Chiral 3D Perovskite Formation Induced by Chiral Templates.

Chiral 3D perovskites pose challenges compared to lower-dimensional variants due to limited chiral organic cation options. Here, we present a universal and controlled method for synthesizing chiral 3D lead halide perovskites using organic amines or alcohols as chiral templates. Introducing these templates to PbCl2 in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) under acidic conditions induces the crystallization of R/S [DMA]PbCl3 (DMA = dimethylamine). The resulting structure aligns with the templates used, stemming from the helical Pb2Cl95- chain as verified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the chiral perovskite exhibits absorption and circular dichroism (CD) signals in the high-energy band, enabling the circularly polarized light (CPL) detection in the UV spectrum. A CPL detector constructed by this chiral perovskite demonstrates excellent performance, boasting an anisotropy factor for photocurrent (gIph) of 0.296. Our work not only introduces a novel and controllable method for crafting chiral perovskites but also opens new avenues for circularly polarized light detection.

Ocular A-to-I RNA editing signatures associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Ophthalmic manifestations have recently been observed in acute and post-acute complications of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our precious study has shown that host RNA editing is linked to RNA viral infection, yet ocular adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing during SARS-CoV-2 infection remains uninvestigated in COVID-19. Herein we used an epitranscriptomic pipeline to analyze 37 samples and investigate A-to-I editing associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in five ocular tissue types including the conjunctiva, limbus, cornea, sclera, and retinal organoids. Our results revealed dramatically altered A-to-I RNA editing across the five ocular tissues. Notably, the transcriptome-wide average level of RNA editing was increased in the cornea but generally decreased in the other four ocular tissues. Functional enrichment analysis showed that differential RNA editing (DRE) was mainly in genes related to ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, transcriptional regulation, and RNA splicing. In addition to tissue-specific RNA editing found in each tissue, common RNA editing was observed across different tissues, especially in the innate antiviral immune gene MAVS and the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2. Analysis in retinal organoids further revealed highly dynamic RNA editing alterations over time during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study thus suggested the potential role played by RNA editing in ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19, and highlighted its potential transcriptome impact, especially on innate immunity.

F11R RNA trinucleotide over-edited by ADAR in gastric and colorectal cancers: Cross-cohort validation, gene expression regulation, and diagnostic significance.

The F11 receptor (F11R) gene encoding junctional adhesion molecule A has been associated with gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), in which its role and regulation remain to be further elucidated. Recently F11R was also identified as a potential target of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) mediated by the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Herein, using RNA-Seq and experimental validation, our current study revealed an F11R RNA trinucleotide over-edited by ADAR, with its regulation of gene expression and clinical significance in four GC and three CRC cohorts. Our results found an over-edited AAA trinucleotide in an AluSg located in the F11R 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), which showed editing levels correlated with elevated ADAR expression across all GC and CRC cohorts in our study. Overexpression and knockdown of ADAR in GC and CRC cells, followed by RNA-Seq and Sanger sequencing, confirmed the ADAR-mediated F11R 3'-UTR trinucleotide editing, which potentially disrupted an RBM45 binding site identified by crosslinking immunoprecipitation sequencing (CLIP-seq) and regulated F11R expression in luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, the F11R trinucleotide editing showed promising predictive performance for diagnosing GC and CRC across GC and CRC cohorts. Our findings thus highlight both the potential biological and clinical significance of an ADAR-edited F11R trinucleotide in GC and CRC, providing new insights into its application as a novel diagnostic biomarker for both cancers.

