from the public dataset). A two-dimensional TransUNet-based DL model combined with the train-while-annotation method was trained for automatic volumetric segmentation of renal tumours, kidneys, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on images from two groups of datasets. PRAT was extracted using a dilation algorithm by calculating voxels of VAT surrounding the kidneys. Radiomics features were subsequently extracted from three regions of interest of CT images, adopting multiple filtering strategies. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for feature selection, and the support vector machine (SVM) for developing the pathological grading model. Ensemble learning was used for imbalanced data classification. Performance evaluation included the Dice coefficient for segmentation and metrics such as accuracy and area under curve (AUC) for classification. The WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading models were finally interpreted and visualized using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. RESULTS: For automatic segmentation, the mean Dice coefficient achieved 0.836 for renal tumours and 0.967 for VAT on the internal validation dataset. For WHO/ISUP grading, a model built with features of PRAT achieved a moderate AUC of 0.711 (95% CI, 0.604-0.802) in the internal validation set, coupled with a sensitivity of 0.400 and a specificity of 0.781. While model built with combination features of the renal tumour, kidney, and PRAT showed an AUC of 0.814 (95% CI, 0.717-0.889) in the internal validation set, with a sensitivity of 0.800 and a specificity of 0.753, significantly higher than the model built with features solely from tumour lesion (0.760; 95% CI, 0.657-0.845), with a sensitivity of 0.533 and a specificity of 0.767. CONCLUSION: Automated segmentation of kidneys and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) through TransUNet combined with a conventional image morphology processing algorithm offers a standardized approach to extract PRAT with high reproducibility. The radiomics features of PRAT and tumour lesions, along with machine learning, accurately predict the pathological grade of ccRCC and reveal the incremental significance of PRAT in this prediction.

Explore the Value of Multi-Parameter MRI in Non-Invasive Assessment of Prognostic Risk and Oxford Classification in Children with IgAN or IgAVN.

PURPOSE: To explore the Oxford classification and prognostic risk stratification of the non-invasive evaluation of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) or immunoglobulin A vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN) in children using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four children diagnosed with IgAN or IgAVN were included. Patients with 80-month risk scores >10% were categorized as the high-risk group, while others constituted the low-risk group. The T2* and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the renal cortex and medulla were measured. Clinical and pathological parameters were also assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the indicators associated with the high-risk group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn and the areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance variables for differentiating the high-risk group from the low-risk group. RESULTS: Only the T2*Cortex and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were independently reliable in both the univariate and multivariate analyses. The AUCs for differentiating the high-risk group from the low-risk group of T2*Cortex, MAP, and their combination model were 0.907, 0.881, and 0.947, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Multiparametric MRI parameters, especially T2* values, could be used as new biomarkers to provide a new dimension in chronic kidney disease-related research and could play an important role in the non-invasive prognosis of children with IgAN or IgAVN.

Body composition as a potential imaging biomarker for predicting the progression risk of chronic kidney disease.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether the body composition parameters can be employed as potential biomarkers for predicting the progression risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred sixteen patients diagnosed with CKD were included in this retrospective study. Patients with a greater than 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate or progression to end-stage kidney disease were in the high-risk group, otherwise, they were in a low-risk group. Body composition area, the index, and radiodensities in the Hounsfield unit (HU), which reflect the degree of X-ray absorption, were measured on abdominal CT images. Risk factors in body composition and clinical parameters of CKD were identified by Cox regression and utilized to construct the nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed using time receiver operating characteristics curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. RESULTS: There were 254 patients in low-risk group and 162 in high-risk group (268 males, 148 females, mean age: 55.89 years). Urea, diabetes, 24 h-urinary protein, mean arterial pressure, and subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity (SATd) were valuable indicators for predicting the high-risk group. The area under curve values for the nomogram of training/validation set at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 0.805/0.753, 0.784/0.783, and 0.846/0.754, respectively. For diabetic CKD patients, extra attention needs to be paid to visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio and renal sinus fat radiodensity. CONCLUSION: SATd was the most valuable noninvasive indicator of all body composition parameters for predicting high-risk populations with CKD. The nomogram we constructed has generalization with easily obtainable indicators, good performance, differentiation, and clinical practicability. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Radiodensity rather than an area of adipose tissue can be used as a new biomarker of prognosis for CKD patients, providing new insights into risk assessment, stratified management, and treatment for CKD patients. KEY POINTS: Obesity is an independent risk factor for the development and prognosis of CKD. Adipose tissue radiodensity is more valuable than fat area in prognosticating for kidney disease. Parameters that prognosticate in diabetic CKD patients are different from those in other CKD patients.