Expanding the Histologic Spectrum of Sudden Conjunctivitis, Lymphopenia, and Rash Combined With Hemodynamic Changes.

ABSTRACT: Sudden conjunctivitis, lymphopenia, and rash combined with hemodynamic changes (SCoRCH) is a recently described hypersensitivity reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. To date, only 1 case of histologic findings in SCoRCH has been reported, revealing a superficial perivascular dermatitis. In this article, we present a 53-year-old woman with a four-day history of a widespread, confluent, erythematous, and dusky rash after exposure to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Histologic examination revealed a vacuolar interface dermatitis with several apoptotic keratinocytes at multiple levels of the epidermis, similar to an erythema multiforme-like presentation. As described in SCoRCH, our patient's clinical findings rapidly improved within 48 hours of presentation without treatment. This case adds to the current literature by identifying a newly described histopathological presentation of SCoRCH.

Fixed drug eruption from atezolizumab.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a cutaneous drug reaction that tends to recur in the same area (fixed location) upon re-exposure to the offending agent. We present a 48-year-old woman with FDE being treated for metastatic breast cancer with atezolizumab. We believe this is the first reported case of FDE secondary to atezolizumab.

Comparison of guidelines for the use of Ustekinumab for psoriasis in the United States, Europe, and the United Kingdom: A critical appraisal and comprehensive review.

The aim of this review is to compare and contrast evidence-based clinical practice guidelines from global dermatological organizations for the use of ustekinumab in psoriasis. Clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Dermatology, National Psoriasis Foundation, British Association of Dermatologists, and European S3 were reviewed and compared. Practice guidelines from the three dermatological organizations are similar with regards to treatment dosage and initiation but differ in their recommendations for baseline screening and interval laboratory monitoring, treatment in patients undergoing surgery or receiving live vaccines, and treatment contraindications. Ustekinumab is an effective and well-tolerated systemic treatment for patients with psoriasis and should be considered in the line of therapy that dermatologists discuss with their patients. Consideration should be given to evidence-based practice guidelines of global dermatology organizations to effectively guide treatment decisions in patients with psoriasis.

Topical Agents Currently in Phase II or Phase III Trials for Atopic Dermatitis.

Mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) occurs frequently in children and adults and is usually managed through the use of pharmacologic treatments, such as topical corticosteroids (TCS) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), and good skin care practices. As chronic TCS or TCI can lead to the development of adverse effects, there is a need for safe, alternative treatments for patients with resistant AD. A systemic literature review was performed to examine the safety and efficacy of topical agents currently in phase II and phase III clinical trials for AD. Our team searched the databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov, on March 2020 for studies pertaining to the use of topical agents in AD. Key words included each drug (tapinarof, crisaborole, ARQ-151 cream, ruxolitinib) or "topical agents"; combined with "atopic dermatitis"; Articles published within the last 5 years were included as references. References within retrieved articles were also reviewed to identify potentially missed studies. A total of 24 articles were included in this review. Tapinarof, crisaborole, and ruxolitinib lead to statistically significant improvements in multiple disease severity scores. ARQ-151 cream achieved statistical significance in secondary endpoints, including vIGA-AD and EASI-75, but not in the primary endpoint of the study. All topical agents were well-tolerated by study participants. The findings demonstrate that tapinarof, crisaborole, ARQ-151 cream, and ruxolitinib are safe, effective treatment options for patients with mild to moderate AD. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(10):956-959. doi: 10.36849/JDD.2020.5214.

Use of systemic therapies for psoriasis in the COVID-19 era.

BACKGROUND: In late 2019 a viral pneumonia began to spread across the world. The viral disease, COVID-19, is now officially a pandemic, causing concern for the potential risk of systemic therapies for patients with psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to analyze what is currently known about COVID-19 in regard to the safety of systemic treatment, and to provide guidelines for use in psoriasis during this pandemic. METHODS: Review of guidelines from various dermatologic regulatory bodies regarding the use of systemic medications during the COVID-19 pandemic was performed and summarized. RESULTS: The AAD, NPF and IPC are in agreement regarding their recommendation that patients with active COVID-19 infection should discontinue any biologic therapy. CONCLUSION: Patients with active COVID-19 infections should discontinue systemic treatment for psoriasis. Patients with risk factors should discuss continuing treatment on a case by case basis.

Management of Psoriasis With Topicals: Applying the 2020 AAD-NPF Guidelines of Care to Clinical Practice.

Topical medications have high utility in the treatment of psoriasis because of their localized effect and ability to be used as both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) and the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) published guidelines in 2020 regarding the management of psoriasis with topical therapies. These guidelines are a framework that assist clinicians treating psoriasis patients with topical agents including steroids, calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), vitamin D analogues, retinoids (tazarotene), emollients, keratolytics (salicylic acid), anthracenes (anthralin), and keratoplastics (coal tar). This review presents these evidence-based recommendations in a form that dermatologists can readily apply to their clinical practice. The selection of an appropriate topical therapy, effective combination therapies, duration of use, and adverse events are addressed.

