A brain-spine interface alleviating gait deficits after spinal cord injury in primates.

Spinal cord injury disrupts the communication between the brain and the spinal circuits that orchestrate movement. To bypass the lesion, brain-computer interfaces have directly linked cortical activity to electrical stimulation of muscles, and have thus restored grasping abilities after hand paralysis. Theoretically, this strategy could also restore control over leg muscle activity for walking. However, replicating the complex sequence of individual muscle activation patterns underlying natural and adaptive locomotor movements poses formidable conceptual and technological challenges. Recently, it was shown in rats that epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbar spinal cord can reproduce the natural activation of synergistic muscle groups producing locomotion. Here we interface leg motor cortex activity with epidural electrical stimulation protocols to establish a brain-spine interface that alleviated gait deficits after a spinal cord injury in non-human primates. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were implanted with an intracortical microelectrode array in the leg area of the motor cortex and with a spinal cord stimulation system composed of a spatially selective epidural implant and a pulse generator with real-time triggering capabilities. We designed and implemented wireless control systems that linked online neural decoding of extension and flexion motor states with stimulation protocols promoting these movements. These systems allowed the monkeys to behave freely without any restrictions or constraining tethered electronics. After validation of the brain-spine interface in intact (uninjured) monkeys, we performed a unilateral corticospinal tract lesion at the thoracic level. As early as six days post-injury and without prior training of the monkeys, the brain-spine interface restored weight-bearing locomotion of the paralysed leg on a treadmill and overground. The implantable components integrated in the brain-spine interface have all been approved for investigational applications in similar human research, suggesting a practical translational pathway for proof-of-concept studies in people with spinal cord injury.

Levodopa improves motor deficits but can further disrupt cognition in a macaque Parkinson model.

BACKGROUND: Levodopa effectively relieves motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), but has had inconsistent effects on cognition, even worsening some aspects of cognitive functioning. Therefore, remediation of PD cognitive deficits is a major unmet need. However, drug development efforts have been hampered by lack of an animal model in which motor and cognitive deficits can be examined simultaneously. METHODS: Cynomolgus monkeys were trained to perform cognitive tasks and then chronically exposed to MPTP to slowly produce cognitive and motor deficits of parkinsonism. RESULTS: Administration of L-dopa to these animals dose dependently improved motor functioning, but did not significantly improve cognitive performance. At doses that maximally improved motor function, additional cognitive deficits were observed. The present model of MPTP-induced parkinsonism recapitulates important motor and cognitive aspects of PD. Results with L-dopa mirror data derived from PD patients. CONCLUSION: This model should allow more efficient testing of potential PD therapeutics to evaluate motor and cognitive functions simultaneously. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society.

Research progress on the effect of new anti-seizure medications on cognitive function / 临床神经病学杂志

Epilepsy is a kind of brain dysfunction syndrome characterized by paroxysmal,transient,repetitive and rigid characteristics caused by abnormal discharge of highly synchronized neurons in the brain.Epilepsy is often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction.At present,anti-seizure medications are the most important methods of clinical treatment.Most of the traditional anti-seizure medications can cause cognitive dysfunction,and the influence of new anti-seizure medications on cognitive function is not completely clear.This paper reviews the influence of new anti-seizure medications on cognitive function and the possible related mechanisms of action based on relevant literature at home and abroad.It is expected that clinicians should pay attention to cognitive function in the process of diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy,and help clinicians realize the influence of anti-seizure medications on cognitive function,and rationally choose anti-seizure medications for patients.

