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1.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 46(1): 1-11, 2018 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29417976

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between neuropsychological variables and serum cortisol levels as a measure of physiological stress in patients with fibromyalgia. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 60 women was intentionally selected: 30 with Fibromyalgia diagnosis and 30 with normal controls. Cortisol levels were determined using two blood samples (AM and PM) and a neuropsychological and emotional battery was applied with a standardized protocol in Colombian population to evaluate different cognitive domains. Comparative and correlational non-parametric analyzes were performed, a multiple regression analysis to determine influences between variables. RESULTS: Significant differences between the study groups in the neuropsychological variables (attention, memory, language, visual-constructive praxis and executive functions (EF), (p<0.05) were found, obtaining better scores in the control group. Significant correlations between the cortisol profile, with false acknowledgments of Rey auditory- verbal learning test, and with perseverative errors of the Wisconsin test were found. Multiple regression analysis predicts the influence of memory and EF variables on the cortisol profile in an 88.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that, in patients with FM, there are neuropsychological alterations, mainly in executive functioning (cognitive flexibility) and episodic memory (evocation and storage). Likewise, executive dysfunction is related to physiological stress reciprocally and in turn are conditioned by emotional alterations such as symptoms of depression, which supports the neurophysiological model that compromises the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the prefrontal cortex, rich in corticosteroid receptors.


Subject(s)
Fibromyalgia/blood , Fibromyalgia/complications , Hydrocortisone/blood , Mental Disorders/blood , Mental Disorders/etiology , Nervous System Diseases/blood , Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Middle Aged
2.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) ; 47(4): 229-236, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30286845

ABSTRACT

Currently, the age of onset for pubertal changes is decreasing, especially in girls, which may have an impact on psychosocial factors such as anxiety, self-esteem and body image. The aim of the present study is to compare these variables in two groups: a group of 15 girls with precocious puberty and a group of 16 girls of the same age without precocious puberty. A non-experimental descriptive design was used and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to measure variables. Significant differences were found in Anxiety and Body Image levels between groups, but there were no differences in Self-Esteem levels. In conclusion, the findings show girls with early onset pubertal changes present high anxiety levels and negative body image compared to girls who start pubertal changes at the normal time.


Subject(s)
Anxiety/epidemiology , Body Image/psychology , Puberty, Precocious/psychology , Self Concept , Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; Rev. latinoam. psicol;51(2): 176-195, May-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1094036

ABSTRACT

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio es validar un segundo grupo de imágenes del Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectiva (IAPS) en población colombiana, con el fin de aumentar el banco de imágenes que puedan ser utilizadas en investigaciones en los campos de la emoción, la atención y la memoria, entre otros. Se validaron 240 imágenes pertenecientes a los conjuntos 15, 16, 17 y 18 del IAPS en una muestra de 1.222 personas provenientes de cinco ciudades del país (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla y Bucaramanga). Para evaluar la respuesta emocional ante las imágenes en las dimensiones de valencia, arousal y dominancia se utilizó el Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). Los resultados mostraron que las imágenes se distribuyeron de la forma esperada en el espacio afectivo bidimensional compuesto por las dimensiones de valencia y arousal. Se identificó un sesgo emocional positivo en los hombres y un sesgo emocional negativo en las mujeres. Las diferencias entre regiones y estrato socioeconómico se presentaron únicamente en arousal y dominancia, no en valencia. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que estas imágenes pueden ser utilizadas para inducir estados afectivos en la población colombiana de forma controlada, lo que permite su uso para el estudio científico y experimental de diferentes procesos psicológicos, como la emoción, la motivación y la atención.


Abstract The aim of this study was to validate a second group of images of the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS) in Colombian population, in order to increase the bank of images that can be used in research in the fields of emotion, attention and memory, among others. 240 pictures belonging to sets 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the IAPS were validated in a sample of 1222 participants from five cities in the country (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla and Bucaramanga). To assess the emotional response to images in the valence, arousal and dominance dimensions, the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) was used. The results showed that the pictures were distributed as expected in the two-dimensional affective space composed of the valence and arousal dimensions. A positive emotional bias was identified in men and a negative emotional bias in women. The differences between regions and socioeconomic strata were presented only in arousal and dominance, not in valence. Together, the results suggest that these images can be used to induce affective states in the Colombian population in a controlled manner, which allows their use for the scientific and experimental study of different psychological processes, such as emotion, motivation and attention.


