Net contribution and predictive ability of the CUN-BAE body fatness index in relation to cardiometabolic conditions.

BACKGROUND: The CUN-BAE (Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body adiposity estimator) index is an anthropometric index based on age, sex and body mass index (BMI) for a refined prediction of body fatness in adults. CUN-BAE may help detect metabolically unhealthy individuals with otherwise normal weight according to BMI or waist circumference (WC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CUN-BAE, independent of its components (BMI, age and sex), was associated with cardiometabolic conditions including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS: The ENRICA study was based on a cross-sectional sample of non-institutionalized men and women representative of the adult Spanish population. Body weight, height, and WC were measured in all participants. The residual of CUN-BAE (rCUN-BAE), i.e. the part of the index not explained by its components, was calculated. The associations of CUN-BAE, rCUN-BAE, BMI and WC with hypertension, diabetes and MetS were analysed by multivariate logistic regression, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) was calculated. RESULTS: The sample included 12,122 individuals. rCUN-BAE was associated with hypertension (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.21) and MetS (OR 1.48, 1.37-1.60), but not with diabetes (OR 1.05, 0.94-1.16). In subjects with a BMI < 25 kg/m2, CUN-BAE was significantly associated with all three outcome variables. CUN-BAE was more strongly associated with the cardiometabolic conditions than BMI and WC and fit similar AICs. CONCLUSIONS: The CUN-BAE index for body fatness was positively associated with hypertension, diabetes and MetS in adults independent of BMI or WC. CUN-BAE may help to identify individuals with cardiometabolic conditions beyond BMI, but this needs to be confirmed in prospective settings.

[Municipal distribution and trend of the incidence of stomach cancer in the health area of León, Spain (1994-2008)]. / Tendencia y distribución municipal de la incidencia de cáncer de estómago en el área de salud de León (1994-2008).

BACKGROUND: Stomach cancer is common and has a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and trend of gastric cancer in the health area of León. METHODS: We designed an observational descriptive study that included patients enrolled in the Hospital Tumor Registry of the Centro Asistencial Universitario de León with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of the stomach (ICD 9-151, ICD10-C16) between 01/01/1994 and 12/31/2008 and resident in the health area of León. The population supplied by Spain's National Institute of Statistics was used as the denominator. The time trend was evaluated with a Poisson regression model. To study the spatial distribution, we estimated municipal relative risks (RR) smoothed by fitting the Besag, York and Mollié model and the posterior probability (PP) of RR>1 using bayesian methods. RESULTS: A total of 1680 cases were included. The average crude incidence rate was 40.0 new cases per 100,000 in men and 23.5 for women. The incidence decreased by 1.4% per year (men: 1.2%, women: 1.8%). The age adjusted rates (European standard population) decreased from 26.9 (1994-6) to 22.2 (2006-8) new cases per 100,000 population in men and from 13.3 to 9.5 in women. Three geographical areas showed a RR excess with a PP higher than 0.9. CONCLUSIONS: The observed rates are among the highest in Spain and their declining trend is lower than expected. Some municipalities had an excess risk.

Pigmentation phototype and prostate and breast cancer in a select Spanish population-A Mendelian randomization analysis in the MCC-Spain study.

INTRODUCTION: Phototype has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, and it is yet unknown if it is related to other hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast cancer or whether this association could be considered causal. METHODS: We examined the association between the phototype and breast and prostate cancers using a Mendelian randomization analysis. We studied 1,738 incident cases of breast cancer and another 817 cases of prostate cancer. To perform a Mendelian randomization analysis on the phototype-cancer relationship, a genetic pigmentation score was required that met the following criteria: (1) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with phototype in controls; (2) the genetic pigmentation score was not associated with confounders in the relationship between phototype and cancer, and (3) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with cancer only through its association with phototype. Once this genetic score is available, the association between genetic pigmentation score and cancer can be identified as the association between phototype and cancer. RESULTS: The association between the genetic pigmentation score and phototype in controls showed that a higher genetic pigmentation score was associated with fair skin, blond hair, blue eyes and the presence of freckles. Applying the Mendelian randomization analysis, we verified that there was no association between the genetic pigmentation score and cancers of the breast and prostate. CONCLUSIONS: Phototype is not associated with breast or prostate cancer.

Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence in a Healthcare Area.

The aim of this study was to identify trends in the incidence of lung cancer in the Leon Healthcare Area. All cases of cancer among residents of the Leon healthcare catchment area listed in the hospital-based tumor registry of the Centro Asistencial Universitario de Leon (CAULE) between 1996 and 2010 were included. Gross incidence rates over 3-year intervals were calculated and adjusted for the worldwide and European populations. A total of 2,491 cases were included. In men, incidence adjusted for the European population rose from 40.1 new cases per 100,000 population (1996-1998) to 61.8 (2005-2007), and then fell to 54.6 (2008-2010). In women, incidence tripled from 3.0 (1996-1998) to 9.2 new cases per 100,000 (2008-2010). Although lung cancer is an avoidable disease, it is a serious problem in the Leon Healthcare Area. Of particular concern is the rising incidence among women.

[Hospital incidence, trends and municipal distribution of prostate cancer in health area of León, Spain (1996-2010)]. / Incidencia hospitalaria, tendencia y distribución municipal del cáncer de próstata en el área de salud de León (1996-2010).

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent among men and yet its risk factors are little known. This article aims to determine the hospital incidence, trend and municipal distribution of PC in Health Area of León (HAL). METHODS: We included new cases of prostate cancer (ICD-9: 185, ICD-10: C61) enrolled in the Hospital Tumor Registry of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, between 1996 to 2010 with residence in HAL. We calculated crude triennial hospital incidences and adjusted at global and European population. As denominator we used the INE population data disaggregated by five-year age groups of residents in municipalities of the HAL. To analyze the spatial distribution, we estimated municipal relative risks (RR) smoothed by fitting the Besag, York and Mollié model and the posterior probability (PP) of RR >1 using Bayesian methods. RESULTS: 3,366 cases were included. Standardized rates at European population amounted of 30.3 (1996-98) to 119.0 (2008-2010) new cases per 100,000 men. The number of organ-confined cases were increased from 281 (1999-2001) to 999 (2008-2010). PSA determinations amounted from 30,985 (1999-2001) to 117 396 (2008-2010). CONCLUSIONS: A great increase was observed in the frequency of PC at the expense of organ-confined cases which correlate very well with PSA determinations performed in HAL. There were no differences of interest in the municipal distribution incidences.

[Municipal distribution and trend of the incidence of breast cancer in the health area of León, Spain (1996-2010)]. / Tendencia y distribución municipal de la incidencia de cáncer de mama en el área de salud de León (1996-2010).

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common amongst women. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and geographical distribution of breast cancer in the health area of León. METHODS: We designed an observational descriptive study that included women enrolled in the Hospital Tumor Registry of the Centro Asistencial Universitario in León with a diagnosis of breast malignant neoplasm (ICD-9: 174, ICD-10: 50) between 01/01/1996 and 31/12/2010 and resident in the health area of León. To study the spatial distribution, we estimated municipal relative risks (RR) smoothed by fitting the Besag, York and Mollié model and the posterior probability (PP) of RR > 1 using Bayesian methods. RESULTS: A total of 2379 cases were included. The number of new cases and the crude incidence rate have both increased in every triennium, from 72,7 (1996-1998) to 101,5 (2008-2010) per 100,000 women. The age adjusted rates per 100,000 women (European standard population) increased from 58,0 during the first triennium to 69,4 during the last one. An average annual increase of 1,3% was observed. Several municipalities from the health area of León showed risks higher than a 10%. The PP were higher than 0.9 only in the municipality of León. CONCLUSION: The observed rates are among the lowest in our country. Nevertheless, the number of cases and the incidence rates have increased progressively.

