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1.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res ; 36(10): 1811-9, 2012 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22823161

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Most children who are exposed to large quantities of alcohol in utero do not develop fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Population-based prospective data on the risk of developing components of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), however, are limited. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 9,628 women screened during their first prenatal appointment in Chile, which identified 101 who consumed at least 4 drinks/d (exposed) matched with 101 women with no reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy (unexposed). Detailed alcohol consumption data were collected during the pregnancy. Children were evaluated up to 8.5 years of age by clinicians masked to exposure status. RESULTS: One or more functional central nervous system abnormalities were present in 44.0% (22/50) of the exposed children compared to 13.6% (6/44) of the unexposed (p = 0.002). Growth restriction was present in 27.2% (25/92) of the exposed and 12.5% (12/96) of the unexposed (p = 0.02). Abnormal facial features were present in 17.3% (14/81) of the exposed children compared to 1.1% (1/89) of the unexposed children (p = 0.0002) by direct examination. Of the 59 exposed children with data available to detect at least 1 abnormality, 12 (20.3%) had no abnormalities. Binge drinking from conception to recognition of pregnancy (OR = 1.48 per day, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.91, p = 0.002) and after recognition of pregnancy (OR= 1.41 per day, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.95, p = 0.04) and total number of drinks consumed per week from conception to recognition of pregnancy (OR = 1.02 per drink, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04, p = 0.0009) were significantly associated with abnormal child outcome. CONCLUSIONS: After exposure to heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy, 80% of children had 1 or more abnormalities associated with alcohol exposure. Patterns of alcohol use that posed the greatest risk of adverse outcomes were binge drinking and high total weekly intake. Functional neurologic impairment occurred most frequently and may be the only sign to alert physicians to prenatal alcohol exposure.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Birth Weight/drug effects , Frontal Lobe/abnormalities , Frontal Lobe/drug effects , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology , Abnormalities, Multiple/chemically induced , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology , Adolescent , Birth Weight/physiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Facies , Female , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diagnosis , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Frontal Lobe/growth & development , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Muscular Atrophy/chemically induced , Muscular Atrophy/diagnosis , Muscular Atrophy/epidemiology , Nervous System Malformations/chemically induced , Nervous System Malformations/diagnosis , Nervous System Malformations/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/diagnosis , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
2.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(4): 562-563, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-900018
3.
San Salvador; s.n; 2016. 18 p. graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, BISSAL | ID: biblio-1179667

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo de investigación describe la evolución clínica en embarazos pre término que presentan ruptura prematura de membranas y que se les aplico manejo conservador ya que actualmente constituye un problema obstétrico frecuente que se considera importante analizar. Se incluyen desde factores que predisponen a ruptura de membranas, evolución clínica materna y fetal, beneficios de la aplicación de manejo conservador y complicaciones que pueden presentarse posterior a la aplicación de dicho manejo. Para la obtención de estos datos se realizó la revisión de expedientes clínicos en el Hospital 1 ° de mayo del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social, posteriormente se utilizó un instrumento de recolección de datos para delimitar aquellos que permiten estudiar las variables principales en esta problemática. Una vez obtenidos los resultados se realiza análisis de estos, concluyendo que el manejo conservador en ruptura de membranas en embarazos prematuros es beneficioso para la salud materna fetal ya que permite administrar maduración pulmonar fetal y además ganancia de pero en el feto, además los resultados obstétricos son satisfactorios y no se describe aumento de complicaciones maternas ni fetales. Además se identifica la toma de tamizaje para streptococo del grupo B, observando que no se encuentra reportado el resultado en todos los expedientes revisados, por lo que se incluye en las recomendaciones de mejoría en cuanto a la atención materna


Subject(s)
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture , Conservative Treatment , Gynecology , Obstetrics
4.
Subst Use Misuse ; 41(2): 183-97, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16479683