Subject(s)
Validation Study , Motivation , Attention , Colombia , Emotions
4.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 47(4): 229-236, oct.-dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-978327

ABSTRACT

resumen Actualmente se está produciendo una disminución de la edad de inicio de los cambios puberales, particularmente en las niñas, lo cual puede incidir en variables como ansiedad, autoestima e imagen corporal. El objetivo es establecer una comparación de estas variables en 2 grupos: uno de 15 niñas diagnosticadas de pubertad precoz y otro grupo de 16 niñas sin ese diagnóstico. Se realizó un diseño descriptivo no experimental, y para la medición de variables se utilizaron el State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) y el Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en los niveles de ansiedad y de imagen corporal, pero no en los de autoestima. A través de los hallazgos obtenidos, se evidencia que las niñas que inician los cambios puberales de manera precoz sufren altos niveles de ansiedad y tienen una imagen corporal de sí mismas más negativa que las niñas que inician los cambios puberales en el momento normativo.


abstract Currently, the age of onset for pubertal changes is decreasing, especially in girls, which may have an impact on psychosocial factors such as anxiety, self-esteem and body image. The aim of the present study is to compare these variables in two groups: a group of 15 girls with precocious puberty and a group of 16 girls of the same age without precocious puberty. A non-experimental descriptive design was used and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to measure variables. Significant differences were found in Anxiety and Body Image levels between groups, but there were no differences in Self-Esteem levels. In conclusion, the findings show girls with early onset pubertal changes present high anxiety levels and negative body image compared to girls who start pubertal changes at the normal time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Puberty, Precocious , Women , Psychology , Self Concept , Body Image , Body Dissatisfaction
5.
Salud UNINORTE ; 33(3): 285-295, sep.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-903652

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: La fibromialgia (FM) es un síndrome de dolor crónico generalizado, asociado a alteraciones emocionales y comportamentales. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los síntomas afectivo-conductuales y las estrategias cognitivas de afrontamiento en la percepción de dolor de pacientes con FM. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, con análisis de casos y controles, con una muestra de dos grupos de mujeres, en la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia): 34 con diagnóstico de FM y 30 controles, a quienes se les realizó evaluación de síntomas psicológicos y de percepción de dolor. Resultados: Los pacientes con FM presentan significativamente mayores síntomas afectivo-conductuales (ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, somatización y disfunción social) que los sujetos controles (p<0.001), así como una tendencia a utilizar la retirada social como estrategia de afrontamiento (p<0.005). De acuerdo con el análisis factorial, la percepción de dolor y los síntomas afectivo-conductuales en pacientes con FM se agruparon en un mismo factor, lo cual demostró interdependencia de las variables. Conclusiones: Los síntomas afectivo-conductuales se asocian a la percepción de dolor y se relacionan con la utilización de estrategias pasivas y centradas en la emoción como mecanismo para afrontar la experiencia de dolor.


Abstract Objective: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome of chronic widespread pain associated with emotional and behavioral disorders. The purpose of the study was to identify the affective -behavioral symptoms and cognitive coping strategies involved in the perception of pain in patients with FM. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, with analysis of cases and controls, with a sample of two groups of women, in the city of Barranquilla (Colombia). Affective - behavioral symptoms and cognitive coping strategies were assessed in 34 patients with FM and 30 controls matched by age and educational level. Results: Our findings indicate greater affective and behavioral symptoms in patients with FM (anxiety, depression, insomnia, somatization and social dysfunction) (p<0.001) and a tendency to use social withdrawal as a coping strategy (p<0.005). According to factor analysis, pain perception and affective-behavioral symptoms were grouped in a single factor, demonstrating interdependence between variables. Conclusions: The affective-behavioral symptoms are associated with perception of pain and are relate to the use of passive strategies, and focused on emotion as a mechanism to confront the experience of pain.

6.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 42(4): 391-398, oct.-dic. 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-159798

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y Objetivo. El impacto psicológico de la hospitalización en los pacientes ingresados en larga estancia es variable y se muestra en respuesta al estrés y en el desempeño del rol de enfermo del paciente hospitalizado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue detectar las principales alteraciones psicológicas que sufren estos pacientes, y diseñar un protocolo para su manejo. Material y Método. Empleamos instrumentos como el Inventario de ansiedad, el Inventario de depresión rasgo-estado y el Cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento Sandin y Chorot. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo, guiado por el paradigma empírico analítico, corte cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, con una población total de 50 pacientes y una muestra de 15, muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo intencional, teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión propios de la investigación. Resultados. Entre los aspectos más relevantes encontrados marcados estados depresivos, ansiedad rasgo, baja expresión emocional abierta, y alta reevaluación positiva, que es de vital importancia, para el manejo de estos pacientes con larga estancia hospitalaria. Conclusiones. Según los datos de nuestro estudio, la larga estancia hospitalaria se relaciona generalmente con el desprendimiento del individuo de su medio natural, que puede generarle estados de tristeza, ansiedad y desencadenar efectos negativos como la baja expresión emocional. Estas características pueden servir de guía a los profesionales de la salud, por lo que presentamos un diseño de protocolo de manejo efectivo que ayude al paciente a afrontar mejor las dificultades que se le presentan en el ámbito hospitalario (AU)