Construction and validation of a model for predicting the risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest in emergency rooms / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:The predictive model of cardiac arrest in the emergency room was constructed and validated based on Logistic regression.Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study. Patients admitted to the emergency room of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2020 to July 2021 were included. The general information, vital signs, clinical symptoms, and laboratory examination results of the patients were collected, and the outcome was cardiac arrest within 24 hours. The patients were randomly divided into modeling and validation group at a ratio of 7:3. LASSO regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to select predictive factors and construct a prediction model for cardiac arrest in the emergency room. The value of the prediction model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results:A total of 784 emergency room patients were included in the study, 384 patients occurred cardiac arrest. The 10 variables were ultimately selected to construct a risk prediction model for cardiac arrest: Logit( P)= -4.503+2.159×modified early warning score (MEWS score)+2.095×chest pain+1.670×abdominal pain+ 2.021×hematemesis+2.015×cold extremities+5.521×endotracheal intubation+0.388×venous blood lactate-0.100×albumin+0.768×K ++0.001×D-dimer. The AUC of the model group was 0.984 (95% CI: 0.976-0.993) and that of the validation group was 0.972 (95% CI: 0.951-0.993). This prediction model demonstrates good calibration, discrimination, and clinical applicability. Conclusions:Based on the MEWS score, chest pain, abdominal pain, hematemesis, cold extremities, tracheal intubation, venous blood lactate, albumin, K +, and D-dimer, a predictive model for cardiac arrest in the in-hospital emergency room was constructed to predict the probability of cardiac arrest in emergency room patients and adjust the treatment strategy in time.

Predictive value of early lactate/albumin ratio in the prognosis of sepsis / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of early serum lactate, albumin, and lactate/albumin ratio (L/A) on the 28-day prognosis of adult patients with sepsis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult patients with sepsis admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January to December in 2020. Gender, age, comorbidities, lactate within 24 hours of admission, albumin, L/A, interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and 28-day prognosis were recorded. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the predictive value of lactate, albumin and L/A for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Subgroup analysis of patients was performed according to the best cut-off value, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were drawn, and the 28-day cumulative survival of patients with sepsis was analyzed.Results:A total of 274 patients with sepsis were included, and 122 patients died at 28 days, with a 28-day mortality of 44.53%. Compared with the survival group, the age, the proportion of pulmonary infection, the proportion of shock, lactate, L/A and IL-6 in the death group were significantly increased, and albumin was significantly decreased [age (years): 65 (51, 79) vs. 57 (48, 73), pulmonary infection: 75.4% vs. 53.3%, shock: 37.7% vs. 15.1%, lactate (mmol/L): 4.76 (2.95, 9.23) vs. 2.21 (1.44, 3.19), L/A: 0.18 (0.10, 0.35) vs. 0.08 (0.05, 0.11), IL-6 (ng/L): 337.00 (97.73, 2 318.50) vs. 55.88 (25.26, 150.65), albumin (g/L): 27.68 (21.02, 33.03) vs. 29.62 (25.25, 34.23), all P < 0.05]. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of lactate, albumin, and L/A were 0.794 (95% CI was 0.741-0.840), 0.589 (95% CI was 0.528-0.647), 0.807 (95% CI was 0.755-0.852) for predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis patients. The optimal diagnostic cut-off value of lactate was 4.07 mmol/L, the sensitivity was 57.38%, the specificity was 92.76%. The optimal diagnostic cut-off value of albumin was 22.28 g/L, the sensitivity was 31.15%, the specificity was 92.76%. The optimal diagnostic cut-off of L/A was 0.16, the sensitivity was 54.92%, and the specificity was 95.39%. Subgroup analysis showed that the 28-day mortality of sepsis patients in the L/A > 0.16 group was significantly higher than that in the L/A ≤ 0.16 group [90.5% (67/74) vs. 27.5% (55/200), P < 0.001]. The 28-day mortality of sepsis patients in the albumin ≤ 22.28 g/L group was significantly higher than that in the albumin > 22.28 g/L group [77.6% (38/49) vs. 37.3% (84/225), P < 0.001]. The 28-day mortality in the group with lactate > 4.07 mmol/L was significantly higher than that in the group with lactate ≤ 4.07 mmol/L [86.4% (70/81) vs. 26.9% (52/193), P < 0.001]. The three were consistent with the analysis results of Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Conclusion:The early serum lactate, albumin, and L/A were all valuable in predicting the 28-day prognosis of patients with sepsis, and L/A was better than lactate and albumin.

