Problems and prospects of investigating monocyte subsets during the development of inflammation-associated diseases.

In this review, we present information about a heterogeneity of monocyte subsets based on their unique functional and phenotypic properties. Here we also discuss the search of an optimal technique for the isolation of monocyte subsets as well as the origin of monocyte subsets and their role in inflammation.

[OPTIMIZATION OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN NEWBORNS IN CRITICAL CONDITION].

UNLABELLED: Current diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most pressing problems in the newborn in critical condition. OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of indicators of renal blood flow as a marker of acute kidney injury in critically ill newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 40 infants in critical condition. A clinical assessment of severity of the condition during admission was carried out with Neonatal Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (NEOMOD) and Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (NTISS). All patients underwent evaluation of clinical and instrumental parameters, including ultrasound of the renal vessels, renal vascular resistance index and speed performance. CONCLUSIONS: 1) biochemical markers used in routine clinical practice were not sufficiently informative for the diagnosis of AKI. 2) For a more accurate assessment of the risk of AKI using serum creatinine, GFR calculation and evaluation on a scale RIFLE it is should be focused on performance standards, appropriate for gestational age and birth weight. 3) Evaluation of blood flow at a particular index in the resistance of the main renal arteries had the greatest predictive value and had a relatively high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of AKI.

[Differential choice of intensive care in abdominal sepsis]. / Differentsirovannyi vybor intensivnoi terapii abdominal'nogo sepsisa.

The purpose of the case study was substantiation of a differential intensive care in abdominal sepsis with respect to its clinical-and-pathogenetic variations. Retro- and prospective clinical-and-biochemical parameters were investigated in 60 patients with disseminated peritonitis and abdominal sepsis. The patients were shared between 3 groups with respect to their clinical-and-laboratory findings. Clinical-and-pathogenetic types were defined for the clinical course of abdominal sepsis (AS). It was found as necessary to add enteral detoxication to the combined intensive care scheme in type 1 AS. A single-stage intravenous perftoran infusion plus enteral detoxication are required in type 2 AS. And in type 3 AS, the therapeutic scheme should be expanded through intravenous infusion of perftoran with subsequent enteral detoxication.

Perioperative Dynamics of TLR2, TLR4, and TREM-1 Expression in Monocyte Subpopulations in the Setting of On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.

Hypercytokinemia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Monocytes are the main source of cytokines in the early inflammatory phase. Simultaneous stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) activating receptor on monocytes results in the amplification of the inflammatory signal and multiple increase in proinflammatory cytokine production. The dynamics of those receptors expression on monocyte surface of patients with uncomplicated SIRS course followed coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) was studied. The increase in TLR2 and TREM-1 expression on the first day after CABG induces proinflammatory and amplification potentials of monocytes in that period. The decrease in TLR2 surface expression on the seventh day compared to the preoperative values can be regarded as a mechanism limiting inflammatory response. The highest level of TLR2, TLR4, and TREM-1 surface expression was observed in CD14(hi)CD16(+) monocyte subpopulation, confirming its proinflammatory profile.

sTREM-1 as a Prognostic Marker of Postoperative Complications in Cardiac Surgery.

Cell-activating receptor TREM-1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1) regulates congenital immune response and contributes to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) development. It is able to multiply cytokine production while stimulated together with the main receptors of the congenital immune system. The purpose of the paper is to study the potential use of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) as a marker of intensive SIRS and a criterion for postoperative complications prediction following on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Results show that early postoperative sTREM-1 concentrations demonstrate their potential prognostic value regarding SIRS-associated complications.