Review and analysis of biologic therapies currently in phase II and phase III clinical trials for atopic dermatitis.

Biologic medications are recent advances that have clinical significance in the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. A systemic literature review was performed to examine the efficacy and safety of biologic therapies currently in phase II and phase III of clinical trials for moderate-to-severe AD. Our team searched the databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov, on September 2019 for studies pertaining to the use of biologic drugs in AD. Key words included each drug (lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, fezakinumab, etokimab, nemolizumab, tezepelumab, and GBR 830) or 'biologic drugs' or 'immunotherapies' combined with 'atopic dermatitis.' References within retrieved articles were also reviewed to identify potentially missed studies. A total of 19 articles were included in this review. Lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, fezakinumab, nemolizumab, and GBR 830 lead to statistically significant improvements in disease severity and multiple endpoint outcome scores. Tezepelumab and etokimab, however, did not demonstrate statistically significant changes in primary outcome endpoints. Further assessment of tezepelumab and etokimab are needed to assess their safety and efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Tralokinumab, lebrikizumab, fezakinumab, nemolizumab, and GBR 830 are effective treatment options for adults with moderate-to-severe AD, but further large-scale studies are needed to confirm their efficacy as monotherapy in children with moderate-to-severe AD.

Clinical management of psoriasis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Psoriasis is a systemic immune-mediated inflammatory disease that requires consistent treatment and follow-up. Given that COVID-19 will persist in the coming years, dermatologists need to adjust their practices accordingly to care for their patients, particularly psoriasis patients managed with systemic therapies. We provide guidelines for optimizing care for psoriasis patients, including considerations for medication management, lifestyle adjustments, and utilization of telemedicine.

Comparison of Guidelines for the Use of Interleukin-17 Inhibitors for Psoriasis in the United States, Britain, and Europe: A Critical Appraisal and Comprehensive Review.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-17 inhibitors are a newer class of biologic used to treat patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. OBJECTIVE: We compared evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) from leading dermatological organizations for the use of IL-17 inhibitors in psoriasis. METHODS: Guidelines from the Joint American Academy of Dermatology-National Psoriasis Foundation (AAD-NFP) Guidelines, British Association of Dermatologists guidelines (BAD), and European S3 group (ES3) were all reviewed and compared. RESULTS: This analysis revealed significant overlap in the recommendations made by experts from each CPG. However, our review highlights differences in routine laboratory recommendations and the relative and absolute contraindications to use with IL-17 inhibitors. CONCLUSION: IL-17 inhibitors are an effective treatment option for psoriasis. This analysis and review of guidelines for IL-17 inhibitor use highlights the consensus in treatment protocols and areas of disagreement between CPGs.

Translating the 2020 AAD-NPF Guidelines of Care for the Management of Psoriasis With Systemic Nonbiologics to Clinical Practice.

In 2020, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) and the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) released a set of guidelines for the management of psoriasis in adults with systemic nonbiologic therapies, including acitretin, apremilast, cyclosporine, fumaric acid esters, methotrexate, and tofacitinib. This review addresses dosing, efficacy, toxicity, drug-related interactions, and contraindications alongside evidence-based treatment recommendations for each systemic therapy. Important considerations for treatment such as drug selection, initiation of therapy, drug monitoring, and patient management also are discussed. Physicians are encouraged to use these recommendations to guide treatments based on individual patient needs and disease characteristics.

Translating the 2019 AAD-NPF Guidelines of Care for Psoriasis With Attention to Comorbidities.

In April 2019, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) and the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) released a set of guidelines regarding the management of psoriasis with a focus on its extracutaneous manifestations-comorbidities, mental health, psychosocial wellness, and quality of life (QOL). These guidelines provide the most up-to-date evidence on the screening and treatment recommendations for these disease comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to present the recommendations in a form that can be easily applied in clinical practice.

Review of treatments for generalized pustular psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is an uncommon variant of psoriasis that is characterized clinically by sterile pustule formation superimposed over inflamed, erythematous skin. METHODS: In June 2019, we conducted a systematic search of the PubMed Medline database using the keywords 'pustular psoriasis' and 'treatment'. RESULTS: First-line treatment for the condition consists of established therapies, such as acitretin, cyclosporine, methotrexate, and infliximab. Several medications targeting IL-17 or IL-23 have also emerged recently with drugs such as ixekizumab, secukinumab, brodalumab, guselkumab, and ustekinumab having shown some efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the research in support of common treatments of GPP, including classically used medications and newer monoclonal antibodies, and addresses the continued need for high quality studies regarding treatments for this condition.