Activation pattern masticatory muscles in dysphonics woman.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the pattern of activation of the masticatory muscles in dysphonic women. METHODS: Seventeen women was divided into two groups: experimental group with 10 dysphonic women (33.6 +/- 8.0) and control group with 7 healthy women (25 +/- 5,19). The Electromyography exam of the left (LM) and right (RM) masseter muscles, anterior portion of the right (RT) and left (LT) temporal, and suprahyoid (SH) was performed by using electrodes of simple distinguishing surface. RESULTS: With the mandible postural position at rest, all the muscles presented increased electromyography activity compared to the control group (p < 0.05). As for the mandible elevator muscles, the RM experimental group presented significantly decreased electromyography activity (p < 0, 05) and the SH increased (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. For the rest of the muscles, there was no significantly difference between the groups. It was verified that the experimental group presented higher co-contraction of the mandible depressed muscles in relation to contraction of the RT LT, RM and LM, as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dysphonic women present alteration of the activation patterns of the masticatory muscles.

Rat hindlimb joint immobilization with acrylic resin orthoses.

The objective of the present study was to propose an orthosis of light material that would be functional for the animal and that would maintain only the ankle joint immobilized. Male Wistar rats (3 to 4 months old, 250-300 g) were divided into 2 groups (N = 6): control and immobilized for 7 days. Rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg weight) and the left hindlimb was immobilized with the orthoses composed of acrylic resin model, abdominal belt and lateral supports. The following analyses were performed: glycogen content of the soleus, extensor digitorum longus, white gastrocnemius, red gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles by the phenol sulfuric method, and the weight, fiber area and intramuscular connective tissue of the soleus by the planimetric system. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student t and Wilcoxon tests. Immobilization decreased glycogen in all muscles (P < 0.05; soleus: 31.6%, white gastrocnemius: 56.6%, red gastrocnemius: 39%, extensor digitorum longus: 41.7%, tibialis anterior: 45.2%) in addition to reducing soleus weight by 34% (P < 0.05). Furthermore, immobilization promoted reduction of the fiber area (43%, P < 0.05) and increased the connective tissue (200%, P < 0.05). The orthosis model was efficient comparing with another alternative immobilization model, like plaster casts, in promoting skeletal muscle alterations, indicating that it could be used as a new model in other studies related to muscle disuse.

Proposal for electrical insulation of the electromyographic signal acquisition module.

The aim was to analyze the inteiference in a signal acquisition module (SAM) EMG1000 (Lynx--10(9) Ohms, 16 bits and range of +/-1 V), with active surface electrode (Lynx--gain 20, IRMC > 100 dB) placed over the belly of the brachial biceps of 18 healthy, sedentary volunteers, without osteomyoarticular pathologies in the upper members. Initially, the intrinsic noise of the SAM was assessed by means of a short-circuit between the simple differential and the reference electrodes, and a second stage consisted of collecting the electromyographic signal at rest of the brachial biceps muscle in 4 different procedures. (1) SAM and desktop in the electrical network (EN); (2) SAM in the battery and desktop in the EN; (3) SAM in the EN and desktop connected to the fibre optic (FO) and (4) SAM in the battery and desktop in the FO. The rest signal was collected for 10 seconds and repeated 3 times. RMS and median frequency were assessed with the software Matlab. Under conditions 1, 2 and 3 there was great interference in the signal by EN. Whereas under condition 4, the interference was eliminated. According to the results, the electrical insulation proposed was efficient in eliminating the noise, guaranteeing the quality of the acquired signal.

Influence of different stimuli on electromyographic variables of the biceps brachii.

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of different stimuli on the muscular response of 30 young sedentary male and female subjects. A conditioning module with A/D 16/32 signals of 12 bits (LYNX), with band-pass filter of 10-500 Hz and sampling frequency of 1000 Hz was used. A bipolar active surface electrode (LYNX), a load cell (MM-100 KRATOS) and a pressure cuff were also used. The volunteers were submitted to four conditions: Without stimulus (WS), auditive stimulus (AS), visual stimulus (VS), and auditive + visual stimuli (AVS). Matlab 6.5.1 software was used to process the signals for analyzing RMS and median frequency (MF), as well as muscular force (F) and cuff pressure (P). Statistical analysis consisted of the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test with a critical level of 5%. As to RMS, females presented a significant increase in all types of stimuli compared to WS. As to MF there was no significant difference between the different groups for either sex. P in both sexes presented a significant increase when submitted to VS and AVS. F was higher for AVS in males and for any of the stimuli in females when compared to WS. In all the variables analyzed, males presented significantly higher values than females for all types of stimuli.