Valoración de la elección de tratamiento conservador en la enfermedad renal crónica / Assessment of the choice of conservative treatment in chronic kidney disease

Introducción: El tratamiento conservador es una opción de tratamiento en la enfermedad renal crónica. Esta elección es decisión del paciente y/o familia. Objetivo: Analizar el proceso de elección de tratamiento conservador, identificar el perfil de paciente que lo elige, su supervivencia y quien comunica la elección. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes que eligieron tratamiento conservador entre 2010-2017. Los datos se obtuvieron de los registros de enfermería en historia clínica. Se recogieron variables demográficas, supervivencia, Índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson, índice de Barthel y valores de los pacientes utilizando la herramienta Tarjetas de valores. Resultados: Se estudiaron 95 pacientes: 41,05% hombres, edad media 82,36±9 años, 27,37% institucionalizados. La familia comunicó la elección en el 62,11% de los casos. La media del filtrado glomerular al inicio de la información fue 11,53±2,73 ml/min, mediana del Charlson 8 (13-3), Barthel 55 (100-0) puntos. En el proceso de evidenciar valores, la tarjeta más elegida fue "personal sanitario responsable del tratamiento". La supervivencia media fue 496,19 días±553,8. Viven menos los hombres y los institucionalizados, sin diferencia significativa. El riesgo de muerte es mayor, al aumentar el Charlson y disminuir el filtrado glomerular (p=0,01). La familia comunicó la elección de seguir tratamiento conservador en el 62,11% de los casos. Conclusiones: El paciente que opta por tratamiento conservador es, una persona anciana, dependiente, con comorbilidades, supervivencia media en torno a 18 meses y en más de la mitad de los casos es la familia quien comunica la decisión de optar por ese tratamiento

Introduction: Conservative treatment is a treatment option in chronic kidney disease. The election of this treatment is determined by patient and / or the family. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the process of choosing conservative treatment, identify the patient profile, the patient' survival and who communicate the election. Material and Method: Observational, retrospective study. Patients who chose conservative treatment between 2010-2017 were included. The data were obtained from nursing records in clinical history. Demographic variables, survival, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Barthel Index and patient values were collected using the Values Cards tool. Resultados: The sample was 95 patients, 41.05% men, mean age 82.36±9 years, 27.37% institutionalized. The family reported the choice in 62.11% of the cases. The mean glomerular filtration rate at the beginning of the information was 11.53±2.73 ml/min, the median of Charlson index: 8 (13-3), median of Barthel index: 55 (100-0) points. In the process of contrasting values, the most chosen card was "health personnel responsible for treatment". The median survival was 496.19±553.8 days. Men and the institutionalized live less, without significant difference. The risk of death is greater, as the Charlson index increases and the glomerular filtration rate decreases (p=0.01). The family announced the election to continue conservative treatment in 62.11% of cases. Conclusions: Patients who opts for conservative treatment are elderly persons, dependents, with comorbidities, average survival of 18 months, and in more than half of the cases, the family is the one that communicates the decision to opt for that treatment

Tendencia de la incidencia de cáncer de pulmón en un Área de Salud / Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence in a Healthcare Area

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo conocer la tendencia de la incidencia del cáncer de pulmón en el Área de Salud de León. Fueron incluidos los casos de cáncer de pulmón del Registro Hospitalario de Tumores del Centro Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), entre 1996-2010, con residencia en el Área de Salud de León. Se calcularon las incidencias trienales brutas y ajustadas a población mundial y europea. Se incluyeron 2.491 casos. Las tasas estandarizadas a población europea en varones ascendieron de 40,1 (trienio 1996-1998) a 61,8 (trienio 2005-2007), descendiendo a 54,6 casos nuevos por 100.000 (trienio 2008-2010). En el caso de las mujeres las tasas se triplicaron de 3,0 (trienio 1996-1998) a 9,2 casos nuevos por 100.000 (trienio 2008-2010). El cáncer de pulmón, a pesar de ser evitable, es un problema grave en el área de salud de León, siendo preocupante el incremento de la incidencia en mujeres