ABSTRACT

We aimed to identify drinking rates in a prospectively identified cohort of pregnant women, and subsequently, to identify the drinkers of 48 g or more alcohol/day among them, by using complementary methods for verifying self-reported drinking habits. A research team of social workers and health professionals at the Maipú Clinic, located in a lower middle class neighborhood of Santiago, Chile, conducted interviews of women attending a prenatal clinic between August 1995 and July 2000. Women whose interview responses met predefined criteria (identified in the text) were further evaluated by home visits. We interviewed 9,628 of 10,917 (88%) women receiving prenatal care. By initial interview, 42.6% of women reported no drinking, 57.4% some alcohol consumption, and 3.7% consuming at least one standard drink (15 mL of absolute alcohol) per day. Of the 887 women who had home visits, 101 were identified as consuming on average at least 4 drinks/day (48 g). To determine the best home visit questionnaire items for identifying those drinking at least 4 drinks per day, 48 women who openly admitted drinking this amount were compared with 786 women who were not considered drinkers after the home visit. The 48 self-reported 48 g/day drinkers were significantly more likely to get tipsy when drinking before (p = 0.01) or during (p < 0.0001) pregnancy, to have started drinking at a younger age (p = 0.007), or to exhibit signs of low self-esteem (p < 0.0001), sleep or appetite problems (p < 0.0001), bad interpersonal relationships (p < 0.0001) or having family members with fetal alcohol syndrome features (p < 0.009). In conclusion, using complementary methods of alcohol misuse ascertainment during pregnancy, we found that at least 1% of pregnant women in a Santiago, Chile, clinic population were drinking at levels that are clearly dangerous to the fetus (48 g/day or more). We identified specific interview questions that may help screen for alcohol use of 48 g/day or more in pregnant women.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Chile/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies
5.
Rev Med Chil ; 130(9): 977-84, 2002 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12434644

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Short stature is the main feature of patients with Turner's syndrome. There is limited information regarding the spontaneous growth of these patients in Chile. AIM: To develop a specific growth chart for Chilean patients with Turner's syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 668 height measurements from 85 Chilean girls, born after 1968, with 45XO karyotype (minimum 15%), and without an Y chromosome fragment. Patients with hormonal therapy, such as growth hormone or estrogen, except thyroid hormone replacement, were excluded. RESULTS: The karyotypes were 60% 45XO, 25% 45XO, 46XX, and 15% other complex mosaics. The birth length was 46.8 +/- 2.1 cm. The final height of our patients was 138,20 +/- 7.0 cm. CONCLUSIONS: The final height achieved by our patients, is similar to Argentinian and Japanese patients, but is below the mean stature reported for Scandinavian and Northamerican patients who achieve a mean adult height of approximately 147 and 142 cm respectively. The birth length is also lower than that reported in those studies.


Subject(s)
Growth , Turner Syndrome/physiopathology , Adolescent , Body Height , Child , Child, Preschool , Chile/ethnology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Karyotyping , Retrospective Studies , Turner Syndrome/genetics
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 130(9): 977-984, sept. 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-323230

ABSTRACT

Background: Short stature is the main feature of patients with Turner's syndrome. There is limited information regarding the spontaneous growth of these patients in Chile. Aim: To develop a specific growth chart for Chilean patients with Turner's syndrome. Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 668 height measurements from 85 Chilean girls, born after 1968, with 45XO karyotype (minimum 15 percent), and without an Y chromosome fragment. Patients with hormonal therapy, such as growth hormone or estrogen, except thyroid hormone replacement, were excluded. Results: The karyotypes were 60 percent 45XO, 25 percent 45XO, 46XX, and 15 percent other complex mosaics. The birth length was 46.8 ñ 2.1 cm. The final height of our patients was 138,20 ñ 7,0 cm. Conclusions: The final height achieved by our patients, is similar to Argentinian and Japanese patients, but is below the mean stature reported for Scandinavian and Northamerican patients who achieve a mean adult height of approximately 147 and 142 cm respectively. The birth length is also lower than that reported in those studies


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Growth Disorders , Turner Syndrome/physiopathology , Turner Syndrome/complications , Turner Syndrome/ethnology
7.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 56(3): 192-8, maio-jun. 1985. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-1448

