ABSTRACT
Recently, attention has been paid to some medications and gastric cancer (GC) risk. This review aimed to evaluate associations between commonly used drugs and GC risk and to grade evidence from published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This umbrella review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022320276). The systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies were retrieved by searching Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. The evidence strength of commonly used drugs and GC risk was categorized into four grades: weak, suggestive, highly suggestive, and strong. Of 19 associations between commonly used drugs and GC risk and its subtypes, none was supported by convincing or highly suggestive evidence. The risk of GC related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), non-aspirin NSAIDs, and acid-suppressive drugs, as well as the risk of non-cardia GC related to NSAIDs and aspirin, was supported by suggestive evidence. The results showed that a reduced GC risk was associated with two drug types (NSAIDs and non-aspirin NSAIDs), and an increased GC risk was associated with acid-suppressing drugs at the suggestive evidence level. Moreover, NSAIDs and aspirin reduced non-cardia GC risk as supported by suggestive evidence. However, the evidence supporting statins or metformin in reducing GC risk was weak, and thus future studies are required to clarify these associations.
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic lipase inhibitors can reduce blood lipids by inactivating the catalytic activity of human pancreatic lipase, a key enzyme involved in triglyceride hydrolysis, which helps control some dyslipidemic diseases. The ability of Eucommia ulmoides tea to improve fat-related diseases is closely related to the natural inhibitory components of pancreatic lipase contained in the tea. In this study, fifteen pancreatic lipase inhibitors were screened and identified from Eucommia ulmoides tea by affinity-ultrafiltration combined UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS. Four representative components of geniposidic acid, quercetin-3-O-sambuboside, isochlorogenic acid A, and quercetin with high binding degrees were further verified by nanoscale differential scanning fluorimetry (nanoDSF) and enzyme inhibitory assays. The results of flow cytometry showed that they could significantly reduce the activity of pancreatic lipase in AR42J cells induced by palmitic acid in a concentration-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that Eucommia ulmoides tea may be a promising resource for pancreatic lipase inhibitors of natural origin.
Subject(s)
Eucommiaceae , Humans , Quercetin , Ultrafiltration , Lipase , TeaABSTRACT
Over the last few decades, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor angiogenesis has advanced at a significant pace and the clinical translation of these mechanisms has benefited millions of patients. However, limited efficacy and the rapid expansion of drug resistance remain unresolved issues. Recent studies in both preclinical and clinical settings have revealed that circRNAs, as a novel identified non-coding RNA can mediate intercellular communication and regulate the microenvironment within tumors after being selectively packaged, secreted, and transmitted via exosomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how exosomal circRNAs orchestrate inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis, including their functions, molecular mechanisms, and potential roles as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Finally, we discuss the technological advances in exosome functionalization and exosome-mimetic nanovesicles intending to improve the clinical translation of exosomal circRNAs.