Dysregulated RNA editing of EIF2AK2 in polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical relevance and functional implications.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive ages. Our previous study has implicated a possible link between RNA editing and PCOS, yet the actual role of RNA editing, its association with clinical features, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: Ten RNA-Seq datasets containing 269 samples of multiple tissue types, including granulosa cells, T helper cells, placenta, oocyte, endometrial stromal cells, endometrium, and adipose tissues, were retrieved from public databases. Peripheral blood samples were collected from twelve PCOS and ten controls and subjected to RNA-Seq. Transcriptome-wide RNA-Seq data analysis was conducted to identify differential RNA editing (DRE) between PCOS and controls. The functional significance of DRE was evaluated by luciferase reporter assays and overexpression in human HEK293T cells. Dehydroepiandrosterone and lipopolysaccharide were used to stimulate human KGN granulosa cells to evaluate gene expression. RESULTS: RNA editing dysregulations across multiple tissues were found to be associated with PCOS in public datasets. Peripheral blood transcriptome analysis revealed 798 DRE events associated with PCOS. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, our results revealed a set of hub DRE events in PCOS blood. A DRE event in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 (EIF2AK2:chr2:37,100,559) was associated with PCOS clinical features such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and the ratio of LH over follicle-stimulating hormone. Luciferase assays, overexpression, and knockout of RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase RNA specific (ADAR) showed that the ADAR-mediated editing cis-regulated EIF2AK2 expression. EIAF2AK2 showed a higher expression after dehydroepiandrosterone and lipopolysaccharide stimulation, triggering changes in the downstrean MAPK pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our study presented the first evidence of cross-tissue RNA editing dysregulation in PCOS and its clinical associations. The dysregulation of RNA editing mediated by ADAR and the disrupted target EIF2AK2 may contribute to PCOS development via the MPAK pathway, underlining such epigenetic mechanisms in the disease.

Effectively Enhancing the Conductance of Asymmetric Molecular Wires by Aligning the Energy Level and Symmetrizing the Coupling.

An asymmetric structure is an important strategy for designing highly conductive molecular wires for a gap-fixed molecular circuit. As the conductance enhancement in the current strategy is still limited to about 2 times, we inserted a methylene group as a spacer in a conjugated structure to modulate the structural symmetry. We found that the conductance drastically enhanced in the asymmetric molecular wire to 1.5 orders of magnitude as high as that in the symmetric molecular wire. First-principles quantum transport studies attributed the effective enhancement to the synchronization of improved energy alignment and nearly symmetric coupling between the frontier orbitals and the electrodes.

Naphthalimide-Modified Clusters for Red-Emitting Devices with High Color Purity.

Conventional fluorescent materials frequently exhibit narrow-band emissions with a small full width at half-maximum (fwhm) due to localized-state characteristics, but electroluminescence is less efficient owing to the utilization of only singlet excitons. In this work, taking advantage of naphthalimide (NAI)-acetylide derivatives with a rigid planar structure and localized transition characteristics, we elaborately designed two mononuclear Pt(II) complexes with weak double emissions of fluorescence and phosphorescence. Taking them as synthetic precursors, we prepared three PtAu2 heteronuclear clusters and successfully attained highly efficient narrow-band red phosphorescence with the fwhm below 30 nm. Both theoretical and experimental results suggest that the phosphorescence of PtAu2 clusters mainly originates from the naphthalimide-localized 3IL (intraligand) triplet state. Solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) achieved highly efficient narrow-band red electroluminescence with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.7%. The CIE coordinates of the electroluminescence (0.69, 0.31) closely match the standard red emission for ultrahigh-definition display.

Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosome Leptin promotes malignant biological lineage in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by regulating ABL2 via miR-224-3p.

BACKGROUND: Cancer-associated fibroblasts, as a major component of the tumor microenvironment, have been shown to exhibit protumorigenic effects in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Moreover, cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived exosomes have been reported to promote tumor development, but exact mechanisms have not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the processes by which exosomes generated from cancer-associated fibroblasts promote tumor growth. METHODS: twenty-one patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who evaluated preoperatively as potentially surgically resectable without distant metastasis and pathologically examined postoperatively as pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma were included. We determined the expression of Leptin as well as downstream proteins at the clinical and cellular levels. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosomes were characterised by nanoparticle transmission electron microscopy and tracking analysis. To ascertain the mechanism mediating the action of exosomal Leptin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we performed CCK-8 assay, colony formation assays, transwell and wound healing assays in PSN1 cells to evaluate cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Western blotting was used to detect the level of Leptin, ABL2 and exosome markers. qRT-PCR was employed to evaluate miR-224-3p. Cancer-associated fibroblasts markers and exosome uptake were verified by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Western blotting assays show that Leptin is present inside tissues and cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts stimulated PSN1 cells growth, migration and invasion in vitro by secreting the exosomal Leptin. Exosomal Leptin could regulate miR-224-3p, which targets negative regulation of ABL2. Inhibiting Leptin significantly limited PSN1 cells growth, migration and invasion. In vitro analyses revealed that miR-224-3p mimics mitigate the inhibitory effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts knockdown of Leptin on PSN1 cells development, but overexpression of ABL2 partly abolished the tumor-promoting phenotype of miR-224-3p mimics. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that cancer-associated fibroblasts mediate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development by regulating the miR-224-3p/ABL2 molecular axis through the secretion of the exosomal Leptin.

