ABSTRACT
Anthelmintic resistance was explored by fecal egg count reduction test in a sheep flock from the French Pyrenees at the request of the veterinary practitioner after a poor response to anthelmintics was noted. The FECRT confirmed the suspicion with a mean percentage of reduction in egg excretions of 45% (CI 95%: - 40 to 78.5) and 0% (CI95%: - 162 to 49) within the ivermectin and the benzimidazole groups respectively. Haemonchus contortus was shown to be the IVM and BZ resistant species after morphological and molecular characterizations whereas Teladorsagia circumcincta was probably resistant to BZ only. The H. contortus population was still susceptible to moxidectin, closantel and levamisole. As this sheep flock is a transhumant flock, the spread of this multiple-resistant Haemonchus contortus population to the other sheep flocks sharing the same pastures in Pyrenean Mountains is highly likely. From the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report of multi-resistance to ivermectin and benzimidazole of a Haemonchus contortus population in mainland France.
Subject(s)
Anthelmintics/pharmacology , Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Haemonchus/drug effects , Ivermectin/pharmacology , Animals , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use , Farms , Female , France , Haemonchiasis/drug therapy , Ivermectin/therapeutic use , Livestock/parasitology , Parasite Egg Count , Risk Factors , Sheep/parasitology , Sheep Diseases/drug therapy , Sheep Diseases/parasitologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is often responsible for graft rejection and leads to delayed graft function of cadaveric kidneys. We have shown that adding polyethylene glycol (PEG 20M) to the preservation solutions helps protect isolated perfused pig kidneys against cold ischemia and reperfusion injury. METHODS: We compared the effects of adding PEG to a simplified high-K+ perfusion solution of cold-stored kidneys to Euro-Collins or University of Wisconsin solutions on the function of reperfused autotransplanted pig kidneys. The left kidney was cold-flushed with the preservation solutions and stored for 48 hr at 4 degrees C before reimplantation. Creatinine clearance and fractional excretion of sodium were analyzed 2 days before surgery and over 7 days after transplantation. Histological sections were obtained 40 min after reperfusion and on day 7 after surgery. RESULTS: Adding PEG to the perfusate significantly reduced IRI from autotransplanted pig kidneys. Creatinine clearance was significantly higher and fractional excretion of sodium was significantly lower in pigs transplanted with kidneys cold-flushed with PEG-supplemented perfusate than in those flushed with Euro-Collins or University of Wisconsin solutions. PEG supplementation also better preserved the integrity of kidney cells and markedly reduced interstitial cell infiltrates. CONCLUSION: PEG protects against IRI and reduces early cellular inflammation. PEG may impair the recruitment and migration of leukocytes into retransplanted pig kidneys. Cold preservation of donor organs with PEG-supplemented solutions may therefore help limit IRI in human renal transplantation.
Subject(s)
Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Animals , Graft Survival/drug effects , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/physiology , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Organ Preservation Solutions/chemistry , Swine , Transplantation, AutologousABSTRACT
Duplications of the alimentary tract are rare congenital anomalies and vermiform appendix duplication is exceptional. The aim of this study was to report a case of cystic appendiceal duplication in a 4 years old child, unusual in its anatomic type, its clinical presentation and its way of management.