Application research of multi-dimensional interaction combined with PBL teaching in emergency and critical care nursing practice teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the value of multi-dimensional interaction combined with problem-based learning (PBL) teaching in the nursing practice teaching of emergency and critical care.Methods:A total of 110 nursing students who practiced in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the control group, and the traditional teaching was adopted. In addition, 89 nursing students who practiced from June 2020 to December 2020 were selected as the research group, and multi-dimensional interaction combined with PBL teaching was adopted. The teaching quality was assessed through the comprehensive scores of the nursing students (departure examination + regular performance assessment) and nursing students' feedback on the teaching. SPSS 22.0 was used for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The comprehensive scores of the nursing students in the research group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the nursing students in the research group believed that multi-dimensional interaction combined with PBL teaching could improve nursing knowledge and skills, overall clinical nursing ability, self-management ability, clinical thinking ability, and the ability to analyze, judge and solve clinical nursing problems, group cooperation ability, communication ability between doctors, nurses and patients, emergency ability and rescue ability, and professional quality, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Multi-dimensional interaction combined with PBL teaching can improve the theoretical and clinical practice level of nursing interns, and at the same time help to cultivate nursing talents with excellent comprehensive quality.

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on attention to the cues for male patients with alcohol use disorder after acute withdrawal / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on cue attention in male patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) after the acute withdrawal.Methods:A total of 90 male patients AUD who were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Psychiatric Hospital of Yunnan province from May 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled, then they were divided into study group and control group using random number table.Because 18 cases fell out during the study, 36 cases were included in each of the two groups.After the alcohol withdrawal syndrome eliminated, the study group received high-frequency rTMS at 10 Hz for 14 consecutive days, and the control group was administrated by sham rTMS.At baseline and after true or sham rTMS, the cognitive psychology experiment Oddball paradigm was completed, and the behavioral data of the subjects were collected.Paired-sample t-test was used to compare the changes of the two groups before and after treatment.Data analysis were conducted using SPSS 21.0 software. Results:There was no statistical difference between the study group and the control group in terms of drinking level, cognition level and demographic data(all P>0.05). In the Oddball paradigm, compared with the control group((526.72±75.30)ms, (0.98±0.02))the reaction time((497.93±64.51)ms, t=3.145, P=0.008) and accuracy rate((0.99±0.01), t=-2.803, P=0.016) in alcohol-related cues were significantly improved in the study group after rTMS intervention, but in the control group, there were no statistical differences(both P>0.05), whether the cue was alcohol related or not. Conclusion:The results suggest that the rTMS can enhance the attention bias of alcohol-related cues and change the impulse process partly.

Customized orthotic insoles improve the gait and balance of hemiplegic stroke survivors more effectively than an ankle-foot orthosis / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of customized orthotic insoles on the gait and balance of hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors with gait abnormalities were randomly divided into a group fitted with ankle foot orthoses (AFO) ( n=30) and a group who received customized orthotic insoles ( n=30). All received conventional rehabilitation training for 4 weeks. Before the fitting, as well as 8 hours and 4 weeks afterward, both groups were evaluated using the Tinetti gait scale (TGS), the plantar pressure balance index, the difference in length between their right and left step, step width, the Timed Up and Go test (TUGT), the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment (FMA-LE), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), a trunk impairment scale (TIS), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Barthel Index (BI). Results:At 8 hours after the fitting all of the insole group′s measurements were better than those of the AFO group, on average, but the differences were not statistically significant. After 4 weeks the average TGS, balance index barefoot and wearing the orthosis, step length difference, BBS and BI of the insoles group were significantly better than the AFO group′s averages. The other indicators were not significantly different.Conclusions:Customized orthotic insoles are more effective than an AFO in relieving the biomechanical abnormalities in hemiplegic patients′ feet and ankles, and enhancing their balance and gait.