Comparing the effect of FUAS and myomectomy on the elasticity of myometrium around targeted uterine fibroid.

BACKGROUND: Focused ultrasound ablation surgery (FUAS) has been widely employed to treat patients with uterine fibroid (UF). This study aimed to estimate myometrial stiffness changes in patients who received FUAS for UFs or myomectomy (ME) and compare the recovery of surrounding myometrium between FUAS and ME groups. Our results may provide more evidence for guiding the proper conception timing in patients with UF. METHODS: This study enrolled 173 patients from May 2022 to August 2023. Shear wave elastography (SWE) was used to dynamically monitor myometrial elasticity changes in patients before and after surgery. Moreover, our study monitored and analyzed the stiffness changes in the targeted fibroid after FUAS, as well as in the myometrium around after FUAS or ME. RESULTS: The stiffness of the myometrium around the resected fibroid was significantly higher than at the preoperative level until 6 months. Conversely, the stiffness of the surrounding myometrium was only temporarily increased 1 day after FUAS. The comparison between FUAS and ME groups regarding the stiffness of the surrounding myometrium showed that nonsignificant differences were detected between the two groups before the treatment. The stiffness of the surrounding myometrium in the ME group was statistically significantly higher than that of the FUAS group 1 day as well as 1, 3, and 6 months after the treatment, respectively. CONCLUSION: The FUAS had less impact on the surrounding myometrium than the ME, which may be more conducive to the recovery of myometrial elasticity in patients with UF.

Long-term re-intervention after USgHIFU and prediction of NPVR in different ages of patients with uterine fibroids.

OBJECTIVE: Long-term re-intervention after ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) ablation was reported, and the prediction of non-perfusion volume ratio (NPVR) in differently aged patients with uterine fibroids (UFs) was explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with UFs who underwent USgHIFU ablation from January 2012 to December 2019 were enrolled and divided into < 40-year-old and ≥ 40-year-old groups. Cox regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of re-intervention rate, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the correlation between NPVR and re-intervention rate. RESULTS: A total of 2141 patients were enrolled, and 1558 patients were successfully followed up. The 10-year cumulative re-intervention rate was 21.9%, and the < 40-year-old group had a significantly higher rate than the ≥ 40-year-old group (30.8% vs. 19.1%, p < 0.001). NPVR was an independent risk factor in both two groups. When the NPVR reached 80.5% in the < 40-year-old group and 75.5% in the ≥ 40-year-old group, the risk of long-term re-intervention was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The long-term outcome of USgHIFU is promising. The re-intervention rate is related to NPVR in differently aged patients. Young patients need a high NPVR to reduce re-intervention risk.

