ABSTRACT
Adenovirus type 5 was isolated from blood clots from 27 of 30 sporadic cases of infectious hepatitis. Only one isolation of virus, also adenovirus 5, was made from blood clots from 70 persons with no known contact with infectious hepatitis.
Subject(s)
Adenoviridae/isolation & purification , Hepatitis A/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Blood , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Middle Aged , Virus CultivationABSTRACT
Five phthalate ester and related compounds (phthalic anhydride, phthalamide, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and butyl benzyl phthalate) have been tested for carcinogenic effects in standard lifetime rodent feeding studies. Groups of 50 male and female rats and mice were fed diets containing various concentrations of the test chemicals for 102-106 consecutive weeks. The dietary concentrations were estimated to be maximally tolerated doses and half maximally tolerated doses. All animals that died during the study and all survivors at the end of two years were examined grossly and microscopically for the presence of tumors. The incidences of animals with tumors at a specific anatomic site in the treated groups and the controls were compared statistically. Neither phthalamide nor phthalic anhydride increased tumor incidences in rats or mice. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increased the incidences of liver tumors in rats and mice of both sexes, while di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate caused liver tumors in male and female mice, only. Butyl benzyl phthalate did not cause tumors in male or female mice, but the incidence of myelomonocytic leukemia in butyl benzyl phthalate-treated female rats was significantly greater than that in the controls. Chemically induced early deaths in the butyl benzyl phthalate-treated male rats precluded an evaluation of carcinogenic potential in this sex. Under the conditions of these tests, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate was considered to be carcinogenic in both rats and mice and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate was considered to be carcinogenic in mice. The evidence for carcinogenic effects of butyl benzyl phthalate in female rats was judged to be equivocal because of the variable nature of the incidence of myelomonocytic leukemia in Fischer 344 rats. Phthalamide and phthalic anhydride did not exhibit carcinogenic effects in these studies.
Subject(s)
Carcinogens , Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced , Phthalic Acids/toxicity , Animals , Female , Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced , Male , Mice , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Rats , Rats, Inbred F344 , Species Specificity , United StatesSubject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Hepatitis A/veterinary , Hominidae , Animals , Female , Hepatitis A/blood , MaleSubject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/blood , Anesthetics , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Hominidae , Piperidines , Animals , PhencyclidineABSTRACT
A matrix gel diffusion (MGD) procedure with a sensitivity comparable to the complement fixation test (CF) has been developed for detecting Australia antigen in serum. The test utilizes a thin layer of agar (0.1 mm) with an applied plastic matrix. Reactants are introduced directly onto the surface of the agar through wells in the plastic matrix. End points obtained by CF with a panel of 11 sera varied from 1:8 to 1:512. When these sera were tested by MGD, end points for detection of antigen were within one dilution of that obtained by CF.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis, Animal/blood , Hepatitis/blood , Immunodiffusion/standards , Agar , Animals , Complement Fixation Tests , Erythrocytes/immunology , Haplorhini , Humans , Immune Sera , Methods , Plastics , Sheep , Staining and Labeling , Tannins , ThiazinesABSTRACT
Prototype adenovirus 3 and adenovirus SC8, which was found in feces from a patient with infectious hepatitis and which was classified as adenovirus 3 by standard procedures, were compared by chromatography and immunodiffusion techniques. When the radioactive adenovirus moiety in SC8 had been separated from other radioactive components of tissue culture by gel filtration, a smaller infectious agent was detected, whereas with prototype adenovirus 3 one infectious agent was found. The large agent from SC8 was classified as adenovirus type 3 by serum neutralization tests, but results from homologous and heterologous immunodiffusion tests and heat sensitivity tests indicated that this agent was different from the classical prototype adenovirus 3. Similar precipitin patterns obtained in homologous and heterologous reactions by immunodiffusion suggested a similarity between the smaller particle and an unidentified agent isolated without adenoviruses from blood clots from overt cases of hepatitis. With the present evidence, it was not possible to relate the smaller agent to adeno-associated viruses; however, its similarity to an agent isolated from blood of overt cases implies a possible relationship with hepatitis. The continued recovery of the variant strain of adenovirus type 3 from patients with hepatitis, although at relatively low rates of isolation, suggested a possible undetermined relation to the disease.
Subject(s)
Adenoviridae/isolation & purification , Antigens/analysis , Hepatitis A/microbiology , Adenoviridae/classification , Carbon Isotopes , Chromatography, Gel , Feces/microbiology , Hemagglutination Tests , Humans , Immunodiffusion , Neutralization Tests , SerotypingABSTRACT
A small, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid viral agent (agent Y) has been found in blood from patients with infectious hepatitis. The agent was propagated in chimpanzee liver tissue culture which had been grown and maintained on unheated agamma calf serum. A causal relationship between this agent and the occurrence of human disease cannot be determined from the data presented.