Effect of rTMS combined with CBT on alcohol craving and cognitive function in patients with alcohol dependence / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) on the cognitive function and alcohol craving in patients with alcohol dependence.Methods:From March 2019 to September 2021, a total of 150 patients with alcohol dependence were enrolled and randomly divided into rTMS treatment group (rTMS+ sham CBT, n=41), CBT treatment group (CBT+ sham rTMS, n=34), rTMS+ CBT treatment group( n=36) and control group (sham rTMS+ sham CBT, n=39). At baseline (before treatment), 2nd week, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week, alcohol dependence scale (ADS) was used to evaluate the degree of alcohol dependence, the obsessive compulsive drinking scale (OCDS) was used to assess patients' drinking craving, and Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) was used to assess the overall cognitive level of patients.SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used to compare the differences of ADS, OCDS and MoCA scale scores of the four groups by repeated measure ANOVA and simple effect analysis. Results:(1)The patients in the four groups were evaluated with ADS scale at baseline, 12th week and 24th week respectively.The interaction of group×time( F=1.279, P=0.279) and the main effect of group were not significant ( F=0.882, P=0.454), and the main effect of time was significant ( F=12.925, P<0.001) .Further simple effect analysis showed that the ADS score of rTMS+ CBT group was lower than that of baseline(14.48±5.70, 10.00±6.51) ( P=0.01) at 24th week.(2)Patients in the four groups were assessed with OCDs scale at baseline, 2nd week, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week, and the interaction of group×time was significant ( F=2.015, P=0.042). Further simple effect analysis showed that the OCDs scores of rTMS group and rTMS+ CBT group at each follow-up time node were lower than those at baseline period (all P<0.05). (3)Patients in the four groups were assessed with MoCA scale at baseline, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week, and the interaction of group×time was not significant ( F=1.660, P=0.106), and the main effect of group and the main effect of time were significant ( F=2.964, P=0.038; F=14.239, P<0.001). Further simple effect analysis showed that the score of MoCA scale in CBT group at the 24th week was higher than that at baseline (21.73±5.81, 24.60±3.98)( P=0.029), the score of MoCA scale in rTMS+ CBT group at the 24th week was higher than that at the 8th week (23.50±6.01, 25.95±2.87) ( P=0.006), and the score of MoCA scale in rTMS group at the 12th week was higher than that in control group (22.08±6.64, 26.64±2.46)( P=0.009). Conclusion:rTMS combined with CBT can be effective in improving alcohol craving and cognitive function in patients with alcohol dependence, and has a good long-term effect.

Mental health and influencing factors among residents under standardized residency training during the epidemic of COVID-19 / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo analyze the mental health status and the influencing factors among the residents taking standardized residency training during the outbreak and stable period of COVID-19， so as to provide theoretical basis for their mental health education. MethodsOn February 8 to February 10 and April 11 to April 13， 2020， Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）， Beck Srivastava Stress Inventory （BSSI） and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ） were distributed in online chat groups involving all grades of residents taking standardized residency training in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. Through two rounds of questionnaire survey， non-probability sampling method was used to obtain survey samples， and their mental status were analyzed. ResultsA total of 159 valid questionnaires were collected in the first round， and 99 valid questionnaires in the second round. The first survey showed that the total score of SCL-90 was （117.69±37.74） and the detection rate of positive symptoms in SCL-90 was 25.8%， and mainly dominated by obsession， fear and interpersonal sensitivity. In the second survey， the results showed that the total score of SCL-90 was （127.19±51.44）， and the main positive symptoms included obsession， depression and interpersonal sensitivity， with a positive detection rate of 30.3 %. The first survey found that the mental health status had significant differences among residents of different grades （χ2=7.46， P<0.05）， furthermore， the results indicated that lower grade was a risk factor while non-singleton was the protective factor of mental health status （P<0.05）， and SCL-90 total score was positively correlated with score of negative coping styles （r=0.45， P<0.01）. The second survey also classified lower grade as risk factor and non-singleton as protective factor （P<0.05）， and SCL-90 total score was positively correlated with study stress， economic pressure， interpersonal relationship， clinical practice and negative coping styles （r=0.52， 0.46， 0.55， 0.54， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionResidents under standardized residency training have obvious mental health problems during the outbreak of COVID-19， and the problems become more serious during the stable period of COVID-19.

