ABSTRACT
"Probe-before-destroy" methodology permitted diffraction and imaging measurements of intact specimens using ultrabright but highly destructive X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses. The methodology takes advantage of XFEL pulses ultrashort duration to outrun the destructive nature of the X-rays. Atomic movement, generally on the order of >50 fs, regulates the maximum pulse duration for intact specimen measurements. In this contribution, we report the electronic structure damage of a molecule with ultrashort X-ray pulses under preservation of the atoms' positions. A detailed investigation of the X-ray induced processes revealed that X-ray absorption events in the solvent produce a significant number of solvated electrons within attosecond and femtosecond timescales that are capable of coulombic interactions with the probed molecules. The presented findings show a strong influence on the experimental spectra coming from ionization of the probed atoms' surroundings leading to electronic structure modification much faster than direct absorption of photons. This work calls for consideration of this phenomenon in cases focused on samples embedded in, e.g., solutions or in matrices, which in fact concerns most of the experimental studies.
ABSTRACT
In summary, it appears that much work remains to be done in ensuring medical information privacy, especially in larger healthcare facilities. Managers of these organizations are urged to confront these issues now, while there is still time to act in a proactive management mode. Media and legislative scrutiny with respect to privacy are increasing, and it is only a matter of time before managers in the medical community find themselves reacting to queries from external parties. It is far better to resolve the problems while they are under one's own control than to wait for outside scrutiny to force a reactive reconsideration.