The aim of this study was to identify trends in the incidence of lung cancer in the Leon Healthcare Area. All cases of cancer among residents of the Leon healthcare catchment area listed in the hospital-based tumor registry of the Centro Asistencial Universitario de Leon (CAULE) between 1996 and 2010 were included. Gross incidence rates over 3-year intervals were calculated and adjusted for the worldwide and European populations. A total of 2,491 cases were included. In men, incidence adjusted for the European population rose from 40.1 new cases per 100,000 population (1996-1998) to 61.8 (2005-2007), and then fell to 54.6 (2008-2010). In women, incidence tripled from 3.0 (1996-1998) to 9.2 new cases per 100,000 (2008-2010). Although lung cancer is an avoidable disease, it is a serious problem in the Leon Healthcare Area. Of particular concern is the rising incidence among women

Incidencia hospitalaria, tendencia y distribución municipal del cáncer de próstata en el área de salud de León (1996-2010) / Hospital incidence, trends and municipal distribution of prostate cáncer in health área of León, Spain (1996-2010)

El cáncer de próstata (CaP) es el de mayor incidencia entre los varones y sin embargo se conoce muy poco sobre sus factores de riesgo. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo conocer la incidencia hospitalaria, tendencia y distribución municipal del CaP en el área de salud de León (ASL). Métodos. Fueron incluidos los casos nuevos de cáncer de próstata (CIE-9: 185, CIE-10: C61) del registro hospitalario de tumores del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, entre 1996 y 2010 en sujetos con residencia en el ASL. Se calcularon las incidencias hospitalarias brutas trienales y ajustadas a población mundial y europea. Como denominador se utilizaron los datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística de población desagregada por grupos quinquenales de edad de residentes en municipios del ASL. Para el análisis de la distribución espacial se estimaron los riesgos relativos (RR) municipales suavizados mediante el ajuste del modelo de Besag, York y Mollié y sus probabilidades posteriores de que los RR fuesen > 1 (PP), utilizando métodos bayesianos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 3.366 casos. Las tasas estandarizadas con población europea ascendieron de 30,3 (1996-98) a 119,0 (2008-2010) casos nuevos por 100.000 hombres. El número de casos órgano-confinados pasó de 281 (1999-2001) a 999 (2008-2010). Las determinaciones de PSA ascendieron de 30.985 (1999-2001) a 117.396 (2008-2010). Conclusiones: Se observó un gran incremento de la frecuencia de CaP a expensas de los casos órgano-confinados, que correlacionan muy bien con las determinaciones de PSA llevadas a cabo en el ASL. No hubo diferencias de interés en la distribución municipal de las incidencias (AU)

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent among men and yet its risk factors are little known. This article aims to determine the hospital incidence, trend and municipal distribution of PC in Health Area of León (HAL). Methods: We included new cases of prostate cancer (ICD-9: 185, ICD-10: C61) enrolled in the Hospital Tumor Registry of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, between 1996 to 2010 with residence in HAL. We calculated crude triennial hospital incidences and adjusted at global and European population. As denominator we used the INE population data disaggregated by five-year age groups of residents in municipalities of the HAL. To analyze the spatial distribution, we estimated municipal relative risks (RR) smoothed by fitting the Besag, York and Mollié model and the posterior probability (PP) of RR > 1 using Bayesian methods. Results: 3,366 cases were included. Standardized rates at European population amounted of 30.3 (1996-98) to 119.0 (2008-2010) new cases per 100,000 men. The number of organ-confined cases were increased from 281 (1999-2001) to 999 (2008-2010). PSA determinations amounted from 30,985 (1999-2001) to 117 396 (2008-2010). Conclusions: A great increase was observed in the frequency of PC at the expense of organ-confined cases which correlate very well with PSA determinations performed in HAL. There were no differences of interest in the municipal distribution incidences (AU)