Achieving NPVR ≥ 80% as technical success of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To report the long-term re-intervention of patients with uterine fibroids after ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) ablation and to analyse the influencing factors of re-intervention in patients in the NPVR ≥ 80% group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a single uterine fibroid who underwent USgHIFU at our hospital from January 2012 to December 2019 were enrolled. The patients were divided into four groups according to different nonperfusion volume ratio (NPVR). Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyse long-term re-intervention in different NPVR groups, and Cox regression was used to analyse the influencing factors of re-intervention in the NPVR ≥ 80% group. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1,257 patients were enrolled, of whom 920 were successfully followed up. The median follow-up time was 88 months, and the median NPVR was 85.0%. The cumulative re-intervention rates at 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 years after USgHIFU were 3.4%, 11.8%, 16.8%, 22.6% and 24.1%, respectively. The 10-year cumulative re-intervention rate was 37.3% in the NPVR < 70% group, 31.0% in the NPVR 70-79% group, 18.2% in the NPVR 80-89% group and 17.8% in the NPVR ≥ 90% group (P < 0.05). However, no difference was found between the group of NPVR 80-89% and the group of NPVR ≥ 90% (P = 0.499). Age of patients and signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) of tumours were found to be independent risk factors for long-term re-intervention in the NPVR ≥ 80% group. A younger age and greater signal intensity on T2W images corresponded to a greater risk of re-intervention. CONCLUSION: USgHIFU, an alternative treatment for uterine fibroids, has reliable long-term efficacy. NPVR ≥ 80% can be used as a sign of technical success, which can reduce re-intervention rates. However, an important step is to communicate with patients in combination with the age of patients and the signal intensity on T2WI of fibroids. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This retrospective study was approved by the ethics committee at our institution (Registration No. HF2023001; Date: 06/04/2023). The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry provided full approval for the study protocol (Registration No. CHiCTR2300074797; Date: 16/08/2023).

Epidemiologic features and therapeutic strategies of kerion: A nationwide multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: Kerion is a severe type of tinea capitis that is difficult to treat and remains a public health problem. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiologic features and efficacy of different treatment schemes from real-world experience. METHODS: From 2019 to 2021, 316 patients diagnosed with kerion at 32 tertiary Chinese hospitals were enrolled. We analysed the data of each patient, including clinical characteristics, causative pathogens, treatments and outcomes. RESULTS: Preschool children were predominantly affected and were more likely to have zoophilic infection. The most common pathogen in China was Microsporum canis. Atopic dermatitis (AD), animal contact, endothrix infection and geophilic pathogens were linked with kerion occurrence. In terms of treatment, itraconazole was the most applied antifungal agent and reduced the time to mycological cure. A total of 22.5% of patients received systemic glucocorticoids simultaneously, which reduced the time to complete symptom relief. Furthermore, glucocorticoids combined with itraconazole had better treatment efficacy, with a higher rate and shorter time to achieving mycological cure. CONCLUSIONS: Kerion often affects preschoolers and leads to serious sequelae, with AD, animal contact, and endothrix infection as potential risk factors. Glucocorticoids, especially those combined with itraconazole, had better treatment efficacy.

Abrogation of KLF5 sensitizes BRCA1-proficient pancreatic cancer to PARP inhibition.

Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor monotherapies are selectively effective in patients with pancreatic, breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers with BRCA1 mutations. Cancer patients with more frequent wild-type BRCA show poor responses to PARP inhibitors. Moreover, patients who are initially sensitive to these inhibitors eventually respond poorly to drugs. In the present study, we discover that abrogation of Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) significantly inhibits homologous recombination, which is the main mechanism for DNA double-stranded repair. Furthermore, the downregulation of KLF5 expression promotes the DNA damage induced by olaparib and significantly reduces the IC 50 of the RARP inhibitor in pancreatic cancer cells. Overexpression of BRCA1 reverses the above effects caused by silencing of KLF5. Olaparib combined with a KLF5 inhibitor has an enhanced cytotoxic effect. Mechanistically, we identify BRCA1 as a KLF5 target gene. BRCA1 is positively correlated with KLF5 in PDAC tissue. Our results indicate that inhibition of KLF5 may induce BRCAness in a larger pancreatic cancer subset with proficient BRCA. The combination of KLF5 inhibitors and PARP inhibitors provides a novel treatment strategy to enhance the sensitivity of BRCA1-proficient pancreatic cancer to PARP inhibitors.

Clinical Characteristics and Pathogen Spectrum of Male Genital Fungal Infections in Nanchang Area, South China.