ABSTRACT

El estudio del haplotipo HLA en una familia, cuando hay un caso conocido de HSRV (perdedora o no perdedora de sal) es útil en la práctica para identificar heterozigotos, portadores sanos de la enfermedad y permite dar consejo genético a las parejas. El haplotipo HLA es útil en el diagnóstico intrauterino de la enfermedad, a partir del estudio del líquido amniótico en embarazadas parientes de un apaciente con HSRV. El haplotipo HLA también puede ser útil para identificar otros pacientes en una familia con un caso de la forma no clásica o post-puberal de la enfermedad y ayuda a hacer un diagnóstico precoz, especialmente en el sexo masculino, en que los signos físicos de esta forma clínica son muy difíciles de detectar. El haplotipo HLA hasta el presente no sirve para identificar enfermos ni portadores en la población general, ya que no funciona como un marcador genético y no hay asociación entre un haplotipo HLA determinado y la enfermedad en la población general. La 17-OHP es útil en el diagnóstico de todas las formas clínicas de HSRV. En el RN la 17-OHP está elevada precozmente y es de gran ayuda, ya que en estos casos los 17KS y el PNT urinario generalmente no se elevan significativamente. La determinación de 17-OHP por RIA en muestras de sangre tomadas en papel filtro pueden ser usadas para el rastreo de la enfermedad en los RN de una población con alta incidência de la afección. El estudio de 17-OHP, después del estímulo con ACTH, puede permitir detectar pacientes con formas no clásicas de la enfermedad e identificar alrededor del 75% de los portadores sanos (heterozigotos). La interpretación cuidadosa de las concentraciones plasmáticas de 17-OHP en dos horarios del día (8 AM y 5 PM) es útil en el control del tratamiento de los pacientes pediátricos. La testosterona plasmática (en mujeres de cualquier edad y en niños entre 1 y 9 años) y la - 4 - androstenediona plasmática (en ambos sexos sin importar edad) son útiles para controlar el tratamiento de estos pacientes si se consideran en conjunto con los criterios clásicos y con otros más recientes que se comentan en esta publicación. La actividad aumentada de renina plasmática en sujetos con HSRV es un criterio biológico moderno para identificar pacientes perdedores de sal, aunque clínicamente nunca hayan presentado crisis de pérdida de sal y para decidir si es necesario agregar mineralocorticoides al tratamiento


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/etiology , HLA Antigens/genetics , Mixed Function Oxygenases/deficiency , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/genetics , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Hydroxyprogesterones/blood , Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics , Mutation , Virilism
8.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 56(1): 27-34, 1991. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-104748

ABSTRACT

Se presenta una evolución de 1.500 autopsias perinatales; y se relaciona los hallazgos de anomalías del cordón umbilical con malformaciones fetales mayores y menores. Se destacan la arteria umbilical única y las estenosis del cordón. Como las más frecuentes se señala la importancia de un examen acucioso del cordón umbilical y la placenta


Subject(s)
Congenital Abnormalities , Umbilical Cord/pathology , Fetal Diseases
10.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 57(6): 501-5, nov.-dic. 1986. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-40090

ABSTRACT

Se revisaron 2.118 fichas de la Unidad de Endocrinología y Genética Infantil del Hospital Paula Jaraquemada, durante dos años; y se estudiaron en forma retrospectiva los retardos de crecimiento (RC), que corresponden a 34% (700 casos). La mitad de ellos consultó por esta causa, siendo su etiología más frecuente la constitucional o familiar (42,7%). Las edades de consulta más frecuentes fueron las escolares y la adolescencia. Los RC por enfermedad genética tienen más frecuentemente bajo peso al nacer y antecedentes de PEG. En los RC por enfermedad endocrina, genética o por otras causas, se observa mayor proporción de pacientes con retraso psicomotor y escolaridad inadecuada que en los RC constitucionales o familiares. La talla y velocidad de crecimiento está más comprometida en los RC debidos a enfermedad genética y endocrina que en los constitucionales o familiares; y la edad ósea está más retrasada en los RC endocrinos que en el resto de los RC. El adecuado estudio clínico y la identificación del canal de crecimiento de estos pacientes, son elementos fundamentales para hacer oportunamente el diagnóstico


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Growth Disorders/etiology , Age Determination by Skeleton , Body Height , Endocrine System Diseases/complications , Growth Disorders/diagnosis , Growth Disorders/genetics , Nutritional Status , Retrospective Studies
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