Evaluation of therapeutic ultrasound equipment performance.

The therapeutic ultrasound (US) is one of the resources mostly used by physiotherapists; however the use of uncalibrated equipment results in inefficient or even harmful therapies to the patient. In this direction, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and the procedures of utilization and maintenance of US in use in clinics and Physical-therapy offices. A questionnaire with questions related to the procedures applied in service during the use of therapeutic ultrasound was applied to physiotherapists. The performance of 31 equipment of 6 different brands and 13 different models was evaluated according to the IEC 61689 norm. The parameters measured were: acoustic power; effective radiating area (AER); non-uniformity ratio of the beam (RBN); maximum effective intensity; acoustic frequency of operation, modulation factor and wave form on pulsate mode. As for the questionnaires, it was evident that the professionals are not concerned about the calibration of the equipment. The results demonstrated that only 32.3% of the equipment were in accordance with the norms for the variables power and effective radiation area. The frequency analysis indicated that 20% of the 3MHz transducers and 12.5% of the 1MHz contemplated the norms. In the pulsate mode, 12.7% presented relation rest/duration inside allowed limits. A great variation of the ultrasonic field was observed on the obtained images, which presented beams not centered, sometimes with bifurcation of its apex. The results allow concluding that, although used in therapeutic sessions with the population, none of the equipment presents all the analyzed variables inside technical norms.

[Electrical stimulation and swimming in the acute phase of axonotmesis: their influence on nerve regeneration and functional recovery]. / Estimulación eléctrica y natación en la fase aguda de la axonotmesis: influencia sobre la regeneración nerviosa y la recuperación funcional.

INTRODUCTION: Little attention has been given to the influence of low-frequency phasic electrical stimulation (LFPES) and physical exercise on the quality of peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. AIM. To evaluate the influence of LFPES, swimming and the association between the two in terms of the morphology of the regenerated sciatic nerve following axonotmesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty Wistar mice (222.05 +/- 42.2 g) were distributed into groups: control (C), denervated (D), denervated + swimming (DS), denervated + electrostimulation (DE) and denervated + swimming + electrostimulation (DSE). After 24 hours of axonotmesis, the soleus muscle of the DE and DSE groups was stimulated electrically. The DS and DSE groups swam over a period of 22 days. The number of axons, morphometric data on the nerve and the functional index of the sciatic nerve (FIS) were evaluated. RESULTS: The number of axons in the denervated groups was higher than in the control group, and in the DE group the figure was higher than in the D group. The axonal diameter was smaller in the denervated groups, yet in the DS group it was higher than in the D group. The other morphometric parameters were quite similar to those of the C group. The FIS between days 7 and 14 of the post-operative period was different to the pre-operative index and that measured on day 21 of the post-operative period; the DSE group, however, differed from the pre-operative values. CONCLUSIONS: Swimming and LFPES, applied on an individual basis, do not affect the maturation of the regenerated fibres or functional recovery. LFPES favoured axonal regeneration and combining the treatments delayed functional recovery without having any influence on nerve regeneration.

Comportamento da impedância elétrica dos tecidos biológicos durante estimulação elétrica transcutânea / Electrical impedance behavior of biological tissues during transcutaneous electrical stimulation