The cutaneous fungal infections in male genitalia are relatively rare, and often present with various atypical clinical symptoms. It was mainly reported in a small number of case reports, while data with large number of patients were rarely reported. In this study, we reported 79 male patients with cutaneous fungal infections on scrotum or penis. The fungal infections were confirmed by microscopic examination directly and fungus culture. Clinical characteristics and predisposing factors were also collected. Of these 79 patients, 72 has lesions on scrotum, 5 on penis and 2 on both scrotum and penis. Trichophyton (T.) rubrum is the most common pathogen, found in 50 (67.6%) patients, which presented diverse clinical manifestation such as majorly erythematous, dry diffused scaly lesions without a clear border, slightly powdery and scutular scalings. Candida (C.) albicans is the secondly common pathogen, found in 21 (28.4%) patients, which also presented diverse lesions such as erythematous with dry whitish scaly lesions and erythematous erosion. The predisposing factors mainly included concomitant fungal infections on sites other than genitalia, especially inguinal region (tinea cruris), application of corticosteroid and high moisture. In conclusion, cutaneous fungal infections in male genitalia could be caused by different fungi, showed atypical or mild clinical appearances in most cases and might be a fungus reservoir, emphasizing the necessity to timely perform the fungi examinations and corresponding therapy.

Exploring a Linear Combination Feature for Predicting the Conductance of Parallel Molecular Circuits.

An accurate rule for predicting conductance is the cornerstone of developing molecular circuits and provides a promising solution for miniaturizing electric circuits. The successful prediction of series molecular circuits has proven the possibility of establishing a rule for molecular circuits under quantum mechanics. However, the quantitatively accurate prediction has not been validated by experiments for parallel molecular circuits. Here we used 1,3-dihydrobenzothiophene (DBT) to build the parallel molecular circuits. The theoretical simulation and single-molecule conductance measurements demonstrated that the conductance of the molecule containing one DBT is the unprecedented linear combination of the conductance of the two individual channels with respective contribution weights of 0.37 and 0.63. With these weights, the conductance of the molecule containing two DBTs is predicted as 1.81 nS, matching perfectly with the measured conductance (1.82 nS). This feature offers a potential rule for quantitatively predicting the conductance of parallel molecular circuits.

[Charcoal-frying process and quality markers of Sanguisorbae Radix based on hemostatic effect].

Studies have reported that the hemostatic effect of Sanguisorbae Radix(SR) is significantly enhanced after processing with charcoal. However, the standard components(tannins and gallic acid) specified in the Chinese Pharmacopeia decrease in charcoal-fried Sanguisorbae Radix(CSR), which is contrast to the enhancement of the hemostatic effect. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the charcoal-frying process of SR based on its hemostatic efficacy and comprehensively analyze the components of SR and its processed products, thus exploring the material basis for the hemostatic effect. The results indicated that SR processed at 250 ℃ for 14 min(14-min CSR) not only complied with the description in the Chinese Pharmacopeia but also demonstrated improved blood-coagulating and blood-adsorbing effects compared with raw SR(P<0.05). Moroever, 14-min CSR reduced the bleeding time in the rat models of tail snipping, liver bleeding, and muscle injury, surpassing both raw and excessively fried SR(16 min processed) as well as tranexamic acid(P<0.05). Ellagitannin, ellagic acid, methyl gallate, pyrogallic acid, protocatechuic acid, Mg, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn contributed to the hemostatic effect of CSR over SR. Among these substances, ellagitannin, ellagic acid, Mg, and Ca had high content in the 14 min CSR, reaching(106.73±14.87),(34.86±4.43),(2.81±0.23), and(1.21±0.23) mg·g~(-1), respectively. Additionally, the color difference value(ΔE~*ab) of SR processed to different extents was correlated with the content of the aforementioned hemostatic substances. In summary, this study optimized the charcoal-frying process as 250 ℃ for 14 min for SR based on its hemostatic effect. Furthermore, ellagic acid and/or the powder chromaticity are proposed as indicators for the processing and quality control of CSR.

Dimerized M-series Acceptors with Low Diffusion Coefficients for Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells.

