ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are limited data on whether HIV-infected children in resource-limited countries who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) are able to produce sustained, protective levels of measles antibody after multiple measles vaccinations. METHODS: We administered an additional measles vaccine to HIV-infected children 15 months to 12 years of age receiving ART in Nairobi, Kenya. Measles antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at enrollment, 1 month, 12 months and 24 months post revaccination. RESULTS: At enrollment, 125 (54%) of 232 study participants had protective concentrations of measles antibody. Measles seropositivity increased to 98% of all children at 1 month post revaccination but decreased to 71% at 12 months and 60% at 24 months post revaccination. Measles seroconversion and sustained measles seropositivity among those who were measles seronegative at enrollment was 25% at 24 months post revaccination. In this group, 39% of children with <50 copies/mL plasma HIV RNA measles seroconverted compared to 4% of children with plasma HIV RNA ≥1000 copies/mL (P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Measles revaccination can result in a sustained antibody response in a subset of HIV-infected children receiving ART, especially among those with HIV suppression.