OBJETIVO: Analisar a impedância elétrica dos tecidos biológicos durante estimulação elétrica em diferentes segmentos, faces e freqüências da corrente, aumentando-se a distância intereletrodos. MÉTODO: 20 voluntárias, idade média 23 ± 2,25anos e índice de massa corporal 20,65 ± 1,44kg/m², permaneceram em decúbito, sendo um eletrodo posicionado proximalmente às interlinhas articulares do punho e tornozelo, anterior e posteriormente, ou à espinha ilíaca póstero-superior, e outro eletrodo distanciado seqüencialmente em 10, 20, 30 e 40cm. Foram aplicadas duas correntes (100us e 10mA), uma de 100Hz (BF) e outra de 2000Hz modulada em 100 por cento da amplitude para 100Hz (MF), com intervalo mínimo de 7 dias. A impedância foi calculada, indiretamente, pela Lei de Ohm, a partir da intensidade aplicada e da tensão elétrica captada em sistema composto por osciloscópio digital (TDS 210, Tektronix®) e gerador de corrente constante (Dualpex 961, Quark®). Para análise estatística, aplicou-se Anova-F e Kruskal-Wallis com post hoc (SNK), teste de Friedman e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, considerando p< 0,05. RESULTADOS: Apesar de o comportamento da impedância elétrica com o aumento da distância intereletrodos ser similar para ambas as correntes, houve uma redução da impedância sob estimulação com MF. Nos membros, aproximadamente 50 por cento da variabilidade da impedância é explicada pelo afastamento dos eletrodos, relação essa não observada na face posterior do tronco. Independente do tipo de corrente, o tronco apresentou os menores valores de impedância elétrica, seguido pelo membro inferior. CONCLUSÕES: A impedância elétrica dos tecidos sofre influência da freqüência da corrente e da localização e distância intereletrodos, apresentando padrão não uniforme nos diferentes segmentos.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the electrical impedance of biological tissues during electrical stimulation in relation to different segments, surfaces and current frequencies, with increasing distance between electrodes. METHOD: 20 female volunteers of mean age 23 ± 2.25 years and mean body mass index 20.65 ± 1.44 kg/m² were positioned in decubitus with one electrode placed proximally to the wrist and ankle joint lines, anteriorly and posteriorly, or on the posterosuperior iliac spine, and the other electrode was placed at distance of 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, sequentially. Two currents (100 us and 10 mA) were applied: one at 100 Hz (LF) and the other at 2000 Hz modulated at 100 percent of the amplitude for 100 Hz (MF), with a minimum interval of seven days. The impedance was calculated indirectly using Ohm's Law, from the applied intensity and the electrical voltage picked up by a system consisting of a digital oscilloscope (TDS 210, Tektronix®) and a direct current generator (Dualpex 961, Quark®). For statistical analysis, Anova-F and Kruskal-Wallis were applied, with post hoc (SNK), Friedman test and Spearman correlation coefficient, taking p< 0.05. RESULTS: Despite similar electrical impedance behavior with increasing distance between electrodes for the two currents, there was a reduction in impedance under MF stimulation. In the limbs, approximately 50 percent of the impedance variance was explained by the increase in electrode separation, although this relationship was not observed on the posterior surface of the trunk. Independent of the current type, the trunk presented the lowest electrical impedance, followed by the lower limbs. CONCLUSION: The electrical impedance of the tissues was influenced by current frequency and the positioning and distance between electrodes, thus presenting a non-uniform pattern in the different segments.

Curto período de imobilização provoca alterações morfométricas e mecânicas no músculo de rato / Short-term immobilization causes morphometric and mechanical alterations in rat muscles

OBJETIVO: Analisar as características morfométricas e mecânicas dos músculos sóleo e gastrocnêmio após imobilização na posição de encurtamento. MÉTODO: 20 ratos Wistar (250 ± 20g) foram distribuídos igualmente em grupos imobilizado e controle. A imobilização foi realizada no membro posterior esquerdo por meio de órtese de resina acrílica, com a articulação do tornozelo em flexão plantar máxima. Após 7 dias da imobilização, a massa muscular, número e comprimento de sarcômeros em série, área das fibras musculares, densidade de área de tecido conjuntivo intramuscular e força máxima de ruptura do tríceps sural foram avaliados. Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p< 0,05). RESULTADOS: O músculo sóleo imobilizado apresentou alterações em todas as variáveis morfométricas analisadas, enquanto que, no músculo gastrocnêmio, algumas adaptações não foram observadas. Na análise do ensaio de tração, o grupo imobilizado apresentou redução de 20 por cento na força máxima de ruptura muscular. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que curto período de imobilização promove alterações nos parâmetros morfométricos das fibras musculares, com repercussões na mecânica muscular. Tais resultados permitem sugerir a necessidade da reabilitação em músculos submetidos à imobilização, mesmo a curto prazo, para que a mesma possibilite o retorno precoce das características musculares normais.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the morphometric and mechanical characteristics of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles after immobilization in a shortened position. METHODS: 20 Wistar rats (250 ± 20g) were divided equally into immobilized and control groups. The left hind limb was immobilized by means of an acrylic resin orthosis, with the ankle joint at maximum plantar flexion. After seven days of immobilization, the muscle mass, number and length of sarcomeres in series, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, density of the intramuscular connective tissue area and tensile strength of the triceps surae muscle were evaluated. The data were analyzed by the ANOVA and Tukey tests (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The immobilized soleus muscle presented changes in all the morphometric variables analyzed, while some of these changes were not observed in the gastrocnemius muscle. Analysis of the traction test showed that the immobilized group presented a 20 percent decrease in the maximum tensile muscle strength. CONCLUSION: The results from this study showed that short-term immobilization causes changes to the morphometric parameters of the muscle fibers, with repercussions on muscle mechanics. These results suggest the need for rehabilitation of muscles subjected to immobilization, even if only for a short period, in order to achieve early recovery of normal muscle characteristics.