Evaluation of volume response value in patients with septic shock by mechanical ventilation combined with ultrasound / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of mechanical ventilation combined with ultrasound in evaluating the volume reactivity of patients with septic shock.Methods:A prospective study was performed, and 59 patients with septic shock who were admitted to the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from October 2016 to February 2018 were included according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. First, end-expiratory block test (EEO) and end-inhalation block test (EIO) were performed, followed by volume expansion test (VE) (intravenous infusion of 250 mL saline for 10 min), with cardiac index (CI) change value after VE (ΔCI)≥15% for volume-responsive group (37 cases), ΔCI<15% for volume-free group (22 cases), Vigileo-FloTrac system was used to continuously monitor EEO, EIO, and VE before and after changes in hemodynamic parameters, such as central venous pressure (CVP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume variation (SVV), CI, and improved inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) and respiratory variability index (RVI). The values of predicted capacity reactivity such as changes in CVP, MAP, SVV, CI, and RVI before and after EIO were evaluated, and the relationship between EEO, EIO, and capacity reactivity was analyzed by ROC curve.Results:There was no significant difference between MAP and CI in the response group and non-response group after EEO, EIO and VE intervention ( P>0.05). EEO-ΔSVV, EEO-ΔRVI, EEO-ΔCVP, EIO-ΔSVV and EIO-ΔRVI were compared between the reaction group and the non-reaction group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); In the correlation analysis, EEO-ΔRVI and EIO-ΔRVI were correlated with VE-ΔRVI ( r=0.695, P<0.01; r=-0.489, P<0.01); EEO-ΔCVP and VE-ΔCVP were correlated ( r=0.566, P<0.01); EEO-ΔSVV, EIO-ΔSVV are related to VE-ΔSVV ( r=0.842, P<0.01; r= -0.727, P<0.01), and the ROC curve showed ( AUCEEO-ΔSVV=0.890, 95% CI: 0.792-0.988), showed AUCEEO-ΔSVV> AUCEEO-ΔRVI> AUCEIO-ΔSVV> AUCEIO-ΔRVI> AUCEEO-ΔCVP. Conclusions:EEO and EIO combined with ultrasound have certain clinical value in the evaluation of volume responsiveness in patients with septic shock, and the evaluation value of SVV and RVI is superior to CVP, MAP, and CI.

Clinical characteristics analyses of multiple myeloma with peripheral neuropathy / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and nerve electrophysiological abnormalities of the patients with multiple myeloma peripheral neuropathy (MMPN). Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with MMPN diagnosed in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital from March 2010 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received nerve electrophysiology examination, including nerve conductive velocity (NCV) and skin sympathetic response (SSR). Results The most common symptoms of peripheral nerve involvement for MMPN patients were sensory abnormalities (25 cases, 71%), including root pains (3 cases, 9%), pain ablation of the upper or lower limbs (18 cases, 51%), dyskinesia (15 cases, 43%), disappeared or reduced knee or ankle reflex (13 cases, 37%) and automatic sympathetic disorders (20 cases, 57%). Nerve electrophysiological tests showed 29 cases (83%) were involved in abnormal sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) or motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), including 13 cases of upper limb abnormality in NCV, 5 cases of prolonged incubation in upper limb, and 10 cases of decreased amplitude;8 cases of lower limb abnormality in NCV, 6 cases of prolonged incubation in lower limb, and 4 cases of decreased amplitude. SSR test showed abnormalities were found in 17 patients (49%), including 8 cases of upper limb abnormality in SRR, 2 cases of prolonged incubation in upper limb, and 7 cases of decreased amplitude, 1 case of disappeared waveform; 6 cases of lower limb abnormality in SRR, 1 case of prolonged incubation in lower limb, and 4 cases of decreased amplitude, 2 cases of disappeared waveform; 3 cases of abnormal upper and lower limbs. Conclusions The most common peripheral nerve damages of MM are "sock and gloveˉlike" sensory ablation, accompanied with the involvement of automatic nerve damage. NCV is the major method to diagnose MMPN, and SSR plays an important role in the detection of sympathetic nerve damage of MMPN.

