Arabic translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric properties of the low back pain knowledge questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LBP_KQ) was originally developed and validated for English speakers but not yet available for Arabic speakers. PURPOSE: To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and test the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the LBP_KQ. METHODS: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed according to recommended guidelines. Construct validity was assessed through principal component analysis, and contrasted groups including physical therapists, nurses, and patients with low back pain. Concurrent validity was assessed by the correlation of LBP_KQ with the fear avoidance-belief questionnaire and depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analyses. Sensitivity to change was measured by comparing an educational intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). RESULTS: The questionnaire has four components. Physical therapists had significantly (p < .001) higher LBP_KQ scores than nurses and patients indicating good construct validity. There was a significant correlation between LBP_KQ and fear avoidance-belief questionnaire total score (r = 0.200, p = .04), depression score (r = -0.219, p = .024), anxiety score (r = -0.251, p < .01), stress score (r = -0.199, p < .041). Cronbach's α was 0.662, and ICC (2,1) was 0.760 which reflects good reliability. There was a significant difference in LBP_KQ scores between IG and CG (p < .001) indicating sensitivity to change. CONCLUSION: The Arabic version of LBP_KQ is valid, reliable, and sensitive to change.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the low back pain treatment belief questionnaire and its clinimetric properties.

BACKGROUND: The Low Back Pain Treatment Beliefs Questionnaire (LBP-TBQ) was developed to systematically measure patients' preferences about common treatments for low back pain (LBP). However, the questionnaire is not available in the Arabic language. OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the LBP-TBQ to the Arabic language and assess its clinimetric properties. METHODS: The LBP-TBQ was translated into Arabic version according to published guidelines. In pilot testing, the face and content validity of the translated questionnaire was assessed. Two hundred and fifty patients with LBP completed the translated LBP-TBQ for five common LBP treatments. In addition, a subgroup of 51 participants completed the questionnaire on two consecutive occasions to examine the test-retest reliability. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the Arabic version of LBP-TBQ has three factors: (1) "credibility", (2) "effectiveness and fitness", and (3) "concerns", and this 3-factors model had the best fit for the data for all the five treatments. Cronbach's α of the total items ranged from 0.812 to 0.899, while the sub-scores ranged from 0.557 to 0.837, indicating moderate to high internal consistency. The ICC(2,1) ranged from 0.626 to 0.909, which shows acceptable to good test-retest reliability. Correlation with other LBP questionnaires was < 0.3, demonstrating acceptable discriminant validity. Finally, the questionnaire showed acceptable criterion validity for all the subscales and the general questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The Arabic version of LBP-TBQ is reliable, valid, and appropriate to use in clinical and research settings.

Physiotherapists' knowledge, perception, and attitude regarding COVID-19 and infection control: An online cross-sectional survey in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of knowledge and awareness of healthcare practitioners regarding infection control. OBJECTIVE: To explore Jordanian physiotherapists' knowledge and perception of COVID-19, awareness about protection measures, and attitude towards infection prevention. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was used. Data were collected from licensed physiotherapists currently living in Jordan. A structured survey was used to collect the data consisting of five parts: 1) General information about the physiotherapists including sociodemographic, academic training, and employment setting, 2) General knowledge about COVID-19, 3) Infection protection in the workplace, 4) Perception of COVID-19, and 5) Attitude towards COVID-19 in daily life and during work. RESULTS: A total of 147 physiotherapists completed the survey with a mean age of 30.56 (7.70) and years of experience of 7.28 (7.21). The mean of the total knowledge score was 17.18 (2.32)/ 26. There was a significant difference in the total knowledge score between COVID-19 trained physiotherapists and untrained (t = 2.895, p = 0.004). About 70.8% of the physiotherapists perceived COVID-19 as a very dangerous disease, 69.4% considered physiotherapy a high-risk profession, and 41% perceived COVID-19 does not require any special treatment. Approximately 85% of physiotherapists avoided going to crowded places and wore a mask when leaving home. 75-86.6% of physiotherapists would consider appropriate protective measures during their work. CONCLUSIONS: Physiotherapists showed suboptimal knowledge, perception, and attitude towards COVID-19. There is a need for training courses to increase physiotherapists' knowledge about COVID-19 and improve their perception and attitude towards COVID-19.

Arabic version of the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric properties.

BACKGROUND: The Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ) is a tool developed for the assessment of attitudes about back pain. However, this tool is not available in the Arabic language. The availability of the Arabic version of the questionnaire will enable clinicians and researchers in Arabic-speaking countries to assess patients' attitudes towards back pain. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the English version of the Back-PAQ into Arabic and study its psychometric properties. METHODS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation processes were performed according to published guidelines. The translated Arabic version was tested for face and content validity on 40 participants. The psychometric properties of the final Arabic version were tested on 110 participants. Participants completed the Arabic version of the Back-PAQ and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). A subgroup of 50 participants completed the questionnaire twice in a week interval to determine the Back-PAQ test-retest reliability. RESULTS: The majority of participants found the questionnaire understandable and the questions relevant and appropriate for their back problem. There was a fair correlation between the Back-PAQ-Arabic and the FABQ physical activity scale (rho = 0.283, p= 0.001), and little to no correlation with total FABQ (rho = 0.186, p= 0.026) and education level (rho =-0.162, p= 0.045). The Arabic Back-PAQ-Arabic showed moderate internal consistency with Cronbach's α of 0.601, and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC2,1= 0.963). The Back-PAQ standard error of measurement was 3.57 and minimum detectable changes was 9.90. CONCLUSION: The Arabic version of the Back-PAQ has adequate validity and reliability properties.