COVID-19 in Correctional and Detention Facilities - United States, February-April 2020.

An estimated 2.1 million U.S. adults are housed within approximately 5,000 correctional and detention facilities† on any given day (1). Many facilities face significant challenges in controlling the spread of highly infectious pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Such challenges include crowded dormitories, shared lavatories, limited medical and isolation resources, daily entry and exit of staff members and visitors, continual introduction of newly incarcerated or detained persons, and transport of incarcerated or detained persons in multiperson vehicles for court-related, medical, or security reasons (2,3). During April 22-28, 2020, aggregate data on COVID-19 cases were reported to CDC by 37 of 54 state and territorial health department jurisdictions. Thirty-two (86%) jurisdictions reported at least one laboratory-confirmed case from a total of 420 correctional and detention facilities. Among these facilities, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 4,893 incarcerated or detained persons and 2,778 facility staff members, resulting in 88 deaths in incarcerated or detained persons and 15 deaths among staff members. Prompt identification of COVID-19 cases and consistent application of prevention measures, such as symptom screening and quarantine, are critical to protecting incarcerated and detained persons and staff members.

Pneumovesicoscopic Transvesical Ureteric Reimplantation for the Correction of Congenital Lower Ureteric Anomalies in Children: A Regional Arabian Gulf Multicenter Retrospective Experience.

OBJECTIVE: To report and compare the outcomes of 3 different techniques of pneumovesicoscopic ureteric reimplantation applied in children. METHODS: The study included 178 renal units in 105 patients who underwent pneumovesicoscopic reimplantation between January 2016 and October 2021. Presentation, indication for surgery, surgical technique, operative time, operative details, days of hospitalization and catheterization, and outcome were retrieved from patients' electronic records. RESULTS: The collected data was revised, coded, tabulated, and fed into the computer using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 25). Data were presented, and the appropriate statistical analysis was performed according to the type of data obtained for each parameter. CONCLUSION: The pneumovesicoscopic approach to ureteric reimplantation is not inferior to the data reported in the literature for open approach in terms of success rate (94%). In addition, pneumovesicoscopy permits the evaluation of the trigonal anatomy in situ, which can have a significant impact on the selection of the most appropriate surgical technique.

Modified Traction Technique for Intraabdominal Testes With Short Vessels.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of modified testicular traction technique in treatment of intraabdominal and peeping testes with short vessels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the pediatric surgery unit, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE, and in the pediatric urology unit, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, Forty testes in 32 patients were operated using the modification of staged traction laparoscopic-orchiopexy. The modified technique involved intracorporeal placement of suture, gabernacular sparing, no intraabdominal dissection and shorter traction duration as short as 7 days without the need of inguinal incision. RESULTS: All patients tolerated both stages of surgery well without any intra-operative nor post-operative complications. The 1 year follow up period proved successful outcome in all the cases. CONCLUSION: The modified staged traction laparoscopic orchiopexy is safe, successful and feasible in intra-abdominal and peeping testes.

Posterior Cologastric Anastomosis: An Effective Antireflux Mechanism in Colonic Replacement of the Esophagus.

BACKGROUND: The colon may be used to replace a portion of the esophagus in pediatric patients, but prevention of gastrocolic reflux is a concern. We report our experience with the retrosternal colon bypass, and the effect of combining the procedure with a posterior cologastric anastomosis on prevention of gastrocolic reflux. METHODS: The study included 35 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent retrosternal colon bypass during the period of 2010 through 2014. In standard practice, the cologastric anastomosis is performed at the anterior gastric wall. Lately, we modified our technique by shifting the cologastric anastomosis to the back of the stomach away from the anterior adhesions around the gastrostomy. In follow-up, a gastrogram was performed to check for gastrocolic reflux. RESULTS: The indication for esophageal replacement was postcorrosive esophageal stricture in 19 patients and long gap esophageal atresia in 16 patients. Their mean ages were 51 and 16 months, respectively. No gastrocolic reflux was detected with the posterior cologastric anastomosis, whereas reflux was always present with the anterior cologastric anastomosis. We had two mortalities and one major morbidity (hematemesis and failure to thrive) that were related to regurgitation of gastric contents into the colonic conduit. The last patient was successfully managed by transferring the cologastric anastomosis from the front to the back of the stomach, with marked symptomatic and radiologic improvement. CONCLUSIONS: After colonic replacement of the esophagus, the gastrocolic reflux represents a functional problem that may lead to serious complications. Combining a posterior cologastric anastomosis with retrosternal colon bypass is an effective way to avoid this problem.

Feasibility and safety of monopolar diathermy as an alternative to clip ligation in laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy.

PURPOSE: The aims of the study were to study the effect of Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy (FSO) on testicular histology and to assess the feasibility of using monopolar diathermy as an alternative to clip ligation during laparoscopic FSO. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 20 patients with 20 intraabdominal testes and short vessels managed by laparoscopic-staged FSO. Biopsies were taken from intraabdominal testes during the first and second stages of the procedure for histologic comparison. The patients in the study were divided into 2 groups according to the method of dividing the testicular vessels in stage 1. The first 13 patients (group A) were managed by clip ligation of the vessels, whereas monopolar diathermy was used in the following 7 patients (group B). RESULTS: Biopsy findings at stage 2 revealed an overall reduction in both the total number of germ cells per tubule and mean diameter of seminiferous tubules, whereas there was no statistically significant difference between the results in groups A and B. CONCLUSION: The seminiferous cells can withstand (survive) dividing the main blood supply of the testis during FSO. The monopolar diathermy can be used as an alternative to clipping during laparoscopic procedures, having the advantages of lower expenses and using smaller instruments.