Background and Objectives. The psychological impact of hospitalization on patients admitted for a long period is variable and it´s shown as an answer to stress and on how ill the hospitalized patient is. The objective of this investigation was to determine the main psychological disturbances and to design a protocol to know how to handle long-stay patients at the hospital. Patients and Method. In this investigation were applied tools such as the Anxiety inventory, Characteristic-status depression inventory and Sandin &Chorot strategies of confrontation test. We conduct a descriptive type study, guided by the annalistic empiric paradigm, quantity cut, non-experimental design, with a population of 50 patients and a sample of 15, non-probabilistic sample, intentional type, inclusion and exclusion criteria from the investigation were taken into account. Results. Among the most relevant aspects found, were discovered prominent depressive status, anxiety, low opened emotional expression, high positive reevaluation, which is very relevant to handle all long-stay patients at the hospital. Conclusions. Long-stay hospitalization is normally connected to the individual´s detachment of its natural environment, which can generate on patient states of sadness, anxiety and to trigger negative effects such as low emotional expression. These characteristics can be useful as a guide for health professionals, and we so, we design a model of more effective protocol, which would help the patient to face, in a better way, all the difficulties presented in the hospital field (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Bereavement , Depression/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
7.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 46(1): 1-11, ene.-feb. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-172492

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Describir la relación entre variables neuropsicológicas y niveles de cortisol sérico; como una medida de estrés fisiológico; en pacientes con fibromialgia. Metodología. Se seleccionó intencionalmente una muestra de 60 mujeres: 30 con diagnóstico de Fibromialgia y 30 controles normales. Se determinaron los niveles de cortisol mediante dos muestras de sangre (AM y PM) y se realizó una batería neuropsicológica y emocional, con un protocolo estandarizado en población colombiana para evaluar diferentes dominios cognitivos. Se hicieron análisis comparativo y correlacional no paramétrico, un análisis de regresión múltiple para determinar influencias entre las variables. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de estudio en las variables neuropsicológicas (atención, memoria, lenguaje, praxis viso-constructiva y funciones ejecutivas (FE), (p<0,05), obteniendo mejores puntajes el grupo control. Se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre el perfil de cortisol, con falsos reconocimientos del test de aprendizaje auditivo verbal de Rey y con errores perseverativos del test de Wisconsin. El análisis de regresión múltiple predice la influencia de las variables de memoria y FE en el perfil de cortisol en un 88,7%. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos demuestran que, en pacientes con FM, existen alteraciones neuropsicológicas, principalmente en funcionamiento ejecutivo (flexibilidad cognitiva) y memoria episódica (evocación y almacenamiento). Igualmente, la disfunción ejecutiva está relacionada con el estrés fisiológico de manera recíproca y a su vez son condicionadas por alteraciones emocionales como síntomas de depresión, lo cual soporta el modelo neurofisiológico que compromete el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal y la corteza pre-frontal, rica en receptores de córticoesteroides (AU)


Objective. To describe the relationship between neuro-psychological variables and serum cortisol levels as a measure of physiological stress in patients with fibromyalgia. Methodology. A sample of 60 women was intentionally selected: 30 with Fibromyalgia diagnosis and 30 with normal controls. Cortisol levels were determined using two blood samples (AM and PM) and a neuropsychological and emotional battery was applied with a standardized protocol in Colombian population to evaluate different cognitive domains. Comparative and correlational non-parametric analyzes were performed, a multiple regression analysis to determine influences between variables. Results. Significant differences between the study groups in the neuropsychological variables (attention, memory, language, visual-constructive praxis and executive functions (EF), (p<0.05) were found, obtaining better scores in the control group. Significant correlations between the cortisol profile, with false acknowledgments of Rey auditory-verbal learning test, and with perseverative errors of the Wisconsin test were found. Multiple regression analysis predicts the influence of memory and EF variables on the cortisol profile in an 88.7%. Conclusions. The findings show that, in patients with FM, there are neuropsychological alterations, mainly in executive functioning (cognitive flexibility) and episodic memory (evocation and storage). Likewise, executive dysfunction is related to physiological stress reciprocally and in turn are conditioned by emotional alterations such as symptoms of depression, which supports the neurophysiological model that compromises the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the prefrontal cortex, rich in corticosteroid receptors (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Hydrocortisone/blood , Fibromyalgia/diagnosis , Stress, Physiological , Case-Control Studies , Fibromyalgia/psychology , Fibromyalgia/metabolism , Neuropsychology/methods , Regression Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Neuropsychological Tests
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