Efecto de la terapia asistida con animales en la calidad de personas con demencia. Una revisión sistemática / Effect of assisted therapy with animals in the quality of persons with dementia. A systematic review

Antecedentes. Los trastornos mentales, más concretamente las demencias, en España generan una gran re-percusión a nivel económico, social y sanitario. Sin embargo, actualmente no existe un tratamiento para evitar su aparición o revertir su progresión. Objetivo. Proporcionar información acerca de los efectos de la terapia asistida con animales en personas con demencia. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre la literatura existente, haciendo uso de las bases de datos Web of Science, Sco-pus y CINAHL. Resultados. De un total de 21 artículos, 5 fueron incluidos en este estudio. Se observó que la terapia asistida con animales obtuvo efectos positivos sobre la calidad de vida de estas personas. Discusión. La evidencia científica recogida en este trabajo muestra que existen aún muchos aspectos de este campo pendientes de investigar. Conclusiones. Los artículos examinados exponen la mejora en la calidad de vida que aporta en personas con demencia la terapia asistida con animales

Introduction. Mental disorders, more specifically the dementias, in Spain generate a great repercussion in economic, social and sanitary le-vel. However, currently there is no treatment to prevent its occurrence or to reverse its progression Objective. To provide information about the effects of animal assisted therapy in people with dementia. Methods. An exhaustive bibliographic search was made on the existing literature, using the Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL databases. Results. Of a total of 21 articles, 5 were included in this study. It was observed that assisted therapy with animals had positive effects on the quality of life of these people. Discussion. The scientific evidence gathered in this paper shows that the-re are still many aspects of this field that require investigation. Conclusions. The articles examined show the improvement in the quality of life that provides animal assisted therapy in people with dementia

Tendencia y distribución municipal de la incidencia de cáncer de mama en el área de salud de León (1996-2010) (AU) / Municipal distribution and trend of the incidence of breast cancer in the health area of León, Spain (1996-2010)

Fundamentos: El cáncer de mama es el más frecuente en las mujeres. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la incidencia y distribución geográfica del cáncer de mama invasivo en el área de salud de León (ASL). Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo en el que se incluyeron mujeres con diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna de mama (CIE-9:174, CIE-10:C50) del Registro Hospitalario de Tumores del Centro Asistencial Universitario de León, entre 1/1/1996 y 31/12/2010 y con residencia en el ASL. Para el análisis de la distribución espacial se estimaron los riesgos relativos (RR) municipales suavizados mediante el ajuste del modelo de Besag, York y Mollié y sus probabilidades posteriores de que los RR fuesen >1 (PP), utilizando métodos bayesianos. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 2.379 casos. El número de casos nuevos y las tasas de incidencia brutas en cada trienio fueron de 72,7 (1996-1998) a 101,5 (2008-2010) por 100.000 mujeres. Las tasas a población europea por 100.000 mujeres ascendieron de 58,0 en el primer trienio y a 69,4 en el último. Se observó un incremento anual promedio del 1,3 %. Varios municipios del ASL presentaron riesgos superiores al 10 %. Las PP solo fueron superiores a 0,9 en el municipio de León. Conclusiones: Las tasas observadas son de las más bajas de España. Sin embargo, el número de casos y las tasas de incidencia se incrementaron de manera mantenida en el periodo estudiado (AU)

