The associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy risk: an umbrella review.

This umbrella review was conducted aiming to assess the association between genetic variations and the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by collecting and evaluating available systematic reviews and meta-analysis results. We evaluated the methodological quality using the Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2.0, estimated the summary effect size by using the random effects model and calculated the 95% prediction intervals (PIs). Evidence from the included meta-analyses was graded according to established criteria as follows: convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or not significant. This umbrella review included 32 meta-analyses of 52 candidate SNPs. The 12 selected meta-analyses were rated as "high," 2 studies were rated as "moderate," 11 studies were graded as "low," and the remaining 7 studies were graded as "critically low" in terms of methodological quality. Carriers of specific genotypes and alleles of the transcription Factor 7-like 2 C/T (TCF7L2 C/T) polymorphism (rs7903146, p < 0.001) might be more susceptible to the occurrence of DR in the homozygous and recessive models, and these associations were supported by "convincing" evidence. Significant associations were also found between interleukin-6 (IL-6) -174 G/C (rs1800795; p < 0.05) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphisms (rs2010963, rs699947, rs1570360, rs2010963, rs699947, rs2146323; all p values <0.05) and DR risk, but these associations were supported by "weak" evidence. The TCF7L2 C/T variant could be identified as a definitive genetic risk factor for the development and progression of DR. Data from additional in-depth studies are needed to establish robust evidence for the associations between polymorphisms of IL-6 or VEGF and DR.

Efficacy and safety of hepatitis B vaccine: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of synthesis of literature to determine hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) strategies for hepatitis B virus (HBV) supported by quality evidence. We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of HepB strategies among people with different characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for meta-analyses comparing the efficacy and safety of HepB up to July 2023. RESULTS: Twenty-one meta-analyses comparing 83 associations were included, with 16 high quality, 4 moderate, and 1 low quality assessed by AMSTAR 2. Highly suggestive evidence supports HepB booster and HepB with 1018 adjuvant (HBsAg-1018) for improved seroprotection, and targeted and universal HepB vaccination reduced HBV infection Suggestive evidence indicated that targeted vaccination decreased the rate of hepatitis B surface antibody positivity and booster doses increased seroprotection in people aged 10-20. Weak evidence suggests potential local/systemic reaction risk with nucleotide analogs or HBsAg-1018. Convincing evidence shows HLA-DPB1*04:01 and DPB1*04:02 increased, while DPB1*05:01 decreased, hepatitis B antibody response. Obesity may reduce HepB seroprotection, as highly suggested. CONCLUSION: Targeted vaccination could effectively reduce HBV infection, and adjuvant and booster vaccinations enhance seroprotection without significant reaction. Factors such as obesity and genetic polymorphisms may affect the efficacy.

In vitroapplication of drug-loaded hydrogel combined with 3D-printed porous scaffolds.

Titanium mesh and three-dimensional titanium alloy scaffolds play a key role in addressing oral and maxillofacial bone defects, which can provide a specific environment and structure for bone growth and development. The two main causes of implant surgery failure are aseptic loosening and bacterial-induced implant-associated infections. To make bone defect implants effective for a long time, the ideal scaffold should take into account the two functions of osseointegration and anti-infection. Therefore, on the basis of the low-elastic-modulus Ti-10Ta-2Nb-2Zr (TTNZ) alloys developed by the research group in the early stage, this study intends to combine the vancomycin-loaded hydrogel with the 3D-printed through-hole porous titanium alloy scaffold to endow 3D-printed TTNZ scaffolds with antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties of the complex were investigated by the zone of inhibition test and the adhesion/free antibacterial test. The effects of the composite system on osseointegration were investigated from the aspects of cell adhesion, cell proliferation and osteogenesis-related gene expression. The results showed that loading 2.5 wt.% and 5 wt.% vancomycin did not affect the structure of chitosan-hyaluronic acid hydrogel. The properties of the hydrogels were examined by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, degradation experimentin vitroand vancomycin release experimentin vitro. When combined with porous scaffolds, the drug-loaded hydrogels exhibited slower drug release rates and longer release times. In addition,in vitrostudies found that the TTNZ scaffolds loaded with 5 wt.% vancomycin had a certain effect on the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in cells, but the antibacterial effect was the best. The porous scaffolds loaded with 2.5 wt.% vancomycin hydrogel TTNZ scaffolds did not inhibit cell proliferation, adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteogenesis-related gene ex-pression, but the antibacterial effect on free bacteria was not as good as that of TTNZ scaffolds loaded with 5 wt.% vancomycin. This study, complementing the advantages of the two and controlling the local release rate of vancomycin, provides a new idea for future 3D printing of titanium alloy stents for anti-infection.