Recent advance in pain experience in patients with vegetable state and minimally conscious state / 中华神经医学杂志

The pain experience of patients with vegetative state and minimally conscious state is a problem that plagues clinical management and decision making.This article reviews the pain experience-related behavioral scales,neuroimaging,and neuroelectrophysiological studies in patients with this particular type of disorder of consciousness.

Effects of memantine and galantamine on cognitive performance in aged rhesus macaques.

Current pharmacotherapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are focused on improving performance of daily activities, personal care, and management of problematic behaviors. Both memantine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate channel blocker and galantamine, a selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, are currently prescribed as symptomatic therapies for AD. However, drugs that progressed directly from testing in rodent models to testing in AD patients in clinical trials failed to demonstrate consistent effects on cognitive symptoms. Considering the lack of nonhuman primate data on the effects of memantine and galantamine alone or in combination on cognitive dysfunction in aged nonhuman primates, the present study examined how closely data derived from aged nonhuman primates reflects data obtained in humans. Mild beneficial effects on aspects of cognitive performance in aged primates were found, in general agreement with the human clinical experience with these drugs but in contrast to the more positive effects reported in the rodent literature. These data suggest that the nonhuman primate might have more predictive validity for drug development in this area than comparable rodent assays.

The epidemiological investigation of alcohol dependence in Pumi people of Ninglang area / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related characteristics of alcohol dependence in the Pumi people of Ninglang area in Yunnan Province.Methods By stratified multistage cluster randomization,542 residents were interviewed by psychiatrists using the structural questionnaire MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview.Results The prevalence of drinking in the study were 37.3％,13.6％ and 22.5％ for the male,female and the total sample.There were significant differences of alcohol dependence between males and females (x2 =304.310,P＜0.01) in which males were significantly higher than those in females.The current prevalence of alcohol dependence in Pumi people was 4.8％(95％CI=3.0％-6.6％),and standardized current prevalence was 3.3％.The current prevalence of alcohol dependence in males was 9.3％,which was significantly higher than that (2.1％) in females (x2 =14.613,P＜0.01).The prevalence of alcohol dependence in the Pumi people was 6.1％ in the 21-30 years old,and 8.6％ in the 51-60 years old.There were one case of major depression,one case of panic disorder,and five cases of insomnia.Conclusion The prevalence of alcohol dependence in Pumi people of Ninglang areas is high.Alcohol dependence has become one of the most common mental disorders and the public health problem.It is necessary to carry out prevention research in the future.

The epidemiological investigation of major depressive disorder and dysthymia in mosuo ethnic minority of Ninglang area, Yunnan province / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the prevalence of depressive disorder in the Mosuo ethnic minority in Ninglang district,Yunnan Province.Methods By stratified random sampling,1 121 Mosuo subjects aged 15 or above were selected and assessed by the MINI-international neuropsychiatric interview according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V-TR Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition for mental disorders.Results The standardized time-point prevalence of major depressive disorder in Mosuo nationality was 1.74％,and 1.69％ (95 ％ CI =1.32％-2.15 ％) in males and 1.77％ (95 ％ CI =1.39％-2.15 ％) in females.There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of major depressive disorder between males and females (x2 =0.051,P＞0.05).The standardized time-point prevalence of dysthymic disorder in Mosuo nationality was 0.78％,and 0.66％ (95％ CI=0.54％-0.78％) in males and 0.88％ (95％ CI=0.74％-1.02％) in females (x2=1.232,P＞0.05).Those aged 40-54 years old had the highest adjusted prevalence of depressive episodes(1.48％ (95％CI=0.77％-2.18％)).Conclusion The prevalence of depressive disorder in Mosuo nationality is in a low level,and the middle-age Mosuo people has the highest time-point prevalence.

