Childhood-Onset Non-Infectious Uveitis in the "Biologic Era". Results From Spanish Multicenter Multidisciplinary Real-World Clinical Settings.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize and describe clinical experience with childhood-onset non-infectious uveitis. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter retrospective multidisciplinary national web-based registry of 507 patients from 21 hospitals was analyzed. Cases were grouped as immune disease-associated (IMDu), idiopathic (IDIu) or ophthalmologically distinct. Characteristics of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated (non-HLA-B27-related) uveitis (JIAu), IDIu, and pars planitis (PP) were compared. RESULTS: IMDu (62.3%) and JIAu (51.9%) predominated in young females; and IDIu (22.7%) and PP (13.6%) in older children, without sex imbalance. Ocular complications occurred in 45.3% of cases (posterior synechiae [28%], cataracts [16%], band keratopathy [14%], ocular hypertension [11%] and cystoid macular edema [10%]) and were associated with synthetic (86%) and biologic (65%) disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use. Subgroups were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with different characteristics. JIAu was typically anterior (98%), insidious (75%), in ANA-positive (69%), young females (82%) with fewer complications (31%), better visual outcomes, and later use of uveitis-effective biologics. In contrast, IDIu was characteristically anterior (87%) or panuveitic (12.1%), with acute onset (60%) and more complications at onset (59%: synechiae [31%] and cataracts [9.6%]) and less DMARD use, while PP is intermediate, and was mostly bilateral (72.5%), persistent (86.5%) and chronic (86.8%), with more complications (70%; mainly posterior segment and cataracts at last visit), impaired visual acuity at onset, and greater systemic (81.2%), subtenon (29.1%) and intravitreal (10.1%) steroid use. CONCLUSION: Prognosis of childhood uveitis has improved in the "biologic era," particularly in JIAu. Early referral and DMARD therapy may reduce steroid use and improve outcomes, especially in PP and IDIu.

Determinants of adherence to hypoglycemic agents and medical visits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. / Determinantes de la adherencia a los hipoglucemiantes y a las visitas médicas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

AIM: To assess glycemic control in diabetic patients, to measure the impact on such control of adherence to hypoglycemic agents and to medical visits, and to explore factors that allow for predicting adherence. METHODS: Study of historical cohorts of diabetic patients. The proportion of patients who achieved the target HbA1c levels was estimated. Adherence was assessed using the Haynes-Sackett test. Change in HbA1c from the first to the last visit, adherence, and attendance to visits were analyzed according to comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factors, and treatments used. RESULTS: The study simple consisted of 639 patients (mean follow-up time, 11.1±11.2 months), of whom 66.6% achieved target HbA1c levels. Change in HbA1c from the first to the last visit was explained in 54.2% of patients by baseline HbA1c (P<0.001), in 13% by treatment adherence (P<0.001), and in 9.6% by visit adherence (P<0.001). Non-insulinization (P=0.011) and smoking cessation (P=0.032) predisposed to greater adherence. Insulinization (P=0.019) and lack of diabetes education (P=0.033) predisposed to visit non-compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in HbA1c is determined by baseline HbA1c, treatment adherence, and attendance to visits. Patients on insulin have poorer adherence and are more likely to miss the appointments, those who stop smoking adhere more to hypoglycemic agents, and those given therapeutic education are more likely to keep the appointments.

Determinantes de la adherencia a los hipoglucemiantes y a las visitas médicas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Determinants of adherence to hypoglycemic agents and medical visits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objetivo: Valorar el control glucémico de pacientes diabéticos, medir la influencia en este control de la adherencia a los hipoglucemiantes y a las visitas médicas, y explorar factores que permitan predecir esta adherencia. Métodos: Estudio de cohortes históricas de pacientes diabéticos. Se midió el porcentaje que alcanzó una HbA1c dentro del objetivo. Se valoró la adherencia mediante la pregunta de Haynes-Sacket. Se estudiaron el cambio en la HbA1c entre la primera y la última visita, la adherencia y la asistencia a las consultas en función de las comorbilidades, los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y los tratamientos utilizados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 639 pacientes (tiempo medio de seguimiento 11,1±11,2 meses). El 66,6% alcanzó una HbA1c dentro del objetivo. El cambio en la HbA1c entre la primera y última visita se explicó en un 54,2% por la HbA1c inicial (p<0,001), en un 13% por la adherencia terapéutica (p<0,001) y en un 9,6% por la adherencia a las citas (p<0,001). La no insulinización (p=0,011) y el cese del tabaco (p=0,032) predispusieron a una mayor adherencia. La insulinización (p=0,019) y la falta de educación terapéutica (p=0,033) predispusieron a no acudir a las visitas. Conclusiones: La mejora de la HbA1c está determinada por la HbA1c inicial, la adherencia terapéutica y la asistencia a las citas. Los insulinizados tienen peor adherencia y faltan más a la consulta, los que dejan de fumar se adhieren más a los hipoglucemiantes y los que reciben educación terapéutica acuden más a la consulta (AU)

Aim: To assess glycemic control in diabetic patients, to measure the impact on such control of adherence to hypoglycemic agents and to medical visits, and to explore factors that allow for predicting adherence. Methods: Study of historical cohorts of diabetic patients. The proportion of patients who achieved the target HbA1c levels was estimated. Adherence was assessed using the Haynes-Sackett test. Change in HbA1c from the first to the last visit, adherence, and attendance to visits were analyzed according to comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factors, and treatments used. Results: The study simple consisted of 639 patients (mean follow-up time, 11.1±11.2 months), of whom 66.6% achieved target HbA1c levels. Change in HbA1c from the first to the last visit was explained in 54.2% of patients by baseline HbA1c (P<0.001), in 13% by treatment adherence (P<0.001), and in 9.6% by visit adherence (P<0.001). Non-insulinization (P=0.011) and smoking cessation (P=0.032) predisposed to greater adherence. Insulinization (P=0.019) and lack of diabetes education (P=0.033) predisposed to visit non-compliance. Conclusions: Improvement in HbA1c is determined by baseline HbA1c, treatment adherence, and attendance to visits. Patients on insulin have poorer adherence and are more likely to miss the appointments, those who stop smoking adhere more to hypoglycemic agents, and those given therapeutic education are more likely to keep the appointments (AU)