Rat hindlimb joint immobilization with acrylic resin orthoses

The objective of the present study was to propose an orthosis of light material that would be functional for the animal and that would maintain only the ankle joint immobilized. Male Wistar rats (3 to 4 months old, 250-300 g) were divided into 2 groups (N = 6): control and immobilized for 7 days. Rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg weight) and the left hindlimb was immobilized with the orthoses composed of acrylic resin model, abdominal belt and lateral supports. The following analyses were performed: glycogen content of the soleus, extensor digitorum longus, white gastrocnemius, red gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles by the phenol sulfuric method, and the weight, fiber area and intramuscular connective tissue of the soleus by the planimetric system. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student t and Wilcoxon tests. Immobilization decreased glycogen in all muscles (P < 0.05; soleus: 31.6 percent, white gastrocnemius: 56.6 percent, red gastrocnemius: 39 percent, extensor digitorum longus: 41.7 percent, tibialis anterior: 45.2 percent) in addition to reducing soleus weight by 34 percent (P < 0.05). Furthermore, immobilization promoted reduction of the fiber area (43 percent, P < 0.05) and increased the connective tissue (200 percent, P < 0.05). The orthosis model was efficient comparing with another alternative immobilization model, like plaster casts, in promoting skeletal muscle alterations, indicating that it could be used as a new model in other studies related to muscle disuse.

Efeitos da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular sobre o membro posterior imobilizado de ratos durante 15 dias: análises metabólicas e morfométricas / Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on rat hind limbs immobilized for 15 days: metabolic and morphometric analyses

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da estimulação elétrica (EE) sobre o perfil metabólico e morfométrico dos músculos do membro posterior de ratos submetidos à imobilização durante 15 dias. MÉTODO: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=5): controle, imobilizado por 15 dias e imobilizado associado à EE por 15 dias. Foram avaliados: reserva de glicogênio (RG) dos músculos sóleo (S), extensor longo dos dedos (ELD), gastrocnêmio branco (GB), gastrocnêmio vermelho (GV) e tibial anterior (TA), além do peso do sóleo, área das fibras e tecido conjuntivo do S. A análise estatística foi feita pelos testes ANOVA e Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: A imobilização promoveu alterações significativas (p<0,05) como: redução nas RG (S: 44,73 por cento, GB: 47,82 por cento, GV: 46,34 por cento, ELD: 41,66 por cento, TA: 48,38 por cento), no peso (7,2 por cento) e na área das fibras (35 por cento) do S, além do aumento da densidade do tecido conjuntivo (160 por cento). A EE promoveu aumento significativo (p<0,05) nas RG de todos os músculos imobilizados (S: 90,47 por cento, GB: 62,5 por cento, GV: 95,45 por cento, ELD: 76,19 por cento, TA: 56,25 por cento), no peso (20,94 por cento) e na área das fibras (19,65 por cento) do S e também promoveu redução significativa (15,38 por cento, p<0,05) na densidade do tecido conjuntivo. CONCLUSÕES: A EE minimizou a redução das RG, preveniu a redução da área das fibras e a proliferação do tecido conjuntivo nos músculos submetidos à imobilização.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation on the metabolic and morphometric profile of rat hind limb muscles subjected to immobilization for 15 days. METHOD: Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=5): control; immobilized for 15 days; and immobilized for 15 days with electrical stimulation. The glycogen reserves of the soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), white gastrocnemius (WG), red gastrocnemius (RG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were evaluated, along with the weight, fibrous area and conjunctive tissue of the soleus. The statistical analysis was performed using the Anova and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: Immobilization promoted significant alterations (p<0.05), such as: reductions in the glycogen reserves (soleus: 44.73 percent, WG: 47.82 percent, RG: 46.34 percent, EDL: 41.66 percent, TA: 48.38 percent) and in the weight (7.2 percent) and fibrous area (35 percent) of the soleus, and also increased connective tissue density (160 percent). Electrical stimulation promoted a significant increase (p<0.05) in the glycogen reserves of all the immobilized muscles: (soleus: 90.47 percent, WG: 62.5 percent, RG: 95.45 percent, EDL: 76.19 percent, TA: 56.25 percent) and in the weight (20.94 percent) and fibrous area (19.65 percent) of the soleus, and also promoted a significant reduction (15.38 percent, p<0.05) in connective tissue density. CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation minimized the reduction in glycogen reserves and prevented the reduction in fibrous area and proliferation of connective tissue in the muscles subjected to immobilization.