The association of catechol-O-methyl transferase gene polymorphism with the clinical efficacy of risperidone in the treatment and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene polymorphism and the clinical efficacy and cognitive function of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia.Methods 105 cases of Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia who were treated with risperidone for 12 weeks and healthy controls of 168 cases were collected.The effect of the drug therapy with the PANSS,digit vigilance test,Raven Standard Progressive Matrices,forward and backward subtests of the digit span test were evaluated,and then the rs 165599,rs4680,rs6267,rs737865 loci in COMT gene were detected.Results (1)rs737865 was not the polymorphic locus in this sample.(2) There was statistically significant between schizophrenia patients and controls in the distribution of allele frequency and genotype frequency in rs4680 (x2=8.16,P=0.02).Haplotype GA in rs165599-rs4680 was statistically significant in schizophrenia patients and controls (x2 =4.35,P =0.04).(3) After treatment,the total score ((47.64±5.75) points),subscale scores (positive symptoms (11.66±2.90) points,negative symptoms (13.79±3.18)points,general psychotic symptoms (22.09±3.59) points) and scores of five factors model in PANSS decreased and the difference was significant (P＜0.05);the scores of digital cancellation test increased significantly compared with those before treatment(t value respectively were 12.34,10.17,4.34,all P＜0.05);the scores of forward and backward subtests of the digit span test were significantly increased compared with those before treatment (t=-5.57,P=0.00) and Raven standard reasoning test scores had increased significant (t=-19.05,P=0.00).(4) The difference of instantaneous memory score changes among rs 165599 genotypes was statistically significant after treatment (F=4.06,P=0.02).(5) The difference of negative syndromes of PANSS among rs 165599 genotypes was statistically significant after treatment (F=3.11,P=0.049).(6) The difference of negative symptoms (F=4.64,P=0.01),cognitive impairment (F=3.21,P =0.045) and instantaneous memory (F=4.86,P=0.03) among rs 6267 genotype were statistically significant after treatment.Condusion Risperidone can effectively improve the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia patients,and promote the recovery of cognitive function.Rs165599-rs4680 haplotype GA might be risk factor for the onset of schizophrenia.

Effect of different positive end-expiratory pressure levels on stroke volume variations in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with mechanical ventilation / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of different PEEP levels on stroke volume variation (SVV) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treated with mechanical ventilation for predicting cardiac pre-load and the changes of hemodynamics.Methods Thirty critical patients with ARDS met the new criteria in 2012 set at European Berlin were enrolled in this study with measured values (MV) in EICU from September 2012 to October 2013.The changes in SVV and cardiac output (CO) monitored with Vigileo system were determined at different selected PEEE levels of 5,7,9,11,13,15 mmHg.At the same time,MAP and CVP were measured.Results Variation of PEEP levels led to a significant changes in SVV,CO (P ＜ 0.01).However,there were no significant differences in MAP (P =0.933).Changes of SVV induced by high PEEP showed a S shape rise,but there were no differences between groups PEEP 5 and PEEP 7,and as well as between groups PEEP 13 and PEEP 15 (P ＜0.05).The changes of CO showed a downtrend decline with the increase in PEEP levels.When PEEP was set at 13 mmHg and higher,the value of SVV denoted pre-load insufficiency.When PEEP was set at 11 mmHg or higher,cardiac output decreased.CVP could not predict the changes of pre-load.Conclusion Increase in PEEP levels can significantly reduce the cardiac pre-load.SVV can be a useful indicator of the changes in cardiac pre-load induced by high PEEP,suggesting fluid replacement necessary in time.

