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Objective:To evaluate the calf muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fat fraction (FF) in amateur marathon runners based on T 2WI-Flex fat-suppression sequence and iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetrical and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence (IDEAL-IQ) technique, and to explore the correlation between them and age, body mass index (BMI), running age, speed exercise, and monthly exercise. Methods:From September to November 2022, 37 amateur marathon group (marathon group) and 12 healthy volunteers (control group) who did not often exercise were recruited in Shijiazhuang. T 2WI-Flex fat-suppression sequence and IDEAL-IQ sequence were performed on all subjects. The anterior group of the right calf (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digital longus), external group of the calf (peroneus longus, peroneus brevis), soleus, medial head and lateral head of the gastrocnemius were delineated along the edge of the muscle contour as regions of interest, and the CSA and FF values of the muscles were obtained. Twelve subjects matched with the clinical data of the control group were selected from the marathon group (marathon matched group), and the differences in CSA and FF were compared by independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between CSA and FF values of the right calf and running-related indicators including age, BMI, running age, speed exercise, and monthly exercise in 37 amateur marathon runners. Results:The CSA of the right calf soleus muscle in the marathon matched matched group was larger than that in the control group ( t=-2.09, P=0.048). There was no significant difference in CSA of other calf muscles between the two groups ( P>0.05). The FF values of the right calf anterior group, the outer group, the soleus muscle, the medial head and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in the marathon matched group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The BMI of 37 amateur marathon runners was positively correlated with the CSA and FF values of the anterior group, the outer group, the soleus, the medial head and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle (CSA: r=0.628, 0.468, 0.680, 0.566, 0.615, respectively, all P<0.05; FF value: r=0.395, 0.567, 0.631, 0.482, 0.516, respectively, all P<0.05). The FF values of the anterior group, the outer group, the soleus, the medial head and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle were negatively correlated with monthly exercise ( r=-0.337, -0.405, -0.437, -0.338, -0.446, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Long-term running training can reduce the FF value of each calf muscle group, and the FF value of calf muscles is negatively correlated with the amount of running each month. Long-term running training has the greatest effect on the CSA of soleus muscle.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of protocatechuic acid on chronic neuropathic pain (NP) and its mechanism in rats.Methods:NP models were established in 32 SD rats by sciatic nerve ligation, and they were randomly divided into model group, low- and high-dose protocatechuic acid groups, and ibuprofen group ( n=8); on the 3 rd d of modeling, rats in the latter 3 groups were given 10 or 20 mg/kg protocatechuic acid solution via jugular vein injection or 20 mg/kg ibuprofen tablets by gavage, once a d for consecutive 21 d. A sham-operated group ( n=8) was set up; the sciatic nerve was dissociated but not ligated. The behavioral performance of rats in each group was continuously observed; on the 7 th, 14 th and 21 st d of administration, the mechanical pain threshold of both hind limbs of rats was measured by von-Frey filament stimulation and the thermal pain threshold was measured by BME-410A thermal pain stimulator. Then, rats were sacrificed. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by ELISA. Cell apoptosis in the spinal cord tissues was observed by TUNEL. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-related protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway related proteins in the spinal cord tissues. Results:On the 7 th, 14 th, and 21 st d of administration, the thermal pain threshold and mechanical pain threshold in the model group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the sham-operated group ( P<0.05); as compared with those in the model group, those in the low- and high-dose protocatechuic acid groups and ibuprofen group were significantly increased ( P<0.05); as compared with those in the low-dose protocatechuic acid group, those in the high-dose protocatechuic acid group and ibuprofen group were significantly increased ( P<0.05); those in the ibuprofen group were significantly increased as compared with those in the high-dose protocatechuic acid group ( P<0.05). (2) On the 21 st d of administration, as compared with those in sham-operated group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and number of apoptotic cells in the spinal cord tissues of the model group were significantly increased ( P<0.05); as compared with those in the model group, those in the low- and high-dose protocatechuic acid groups and ibuprofen group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05); as compared with those in the low-dose protocatechuic acid group, those in the high-dose protocatechuic acid group and ibuprofen group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05); those in the ibuprofen group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the high-dose protocatechuic acid group ( P<0.05). (3) On the 21 st d of administration, the protein expressions of phosphorylated (p)-NF-κb-65 (0.77±0.05), NLRP3 (1.03±0.08), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), Caspase-1 and IL-1β in the spinal cord of rats in the model group were significantly increased as compared with those in the sham-operated group ( P<0.05); as compared with those in the model group, those in the low- and high-dose protocatechuic acid groups were significantly decreased (p-NF-κB-65: 0.49±0.03, 0.25±0.02; NLRP3: 0.81±0.06, 0.69±0.04; P<0.05); as compared with those in the low-dose protocatechuic acid group, those in the high-dose protocatechuic acid group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Protocatechuic acid may alleviate pain in chronic NP rats by downregulating NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway transduction.
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Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is a common complication of myocardial infarction. Traditional medical and surgical treatments are not effective or require high doctors' operational skills and patients' physical fitness. With the development of minimally invasive medical devices, it becomes possible for revivent TC system to treat LVA and reconstruct the left ventricle. This study introduces an existing product and its defect when used. From the perspective of clinical needs, we propose a new design of revivent TC system which realizes accurate force measurement and simplifies surgery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Heart Aneurysm , Heart Ventricles , Myocardial InfarctionABSTRACT
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmia in clinic. Left atrial appendage closure is a new technique developed to block the left atrial appendage by minimally invasive intervention in patients with atrial fibrillation, it can help patients who are not applicable or tolerable to the long-term anticoagulation. This paper introduced the common classification of left atrial appendage, summarized and analyzed the limitation of existing left atrial appendage closure. Based on the perspective of clinical needs, it put forward the initial design idea of left atrial appendage closure and designed a new type of left atrial appendage closure. Corresponding animal experiment verified the safety and effectiveness of new left atrial appendage closure.
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Objective Color-coded digital substraction angiography (CC-DSA) was based on DSA and takes image postprocessing via corresponding software (iFlow or Angioviz).It can observe the change of datas,which will be used to analysis the hemodynamics.CC-DSA has advantages of high temporal and spatal resolution.Meanwhile it spends less time and dose not increase the quantity of contrast-medium and X-ray.The application of CC-DSA in recent years were reviewed in this paper.