Estimulacao eletrica de alta voltagem: uma opcao de tratamento / High-voltage electrical stimulaton: a treatment option

O uso de correntes eletricas que desenvolvem acoes terapeuticas nos tecidos biologicos ou possibilitam a manutencao de suas funcoes tem sido extensamente preconizado como recurso fisioterapeutico em nosso pais. A estimulacao eletrica de alta voltagem (EEAV) e uma corrente terapeutica vastamente utilizada em alguns paises da Europa, assim como nos Estados Unidos, sendo que as primeiras publicacoes cientificas que utilizaram a EEAV datam da decada de 1970. A literatura aponta vasto uso clinico desses estimuladores, contudo sua comercializacao e utilizacao em nosso pais ainda sao incipientes, em decorrencia da pequena oferta de equipamentos, bem como do atual nivel de conhecimento dos profissionais. Objetivo: revisar os efeitos da EEAV nas diferentes intervencoes fisioterapeuticas, contribuindo na fundamentacao da sua aplicacao clinica. Metodo: revisao bibliografica efetuada em livros textos e nas bases de dados Medline e Pubmed e Periodicos CAPES, no periodo de 1985 a 2004, tendo como enfase os efeitos desencadeados nos diferentes tecidos, considerando os fatores como forma, frequencia, duracao e amplitude do pulso, incluindo as modulacoes e as polaridades pertinentes que foram utilizadas em cada protocolo de tratamento. Conclusao: Os estudos tem apresentado evidencias acerca do uso da EEAV no tratamento de edema e principalmente de lesoes cutaneas cronicas, podendo se tornar um valioso recurso a ser utilizado pelo fisioterapeuta em nosso meio brevemente

Alterações do conteudo de glicogenio e do peso muscular em funcao da posicao articular e do periodo de imobilização / Alterations in muscle glycogen content and muscle weight relating to joint position and length of immobilization

Aplicar dois tipos de orteses (posicao neutra e flexao plantar do tornozelo) em diferentes periodos (3 e 7 dias) e avaliar o glicogenio (GLI) e o peso muscular. Metodo: ratos machos adultos Wistar foram divididos em 5 grupos (n=6): controle (C), imobilizado em posicao neutra por 3 dias (INP3), imobilizado em flexao plantar por 3 dias (IFP3), imobilizadoem posicao neutra por 7 dias (IPN7) e imobilizado em flexao plantar por 7 dias (IFP7). Apos o periodo os animais foram sacrificados e os musculos soleo (S), gastrocenico branco (GB) e vermelho (GV), extensor longo dos dedos (ELD) e tibial anterior (TA) foram coletados para analise do GLI, alem da avaliacao do peso do S e ELD. A analise estatistica constou da ANOVA e do teste t (p<0,05). Resultados: A imobilizacao por 3 dias promoveu reducao no GLI, tanto no grupo IPN3(10,5 S, 34,8 GB, 14,6 GV, 38,9 ELD e 45,2 TA, por cento) quanto no IFP3 (44,7 S, 10,9 GB, 19,5GV, 33,3 ELD e 6,4 TA por cento). A reducao tambem foi observada nos grupos IPN7(31,6 S, 56,5 GB, 39 GV, 41,7 ELD e 38,7 TA por cento) e IFP7 (65,8 S, 32,6 GB, 41,5 GV, 41,7 ELD e 51,6 TA por cento). O peso muscular diminuiu estatisticamente no S dos grupos IPN7(34 por cento) e IFP7(38 por cento) e no ELD dos grupos IPN3(20 por cento) e IPN7(27 por cento). Conclusao: a imobilizacao mostrou-se efetiva em promover alteracoes metabolicas diferenciadas pela posicao articular e pelo periodo, alem de sugerir sua aplicabilidade em outros estudos com tecnicas fisioterapeuticas