As the simplest oligomeric acceptors, dimerized acceptors (DAs) are easier to synthesize, and more importantly, they can retain good intermolecular interaction and photovoltaic properties of their parent small-molecule acceptors (SMAs). Nevertheless, currently most efficient DAs are derived from banana-shaped acceptors and they might suffer from inferior device stability with high diffusion coefficients. Herein, we design and synthesize two planar DAs (DMT-FH and DMT-HF) by bridging two linear-shaped M-series SMAs with a thiophene unit. The effects of fluorination position on the diffusion coefficients, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stability of the DAs are systematically studied. Our results suggest that DMT-HF with fluorination on the ending indanone groups shows enhanced intermolecular interactions, improved PCE and stability compared with the counterpart (DMT-FH) with fluorination on the central indanone groups. Further optimization on the DMT-HF-based devices yields an outstanding PCE of 17.17%, which is the highest among all linear-shaped SMA-based DAs. Notably, with the low diffusion coefficient (3.36×10-24 cm2 s-1) of DMT-HF, the resulting device retains over 93% of the initial PCE after 5000 h of continuous heating at 85 oC, suggesting its excellent thermal stability. The results highlight the importance of intermolecular interaction and fluorination for achieving efficient and stable polymer solar cells.

Ginsenoside Rg1 improved learning and memory ability and reduces neuronal apoptosis in epileptic rats through ERK/CREB/BDNF signal pathway.

OBJECTIVE: This research was devoted to estimating the outcomes of ginsenoside Rg1 on learning and memory ability and neuronal apoptosis in epileptic rats through ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway. METHODS: The epileptic rats induced by lithium chloride were stochastically separated into model subgroup, ginsenoside Rg1 different dose subgroups. The ginsenoside Rg1 subgroups were given 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 by gavage individually. Another 6 normal rats were selected as the control subgroup. The seizures of each subgroup were estimated. Morris water maze was utilized for estimating the changes of cognitive function changes of rats. The injury and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in each subgroup were detected by Nissl and TUNEL assays. HE staining was applied for the structural and pathomorphological changes of hippocampal neurons detection. The oxidative stress level in hippocampus of rats was estimated by ELISA. DCFH-DA probe was applied for the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain tissue detection. The Bcl-2, Bax, ERK, p-ERK, CREB, p-CREB and BDNF levels in cerebral cortex were estimated by western blot, and PD98059, a blocker of ERK pathway, was used to intervene. RESULTS: In the control subgroup, Nissl bodies were abundant and evenly distributed, and cortical neurons were arranged neatly. In the model subgroup, the cytoplasmic staining of cortical neurons was insufficient and the arrangement of neurons was disordered. After treatment with ginsenoside Rg1, the morphology of neurons in the cerebral cortex was restored. The frequency of seizures, duration of seizures, Racine grade, escape latency, target quadrant residence time, MDA, TNF-α and ROS levels of cerebral cortex in the model subgroup boosted notablely versus the control subgroup. The frequency of crossing the original platform, the activity of SOD, the IL-10, p-ERK/ERK, p-CREB/CREB and BDNF levels in cerebral cortex were notablely lessened. The above-mentioned indexes in the ginsenoside Rg1 subgroup were notablely improved versus the model subgroup, and the three proteins levels in the PD98059 intervention subgroup were notablely lower. CONCLUSION: Ginsenoside Rg1 can improve cognitive dysfunction in epileptic rats, which may be concerned with ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway activation in cerebral cortex and lessening oxidative stress and inflammation.

Attaining Exceptional Stable Copper(I) Metallacyclopentadiene Diradicaloids through Ligand Engineering.