Background: Breast cancer is the most common amongst women. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and geographical distribution of breast cancer in the health area of León. Methods: We designed an observational descriptive study that included women enrolled in the Hospital Tumor Registry of the Centro Asistencial Universitario in León with a diagnosis of breast malignant neoplasm (ICD-9:174, ICD-10:50) between 01/01/1996 and 31/12/2010 and resident in the health area of León. To study the spatial distribution, we estimated municipal relative risks (RR) smoothed by fitting the Besag, York and Mollié model and the posterior probability (PP) of RR > 1 using Bayesian methods. Results: A total of 2379 cases were included. The number of new cases and the crude incidence rate have both increased in every triennium, from 72,7 (1996-1998) to 101,5 (2008-2010) per 100,000 women. The age adjusted rates per 100,000 women (European standard population) increased from 58,0 during the first triennium to 69,4 during the last one. An average annual increase of 1,3 % was observed. Several municipalities from the health area of León showed risks higher than a 10 %. The PP were higher than 0.9 only in the municipality of León. Conclusion: The observed rates are among the lowest in our country. Nevertheless, the number of cases and the incidence rates have increased progressively (AU)

Tendencia y distribución municipal de la incidencia de cáncer de estómago en el área de salud de León (1994-2008) / Municipal distribution and trend of the incidence of stomach cancer in the health area of León, Spain (1994-2008)

Fundamento El cáncer de estómago es frecuente y de elevada mortalidad. El objeto del presente estudio fue analizar la incidencia y la evolución temporal del cáncer gástrico en el área de salud de León. Métodos Se diseñó un estudio observacional descriptivo en el que fueron incluidas las personas con diagnósticos de neoplasia maligna de estómago (CIE-9, 151, y CIE-10, C16) del Registro Hospitalario de Tumores del Centro Asistencial Universitario de León, entre 1/1/1994 y 31/12/2008 con residencia en el área de salud de León. Como denominador de población se utilizó la suministrada por el INE (censos y padrones). La tendencia temporal se evaluó con un modelo de regresión de Poisson. Para el análisis de la distribución espacial se estimaron los riesgos relativos (RR) municipales suavizados mediante el ajuste del modelo de Besag, York y Mollié y sus probabilidades posteriores (PP) de que los RR fuesen > 1 (PP), utilizando métodos bayesianos. Resultados Se incluyeron 1.680 casos. La tasa de incidencia bruta promedio fue de 40,0 casos nuevos por 100.000 en hombres y de 23,5 en mujeres. La incidencia disminuyó un 1,4% anualmente (hombres: 1,2%; mujeres: 1,8%). Las tasas estandarizadas con población europea descendieron de 26,9 (1994-1996) a 22,2 casos nuevos por 100.000 hombres (2006-2008) y de 13,3 a 9,5 en las mujeres. En 3 zonas geográficas los RR fueron más elevados y las PP superiores a 0,9.ConclusionesLas tasas observadas son de las más elevadas de España y su descenso inferior a lo esperado. Se observó exceso de riesgo en algunos municipios (AU)

Background: Stomach cancer is common and has a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and trend of gastric cancer in the health area of León. Methods: We designed an observational descriptive study that included patients enrolled in the Hospital Tumor Registry of the Centro Asistencial Universitario de León with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of the stomach (ICD 9-151, ICD10-C16) between 01/01/1994 and 12/31/2008 and resident in the health area of León. The population supplied by Spain’s National Institute of Statistics was used as the denominator. The time trend was evaluated with a Poisson regression model. To study the spatial distribution, we estimated municipal relative risks (RR) smoothed by fitting the Besag, York and Mollié model and the posterior probability (PP) of RR > 1 using bayesian methods. Results: A total of 1680 cases were included. The average crude incidence rate was 40.0 new cases per 100,000 in men and 23.5 for women. The incidence decreased by 1.4% per year (men:1.2%, women: 1.8%). The age adjusted rates (European standard population) decreased from26.9 (1994-6) to 22.2 (2006-8) new cases per 100,000 population in men and from 13.3 to 9.5in women. Three geographical areas showed a RR excess with a PP higher than 0.9.Conclusions: The observed rates are among the highest in Spain and their declining trend islower than expected. Some municipalities had an excess risk (AU)