Analise morfometrica dos tecidos muscular e conjuntivo apos desnervacao e estimulacao eletrica de baixa frequencia / Morphometric analysis of muscle and conjunctive tissue after denervation and low-frequency electrial stimulation

A estimulacao eletrica muscular tem sido empregada apos lesao nervosa periferica com o objetivo de minimizar a atrofia e a fraqueza muscular. Experimentos tem demonstrado que ha plasticidade nas fibras musculares, sendo o musculo capaz de sofrer adaptacoes ante fatores como a desnervacao e a estimulacao eletrica. Objetivo: analisar a influencia da estimulacao eletrica sobre o perfil morfometrico do musculo soleo de ratos desnervado por esmagamentodo nervo isquiatico. Metodo: foram utilizados 18 ratos Wistar (196,86g+-33,67) divididos em 3 grupos(n=6): desnervado+estimulacao eletrica (DEE); desnervado(D); e controle(C). Vinte e quatro horas apos o esmagemento do nervo iniciou-se a estimulacao eletrica muscular no grupo DEE(i=5mA, Fase=3ms, f=10Hz) por 30 minutos, durante 20 dias consecutivos. O musculo soleo foi retirado para analise morfometrica. Ressultados: a area medica de seccao transversa das fibras musculares do grupo C foi de 1.035 um2+-210, no grupo D foi de 375 um2+-65 e no grupo DEE, de 600 um2+-126(P<-0,05). A densidade de area do tecido conjuntivo foi significativamente menor (P<-0,05) no grupo DEE (16,61 por cento +- 3,68) em relacao ao D(34,49 por cento +- 4,32), sendo que ambos os grupos apresentaram valores maiores que o grupo C (9,55 por cento +- 2,62). A densidade de area das fibras do musculo soleo foi significativamente maior (P<-0,05) no grupo DEE(83,37 por cento +- 3,68) quando comparada ao grupo D (65,49 por cento +- 4,32). A estimulacao eletrica de baixa frequencia minimizou a atrofia das fibras musculares e a proliferacao de tecido conjuntivo no musculo desnervado

Estudo morfometrico do musculo soleo denervado de ratos tratados pela associacao de metformina e estimulacao eletrica / Morphometric study os rats denervated soleus muscle treated by association of metformin and electrostimulation

Diversos estudos relatam os efeitos da denervacao sobre a homeostasia energetica do musculo soleo, sendo demonstrado que concomitante ao processo de atrofia ha reducao no metabolismo muscular da glicose e aumento de colageno no endomisio e perimisio, indicando que a atrofia e acompanhada de alteracoes metabolicas e fibrose. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da associacao dos tratamentos com metformina(0,1g/kg) e estimulacao eletrica (f=10Hz, fase=3ms, 20 min/dia) sobre a morfologia e reserva de glicogenio do musculo soleo denervado de ratos. Tratamento com PAS (acido periodico de Schift) foi utilizado para evidenciar reservas de glicogenio, e a densidade de areas das fibras foi obtida pela tecnica morfometrica e analisada pela ANOVA com teste F e teste de Tukey para comparacao das medias. Apos 15 dias, a associacao dos tratemntos nao recuperou o peso do musculo soleo (69,33mg), perdido com a denervacao (63,33mg, p>0,05), no entanto, promoveu aumento de granulos de glicogenio, evidenciando melhora nas condicoes metabolicas das fibras