Diradicaloids are generally high-energy molecules with open-shell configuration and are quite reactive. In this work, we report a feasible synthetic approach to attaining exceptionally stable copper(I) metallacyclopentadiene diradicaloids through ligand engineering. Copper(I)-hybrid cyclopentadiene diradicaloids 1c-6c that absorb intensely in visible regions were successfully prepared in stoichiometrical yields under UV light irradiation. The diradicaloids originate from the C-C bonding coupling of two side-by-side-arranged ethynyl groups in complexes 1-6 upon photocyclization. By rational selection of substituents in triphosphine ligands, we systematically modulate the kinetic behavior of diradicaloids 1c-6c in the thermal decoloration process. With precise ligand design, we are able to obtain exceptionally stable copper(I)-hybrid cyclopentadiene diradicaloids with a half-life as long as ca. 40 h in CH2Cl2 solution at ambient temperature. As demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and variable-temperature magnetic studies, the diradicaloids manifest a singlet ground state, but they are readily populated to a triplet excited state through thermal activation in view of a small singlet-triplet energy gap of -0.39 kcal mol-1. The diradicaloids show two-step quasi-reversible reduction waves at about -0.5 and -1.0 V ascribed to successive one-electron-accepting processes, coinciding perfectly with the characteristics of diradicals.

Factors influencing USgHIFU ablation for adenomyosis with NPVR ≥ 50.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influencing factors of ultrasound-guided HIFU (USgHIFU) ablation for adenomyosis with a non-perfused volume ratio (NPVR)≥50%. METHODS: A total of 299 patients with adenomyosis who underwent USgHIFU ablation were enrolled. Quantitative signal intensity (SI) analysis was performed on T2WI and dynamic enhancement type. The energy efficiency factor (EEF) was defined as the ultrasound energy delivered for ablating 1 mm3 of tissue. NPVR ≥ 50% was used as the criterion for technical success. Adverse effects and complications were recorded. Logistic regression analyses of variables were conducted to identify the factors affecting NPVR ≥ 50%. RESULTS: The median NPVR was 53.5% (34.7%). There were 159 cases in the NPVR ≥ 50% group and 140 cases in the NPVR < 50% group. The EEF in NPVR < 50.0% group was significantly higher than that in NPVR ≥ 50% group (p < 0.05). The incidence of intraoperative adverse effects and postoperative adverse events in the NPVR < 50% group were higher than those in the NPVR ≥ 50% group (p < 0.05 for both). Logistic regression analysis showed that abdominal wall thickness, SI difference on T2WI between adenomyosis and rectus abdominis, and enhancement type on T1WI were protective factors for NPVR ≥ 50% (p < 0.05), while the history of childbirth was an independent risk factor (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with NPVR < 50%, NPVR ≥ 50% did not increase the intraprocedural and postprocedural adverse reactions. The possibility of NPVR ≥ 50% was higher in patients with thinner abdominal walls, showed slight enhancement of adenomyosis on T1WI, with a history of childbirth, or in whom the SI difference on T2WI between adenomyosis and rectus abdominis was more minor.

Effectiveness of no drainage after elective day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy, even with intraoperative gallbladder perforation: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been carried out as day-case surgery. Current guidelines do not mention the role of drainage after LC. In particular, data stay blank with no prospective study on drainage management when gallbladder perforation (GP) accidentally occurs intraoperatively. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare clinical outcomes of drainage and no drainage after elective day-case LC. Intraoperative GP was recorded. The primary and secondary outcomes were major and minor complications, respectively. RESULTS: Two hundred patients were randomized. No major complications occurred in either group. In secondary outcomes, nausea/vomiting, pain, hospital stay, and cost were similar in the drainage group and no drainage group; postoperative fever, WBC, and CRP levels were significantly lower in the no drainage group. GP occurred in 32 patients. Male patients with higher BMI and CRP and abdominal pain within 1 month were more likely to occur GP. Subgroup analysis of GP, primary outcomes, and most secondary outcomes had no difference. Postoperative WBC and CRP were higher in the drainage group. Postoperative fever occurred in 63 patients. Univariate analysis of fever showed that blood loss, drainage, postoperative WBC, CRP, and hospital stay were significant. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that drainage was an independent risk factor for fever after LC (OR 3.418, 95% CI 1.392-8.390; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: No drainage after elective day-case LC is safe and associated with fewer complications, even in intraoperative GP. The trial proves that drainage is an independent risk factor for postoperative fever. The use of a drain after LC may lead to an unsuccessful day-case procedure by causing fever, elevated CRP, and extended hospital stay (NCT03909360).