Value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in predicting prognosis of patients with sepsis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the predictive value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) in the improvement of survival rate in patients with severe sepsis.Methods There was a prospective case-control study in 50 patients with severe sepsis from October 2014 to October 2015.According to the international guidelines for severe sepsis and septic shock set in 2012,all patients were divided into sepsis group (n =16),severe sepsis group (n =14) and septic shock group (n =20),and these patients were further divided into to survival group (n =22) and non-survival group (n =28) as per patients surviving within 28 days.Gender,age,ethnic,and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score (APACHE Ⅱ) were recorded.H-FABP,B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP),creatine kinase (CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB),and troponin-T (cTn-T) were determined within 6 hours after admission.The statistical software SPSS21.0 was used to do t test,test,and the receiver operating characteristic curve for comparison between groups.Results H-FABP in septic shock group was higher than severe sepsis group and sepsis group (P ＜ 0.01).The 28-day mortality of septic group (80％) and severe sepsis group (71.4％) were higher than sepsis group (12.5％) (P ＜ 0.01).Non-survival' s H-FABP,BNP,cTn-T,CK,CKMB was higher than survivals (P ＜ 0.05).Through the ROC of H-FABP (AUC=0.748,P=0.003,95％ C I:0.605-0.890) and BNP (AUC =0.714,P=0.010,95％ CI:0.573-0.856),it shows that H-FABP is better than BNP.when H-FABP take 9.902 ng/mL,the sensitivity of 82.1％,specificity of 63.6％.H-FABP,BNP has a certain value in 28-day mortality prediction.Conclusions Sepsis shock has significantly higher 28-day mortality than sepsis and severe sepsis.Compared with BNP,H-FABP has greater predictive value in sepsis patients,it will increase along with the aggravation of the disease;it can also predict 28-day mortality.

Clinical study of the predictive value of the IL-9 cytokines in the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the predictive value of IL-9 cytokines in the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods According to Berlin definition of ARDS published in 2012,data of 28 patients with ARDS and another 22 healthy subjects as control were collected for prospective study from June,2013 to July,2014.Of them,there were 23 patients with severe pneumonia,1 patient with acute mercury poisoning,2 patients with severe acute pancreatitis,2 patients with acute paraquat poisoning.The survivors of ARDS patients were followed up.The ARDS patients were divided into moderate group (n =18) and severe group (n =10) as per the severity of the disease diagnosed at the first day after admission.And the ARDS patients were also divided into non-survival group (n =15) and survival group (n =13) according to the ARDS patients survived for 28 days.Three mLs of peripheral venous blood were collected in the early morning from fasted ARDS patients on the first and the third day after diagnosis of ARDS confirmed,and those of healthy subjects were collected on the first day after admission.The IL-9 cytokine level of peripheral venous blood detected by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The comparisons of levels of IL-9 cytokine were carried out between ARDS group and control group on the first day after diagnosis of ARDS established,between moderate group and severe group on the first day and the third day,and between survival group and non-survival group.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of IL-9 as a prognostic indicator in the early stage of ARDS.Data were analyzed by using SPSS 19.0 software.Results On the first day after diagnosis of ARDS,there were no statistically significant differences in age,APACHE Ⅱ score,procalcitonin (PCT),C-reactive protein (CRP),white blood cell count,lactate,and albumin between survival group and non-survival group (P ＞ 0.05).PH value in non-survival group was significantly lower than that in survival group (P＜0.05).IL-9 cytokine level of peripheral venous serum in ARDS group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in IL-9 level of peripheral venous serum both between moderate group and severe group and between survival group and non-survival group (P ＞ 0.05).On the third day,IL-9 level in severe group was significantly higher than that in moderate group (P ＜ 0.05),and that in survival group was significantly lower than that in non-survival group (P ＜ 0.05).The ROC of IL-9 at the first day for predicting mortality had all area under curve (AUC) to be 0.579 (95％ CI 0.361-0.798,P ＞ 0.05).The ROC of IL-9 on the third day for predicting mortality had AUC of 0.769 (95％ CI 0.592-0.947,P ＜ 0.05).When the cut-off value of IL-9 for the death followed up for 28 day' s was 2.88 pg/mL,the sensitivity was 86.7％,and the specificity was 61.5％.Conclusions IL-9 levels of in patients with ARDS were significantly higher,and IL-9 level can be helpful for the assessment of ARDS severity in the early stage,and for prognosis as well.